oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2019-18-4-85-91oncotomsk-1145Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОСОБЕННОСТИ ПСИХИАТРИЧЕСКОГО ИНТЕРВЬЮ С ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ БОЛЬНЫМИPSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW OF PATIENTS WITH CANCERЗубковаЮ. Н.ZubkovaYu. N.

врач-психиатр отделения функциональной диагностики и госпитальной терапии отдела интенсивной терапии, функциональной диагностики и реабилитации,

г. Москва, 115478, ул. Каширское шоссе, 24

MD, Psychiatrist of the Department of Functional Diagnostics and Hospital Therapy of the Intensive Care Unit, Functional Diagnosis and Rehabilitation,

24, Kashirskoye shosse, 115478-Moscow

kostenay@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-2600КурмуковИ. А.KurmukovI. A.

кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения интенсивной терапии и реанимации отдела интенсивной терапии, функциональной диагностики и реабилитации,

г. Москва, 115478, ул. Каширское шоссе, 24

MD, PhD, the intensive care unit of the intensive care unit, functional diagnostics and rehabilitation,

24, Kashirskoye shosse, 115478-Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0197-7721ОбуховаО. А.ObukhovaO. A.

кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением реабилитации отдела интенсивной терапии, функциональной диагностики и реабилитации,

г. Москва, 115478, ул. Каширское шоссе, 24

MD, PhD, Head of the Rehabilitation Department of the Intensive Care Unit, Functional Diagnostics and Rehabilitation,

24, Kashirskoye shosse, 115478-Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-8763КашияШ. Р.KashiaSh. R.

кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделом интенсивной терапии, функциональной диагностики и реабилитации, 

г. Москва, 115478, ул. Каширское шоссе, 24

MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Intensive Therapy, Functional Diagnostics and Rehabilitation,

24, Kashirskoye shosse, 115478-Moscow

ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2019010920191848591Copyright © Зубкова Ю.Н., Курмуков И.А., Обухова О.А., Кашия Ш.Р., 20192019Зубкова Ю.Н., Курмуков И.А., Обухова О.А., Кашия Ш.Р.Zubkova Y.N., Kurmukov I.A., Obukhova O.A., Kashia S.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1145Актуальность

Актуальность. Психиатру консультативной службы онкологического стационара в рамках единственной встречи и без возможности сбора данных объективного анамнеза и катамнестических сведений необходимо составить диагностическое представление об уровне нарушений психического функционирования пациента.

Цель исследования – анализ современных методик оценки психопатологических расстройств в онкологии.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Обзор индексируемых в PubMed публикаций, посвященных анализу защитных механизмов, оценке стиля преодоления проблем, реакциям совладания с острым и хроническим стрессом, способам функционирования семей онкологических больных.

Результаты

Результаты. Описаны модифицированные психосоматические интервью, применяемые у онкологических больных, стили привязанности, копинг-стратегии, защитные механизмы. Представлена таксономическая система наиболее часто встречающихся психических расстройств в современной психоонкологии.

Заключение

Заключение. Модифицированное психиатрическое интервью, в ходе которого объективно оцениваются защитные механизмы, стили преодоления проблем, реакции совладания с острым и хроническим стрессом, способы функционирования семьи онкологического пациента, позволяет по результатам первой и часто единственной встречи получить важную информацию о возможном психопатологическом состоянии. Мультидименсионный диагностический подход помогает оценить участие разнообразных повреждающих факторов в текущем психическом статусе пациента. Формирование заключения психиатра-консультанта в терминах таксономических систем международной статистической классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем (МКБ), или диагностического и статистического руководства по психическим расстройствам (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders – DSM) позволяет предоставить информацию лечащему врачу-онкологу в стандартизированном и однозначно интерпретируемом виде. 

Background

Background. Psychiatrists providing consultation in cancer centers need to understand the patient’s mental health without possibility of collecting data on the objective case history and follow-up.

Purpose

Purpose: to analyze the modern methods of assessment of psychopathological disorders in cancer patients.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. Publications indexed in PubMed and devoted to the analysis of defense mechanisms, strategies for overcoming challenges, responses to acute and chronic stress, and support for family members of cancer patients were analyzed.

Results

Results. Modified psychosomatic interviews used for cancer patients, attachment styles, coping strategies, and defense mechanisms were described. The taxonomic system of the most common mental disorders in modern psycho-oncology was presented.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The modified psychiatric interview, during which the defense mechanisms, coping styles, coping reactions with acute and chronic stress, methods of functioning of cancer patient’s family are assessed, allows a psychiatrist to obtain essential information about psychopathological status of a patient within the first (and often the only) appointment. A multidimensional diagnostic approach helps to assess the involvement of various damaging factors in a patient’s current mental status. Conclusion made by a psychiatrist in terms of the taxonomic systems of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (ICD) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) allows him to provide information to an oncologist in a uniquely interpretable (standardized) form. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.