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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2020-19-3-122-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМУ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЮ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ КЛЕТОК ОПУХОЛИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА К ХИМИОТЕРАПИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DETERMINATION OF CHEMORESISTANCE OF HUMAN CANCER CELLS TO ANTI-CANCER DRUGS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-6833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией канцерогенных веществ отдела химического канцерогенеза, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24;</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 62</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of Laboratory of Carcinogenic Substances of the Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478-Moscow;</p><p>62, Miklouho-Maclay Street, 117198-Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kkirsanov85@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела химического канцерогенеза, </p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478-Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетисов</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetisov</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь отдела химического канцерогенеза,</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant Researcher, Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478-Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-9637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесовая</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesovaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела химического канцерогенеза, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24;</p><p>390026, г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478-Moscow;</p><p>9, Vysokovoltnaya Street, 390026-Ryazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белицкий</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belitskiy</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела химического канцерогенеза,</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478-Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-8178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубовская</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubovskaya</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом химического канцерогенеза,</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Head of Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478-Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина»&#13;
Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина»&#13;
Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина»&#13;
Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина»&#13;
Минздрава России&#13;
115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирсанов К.И., Кузин К.А., Фетисов Т.И., Лесовая Е.А., Белицкий Г.А., Якубовская М.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирсанов К.И., Кузин К.А., Фетисов Т.И., Лесовая Е.А., Белицкий Г.А., Якубовская М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirsanov K.I., Kuzin K.A., Fetisov T.I., Lesovaya E.A., Belitskiy G.A., Yakubovskaya M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1496">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1496</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – анализ существующих методических подходов к экспериментальному тестированию резистентности к химиотерапии и оценка перспектив их дальнейшего применения.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. При подготовке обзора были проанализированы статьи по теме экспериментального тестирования резистентности опухоли к химиопрепаратам, имеющиеся в информационных базах биомедицинской литературы SciVerse Scopus (748), PubMed (1727), Web of Science (1025), РИНЦ (125). Для получения полнотекстовых документов были использованы электронные ресурсы Research Gate, РИНЦ, КиберЛенинка. В тексте обзора были процитированы 42 современные публикации (2012–19 гг.), а также 18 статей основоположников методик, анализируемых в обзоре, которые используются и в наши дни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В обзоре рассмотрены особенности основных методов оценки резистентности/чувствительности опухолевых клеток, получаемых из биопсийного/операционного материала к различным химиопрепаратам при их культивировании in vitro в монослое и суспензионных культурах, в виде сфероидов, гисто- и органокультур, а также при получении in vivo ксенографтов опухоли на иммунодефицитных мышах. При тестировании в качестве основных оцениваемых характеристик опухолевых клеток рассматриваются пролиферативная и метаболическая активность, уровень клеточной гибели. При этом основными показателями выступают интенсивность синтеза ДНК, уровень белка или АТФ в клетке, активность NADН-дегидрогеназ, уровень апоптоза, целостность клеточных структур. Обсуждены преимущества и недостатки описываемых методов, а также перспективы их дальнейшего применения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. За прошедшие полвека использования экспериментального тестирования резистентности опухолевых клеток в целях персонализации химиотерапевтического лечения произошедшая эволюция методических подходов заключалась в повышении безопасности их проведения и чувствительности за счет использования флуоресцентных соединений. Общий вектор совершенствования экспериментов по персонализации химиотерапии опухолей направлен на приближение условий эксперимента к процессам, происходящим в организме человека. Каждый из этих методов имеет свой диапазон предсказательной силы и при адекватном использовании может дать полезный ориентир для лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was to analyze the existing methodological approaches to the experimental testing of resistance to chemotherapy and assess the prospects for their further application.</p><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. We analyzed publications regarding the experimental testing of tumor resistance to chemotherapy available in the databases, such as SciVerse Scopus (748), PubMed (1727), Web of Science (1025), RSCI (125). To obtain fulltext publications, the electronic resources of Research Gate, RSCI, CyberLenink were used. Forty-two modern publications (2012–19) including 18 articles of the founders of the methods analyzed in the review were cited.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The review discusses the characteristics of the main methods for assessing the resistance / sensitivity of tumor cells obtained from biopsy / surgical specimens to various chemotherapy drugs in vitro in monolayer and suspension cultures, in the form of spheroids, histo and organocultures, as well as in vivo xenografts of tumors in immunodeficient mice. During testing, the proliferative and metabolic activities as well as the level of cell death were considered as the main evaluated characteristics of tumor cells. The main indicators were the intensity of DNA synthesis, the level of protein or ATP in the cell, the activity of NADH-dehydrogenases, the level of apoptosis, and the integrity of cell structures. The advantages and disadvantages of the described methods, as well as the prospects for their further application were discussed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Over the past half century of using the experimental testing of tumor cell resistance in order to personalize chemotherapeutic treatment, the evolution of methodological approaches was based on the increase in their safety and sensitivity through the use of fluorescent compounds. The general vector for improving experiments on the personalization of tumor chemotherapy is aimed at approximating the experimental conditions to the processes occurring in the human body. Each of these methods has its own range of predictive power and, if used properly, can provide a useful guide for treatment. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опухоль</kwd><kwd>культура клеток</kwd><kwd>гистокультуры</kwd><kwd>сфероиды</kwd><kwd>ксенографты</kwd><kwd>цитостатики</kwd><kwd>таргетные препараты</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tumor</kwd><kwd>cell culture</kwd><kwd>histoculture</kwd><kwd>spheroids</kwd><kwd>xenografts</kwd><kwd>cytostatics</kwd><kwd>targeted drugs</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта 18-29- 09095</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Имянитов Е.Н. Фундаментальная онкология в 2017 году: обзор наиболее интересных открытий. 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