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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2019-18-3-64-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1097</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НАНОСТРУКТУРНЫХ ОКСИДОВ ДЛЯ НАПРАВЛЕННОГО ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ рН МИКРООКРУЖЕНИЯ ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ КЛЕТОК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND AUTOPHAGY IN ANTITUMORAL RESPONSE OF MELANOMA CELL LINES TO TARGET INHIBITION OF MEK AND mTOR KINASES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ложкомоев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozhkomoev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ложкомоев Александр Сергеевич, кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>634055, г. Томск, пр. Академический, 2/41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr S. Lozhkomoev, PhD, Senior Researcher</p><p>2/4, pr. Akademicheskiy, 634055-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакина Ольга Владимировна, кандидат химических наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>634055, г. Томск, пр. Академический, 2/41</p><p>SPIN-код: 9002-1344</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Bakina, PhD, Researcher</p><p>2/4, pr. Akademicheskiy, 634055-Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovbakina@ispms.tsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фоменко Алла Николаевна, инженер</p><p>634055, г. Томск, пр. Академический, 2/41</p><p>SPIN-код: 4435-8053</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla N. Fomenko, Engineer</p><p>2/4, pr. Akademicheskiy, 634055-Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alserova@ispms.tsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Августинович</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avgustinovich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Августинович Александра Владимировна, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной онкологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p><p>SPIN-код: 2952-6119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra V. Avgustinovich, MD, PhD, Researcher, Abdominal Department, Cancer Research Institute</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634009-Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aov862@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-0375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Сергей Геннадьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделением абдоминальной онкологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p><p>SPIN-код: 9206-3037</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): D-2084-2012.</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 21333316900</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey G. Afanasyev, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of Abdominal Department, Cancer Research Institute</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634009-Tomsk</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): D-2084-2012.</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 21333316900</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-0644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добродеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrodeev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Добродеев Алексей Юрьевич, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной онкологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p><p>SPIN-код: 5510-4043</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): B-5644-2017.</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 24832974200</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Yu. Dobrodeev, MD, DSc, Senior Researcher, Abdominal Department, Cancer Research Institute</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634009-Tomsk</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): B-5644-2017.</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 24832974200</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спирина Людмила Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимии опухолей, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p><p>SPIN-код: 1336-8363.</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): A-7760-2012.</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 36960462500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Spirina, MD, DSc, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634009-Tomsk</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): A-7760-2012.</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 36960462500</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасова Анна Сергеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной онкологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p><p>SPIN-код: 1554-3063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Tarasova, MD, PhD, Junior Researcher, Abdominal Department, Cancer Research Institute</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634009-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урмонов</surname><given-names>У. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urmonov</surname><given-names>U. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Урмонов Умиджон Бутабекович, аспирант отделения абдоминальной онкологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p><p>SPIN-код: 7150-7291</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Umijon B. Urmonov, MD, Postgraduate, Abdominal Department, Cancer Research Institute</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634009-Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_urmonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ложкомоев А.С., Бакина О.В., Фоменко А.Н., Августинович А.В., Афанасьев С.Г., Добродеев А.Ю., Спирина Л.В., Тарасова А.С., Урмонов У.Б., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ложкомоев А.С., Бакина О.В., Фоменко А.Н., Августинович А.В., Афанасьев С.Г., Добродеев А.Ю., Спирина Л.В., Тарасова А.С., Урмонов У.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lozhkomoev A.S., Bakina O.V., Fomenko A.N., Avgustinovich A.V., Afanasyev S.G., Dobrodeev A.Y., Spirina L.V., Tarasova A.S., Urmonov U.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1097">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1097</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – установить взаимосвязь между кислотно-основными характеристиками наноструктур на основе оксидов алюминия и/или магния и их противоопухолевой активностью в экспериментах in vitro.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Для синтеза наноструктур на основе оксидов алюминия и/или магния с различными кислотно-основными характеристиками поверхности был использован метод гидролиза алкоголятов металлов и их смесей. Морфологию наноструктур исследовали методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии с интегрированной системой энергодисперсионного анализа. Фазовый состав частиц определяли методом рентгеновской дифракции. Влияние синтезированных наноструктур на жизнеспособность клеточных линий определяли при помощи MTT -теста на культурах клеток MDA , PyMT и Neuro-2a.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В работе методом гидролиза алкоголятов алюминия и магния, а также их смеси были синтезированы наноструктуры оксида алюминия AlOOH, оксида магния MgO, композитные частицы AlOOH/MgO, эффективно подавляющие жизнедеятельность опухолевых клеток. Показано, что наибольшей цитотоксичностью обладает MgO, наименьшей – AlOOH. Анализ физико-химических характеристик синтезированных наноструктур показал, что основными факторами, обусловливающими их противоопухолевую активность, являются кислотно-основные свойства поверхности. Установлено, что MgO повышает рН клеточной питательной среды до 9,4, AlOOH – до 7,7, AlOOH/MgO – до 8,8. При этом наблюдается корреляция между количеством живых клеток при контакте питательной среды с наноструктурами и клеток, инкубированных в среде при повышенном рН, не содержащей наноструктуры. Данный подход может быть использован для синтеза материалов, способных изменять кислотность микроокружения опухолевых клеток в заданном диапазоне для противоопухолевой терапии, в том числе потенцируя действие стандартных химиопрепаратов за счет снижения внеклеточной кислотности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ характеристик синтезированных наноструктур показал, что основными факторами, обусловливающими их противоопухолевую активность, являются кислотно-основные свойства поверхности. Данный подход может быть использован для синтеза материалов, способных изменять кислотность микроокружения опухолевых клеток в заданном диапазоне для противоопухолевой терапии, в том числе потенцируя действие стандартных химиопрепаратов за счет снижения внеклеточной кислотности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cutaneous melanoma is a challenge to treat due to rapid progression of disease and acquired resistance to therapy. Autophagy and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are closely interrelated and play a key role in tumor progression. Targeted co-inhibition of MEK and mTOR kinases is a potential target for melanoma therapy by downregulatoin of the EMT.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the effect of MEK and mTOR co-inhibition on cell viability, ability to form 3D-spheroids and migratory capacity of melanoma cell lines, and correlation of these changes with EMTand autophagy-related markers.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. Melanoma cell lines Mel Z and Mel MTP were derived from patients, who were treated at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The antiproliferative effect of binimetinib and/or rapamycin was studied by the MTT -test. 3D spheroids were formed using RGD peptides. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by a Boyden chamber migration assay. The expression levels of autophagy and EMT markers were investigated by immunocytochemistry or immunoblotting.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Rapamycin increased cytotoxicity of binimetinib in both 2D and 3D melanoma cell line cultures. At the same time, binimetinib and rapamycin reduced invasion, but not migration capacity of melanoma cells in vitro. The effectiveness of the combination was associated with a decrease in the EMT markers (N-cadherin and β-catenin) and autophagy markers (Beclin 1, p62/SQST M1 and LC3BII ) in melanoma cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Inactivation of autophagy and EMT leads to overcoming the resistance to current anti-melanoma therapy and can be considered as a promising target for the treatment of melanoma. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оксид алюминия</kwd><kwd>оксид магния</kwd><kwd>микроокружение опухолевых клеток</kwd><kwd>кислотность микроокружения</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевая активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma. autophagy</kwd><kwd>epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition</kwd><kwd>3D spheroids</kwd><kwd>experimental therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований государственных академий наук на 2013–2020 гг., направление III.23</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was carried out withing the framework of the Program of Basic Scientific Research of the State Academies of Sciences for 2013–20, III.23</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H., Lytton-Jean A.K.R., Chen Y., Love K.T., Park A.I., Karagiannis E.D., Sehgal A., Querbes W., Zurenko C.S., Jayaraman M., Peng C.G., Charisse K., Borodovsky A., Manoharan M., Donahoe J.S.,Truelove J., Nahrendorf M., Langer R., Anderson D.G. 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