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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2020-19-1-82-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ МУТАЦИЙ ГЕНА KRAS У БОЛЬНЫХ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНЫМ РАКОМ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПОЛА, ВОЗРАСТА И РАСЫ В ПОПУЛЯЦИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KRAS GENE MUTATIONS AND GENDER, AGE AND RACE IN COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS RESIDING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-5983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайдарова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaydarova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, председатель правления</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 55263578700 Казахстан, г. Алматы, 050000, пр. Абая, 91 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 55263578700</p><p>91, Abaya avenue, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akaldygul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-8581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смагулова</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smagulova</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением химиотерапии</p><p>SPIN‑код: 3972‑5214Казахстан, г. Алматы, 050000, пр. Абая, 91 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91, Abaya avenue, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичуа</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichua</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91, Abaya avenue, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уколова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukolova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91, Abaya avenue, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курманкулова</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmankulova</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91, Abaya avenue, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-1255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишкинин</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishkinin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>91, Abaya avenue, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский НИИ онкологии и радиологии</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кайдарова Д.Р., Смагулова К.К., Чичуа Н.А., Уколова Е.А., Курманкулова А.Ж., Ишкинин Е.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кайдарова Д.Р., Смагулова К.К., Чичуа Н.А., Уколова Е.А., Курманкулова А.Ж., Ишкинин Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaydarova D.R., Smagulova K.K., Chichua N.A., Ukolova E.A., Kurmankulova A.Z., Ishkinin E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1326">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1326</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>В 2016 г</title><p>В 2016 г. в Республике Казахстан впервые зарегистрировано 3 158 больных колоректальным раком (КРР), умерло 1 484 человека. В структуре смертности рак прямой кишки и рак ободочной кишки заняли 8-е и 5-е ранговые места соответственно. Одним из наиболее значимых событий в молекулярном патогенезе КРР является активирующая мутация в онкогене KRAS. В последнее время в разных странах проводятся исследования частоты мутации гена KRAS и анализ ее взаимосвязи с клиническим течением КРР. Влияние пола и возраста на статус гена KRAS при КРР остается предметом для дискуссий. </p><p>Целью исследования явилось изучение зависимости статуса гена KRAS от пола, возраста, расы у больных с КРР в Республике Казахстан. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Изучены данные о 332 больных КРР, зарегистрированных по всей республике с 2010 по 2014 г. KRAS-тест проводили, используя наборы BioLink для выявления мутаций в 12 и 13 кодонах экзона 2, аллель-специфичным ПЦР-методом. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В проведенном нами исследовании впервые определена частота мутаций гена KRAS у пациентов с КРР в Республике Казахстан – 44,9 %, которая близка по своему значению к международной ~40 %. Частота мутаций в исследуемых кодонах среди женщин и мужчин была одинакова. При анализе частоты мутации гена KRAS выявлено, что среди больных обоих полов чаще наблюдалась мутация G12D. Наиболее редкие мутации были G12C, G12S, которые встречались у обоих полов в ≥5 % случаев. Анализ  зависимости мутации от расы пациентов выявил некоторое преобладание дикого типа у азиатской группы – 94 (51,4 %), тогда как у европейцев чаще выявлялась мутация гена KRAS – у 81 (54,4 %) пациента. Мутация гена KRAS чаще наблюдалась в группе пациентов старшего возраста.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2016 3158 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan, out of them, 1,484 patients died. Colorectal and colon cancers are the 8th and the 5th leading causes of mortality, respectively. One of the most significant events in the molecular pathogenesis of CRC is an activating mutation in the KRAS oncogene. Recently, studies of the KRAS gene mutation and analysis of its relation with the clinical course of CRC have been carried out in different countries. The effect of gender and age on the KRAS gene status in CRC remains a subject for discussion. </p><p>The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the KRAS gene status and gender, age and race in colorectal cancer patients residing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. </p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Data on 332 patients with CRC for the period from 2010 to 2014 were studied. KRAS test was performed using BioLink kits to detect mutations in 12 and 13 codons of 2 exon using allele-specific PCR method. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In our study, the frequency of KRAS gene mutations in CRC patients residing in the Republic of Kazakhstan was 44.9 %. The frequency of mutations in the studied codons among women and men was the same. When analyzing the mutation frequency of the KRAS gene, it was revealed that among both sexes the G12D mutation was more often observed. The least common mutations were G12C, G12S, which occurred in both sexes (up to 5 % of cases). The analysis of the dependence of the mutation on the race of the patients revealed some predominance of the wild type in the Asian group – 94 (51.4 %), while Europeans were more often detected with the KRAS mutation – in 81 (54.4 %) patients. Mutation of the KRAS gene was more frequently observed in the group of older patients. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические исследования</kwd><kwd>мутация Kras</kwd><kwd>дикий тип</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic studies</kwd><kwd>Kras mutation</kwd><kwd>wild type</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. International agency for research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012 [Internet]. URL: https://www.iarc.fr/group‑publication/cancer‑incidence‑and‑mortality‑worldwide‑sources‑methods‑and‑major‑patterns‑in‑globocan‑2012 (cited 11.04.2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. International agency for research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012 [Internet]. 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