<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2020-19-5-51-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1578</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>БЕЛКИ КЛЕТОЧНОЙ ПОДВИЖНОСТИ В КАРЦИНОМЕ ЭНДОМЕТРИЯ И ЭНДОМЕТРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРПЛАЗИИ: СВЯЗЬ С РИСКОМ РАЗВИТИЯ РАКА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CELL MOTILITY PROTEINS IN ENDOMETRIUM CARCINOMA AND ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA: ASSOCIATION WITH CANCER RISK</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-4177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнусова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yunusova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5;</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry,</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634050-Tomsk;</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt, 634050-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-736X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5;</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry,</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634050-Tomsk;</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt, 634050-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-2811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Department of Gynecology,</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634050-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-3274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колегова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolegova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник,</p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher,</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634050-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-9459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сиденко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, </p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate, </p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634050-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-8940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломиец</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomiets</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая отделением онкогинекологии, </p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5;</p><p>634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Professor, Head of Gynecology Department,</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634050-Tomsk;</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt, 634050-Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондакова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondakova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией биохимии опухолей, </p><p>634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry,</p><p>5, Kooperativny Street, 634050-Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kondakova@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юнусова Н.В., Спирина Л.В., Чернышова А.Л., Колегова Е.С., Сиденко Е.А., Коломиец Л.А., Кондакова И.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юнусова Н.В., Спирина Л.В., Чернышова А.Л., Колегова Е.С., Сиденко Е.А., Коломиец Л.А., Кондакова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yunusova N.V., Spirina L.V., Chernyshova A.L., Kolegova E.S., Sidenko E.A., Kolomiets L.A., Kondakova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1578">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1578</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Известно, что белки, связанные с клеточной подвижностью, играют важную роль в инвазии и метастазировании злокачественных опухолей, тем не менее нет данных об их связи с развитием новообразований, в том числе рака эндометрия (РЭ).</p><p>Целью исследования было изучение уровня актин-связывающих белков, p45-Ser-β-катенина и активности кальпаинов при гиперплазии эндометрия и при РЭ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Общая активность кальпаинов, уровни p45-Ser β-катенина, Arp3, гельзолина, кофиллина и тимозина β-4 были оценены у 43 больных раком эндометрия I–II стадии в постменопаузе и у 40 пациенток с гиперплазией эндометрия. Проточную цитометрию и вестерн-блоттинг использовали для определения экспрессии p45 Ser β-катенина и актин-связывающих белков. Общая активность кальпаинов оценивалась флуориметрическим методом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Уровни кофилина-1, тимозина β-4 и активность кальпаинов были выше в тканях злокачественных опухолей, чем при гиперплазии эндометрия. Уровни кофилина-1 и тимозина β-4 были связаны с глубиной инвазии рака эндометрия в миометрий. Содержание тимозина β-4 коррелировало с наличием инвазии опухоли в шейку матки. Выявленные корреляции между актин-связывающими белками, р45-Ser-β-катенином и общей активностью кальпаинов в ткани гиперплазии эндометрия, но не в ткани рака свидетельствуют об участии этих протеаз в регуляции клеточной миграции при гиперплазии эндометрия. Уровни тимозина-4, кофилина и общая активность кальпаинов являются независимыми факторами риска развития рака у пациентов с гиперплазией эндометрия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Уровень актин-связывающих белков, а также общая активность кальпаинов были повышены в тканях карциномы эндометрия по сравнению с гиперплазией эндометрия. Уровни тимозина-4, кофилина и общая активность кальпаинов в тканях гиперплазии эндометрия могут быть независимыми факторами риска развития рака. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Proteins associated with cellular motility are known to play an important role in invasion and metastasis of cancer, however there is no evidence of their association with the development of malignant tumors including endometrial cancer (EC).</p><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of actin-binding proteins, p45-Ser-β-catenin, and calpain activity in endometrial hyperplasia and in EC.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. Total calpain activity, p45-Ser β-catenin, Arp3, gelsolin, cofillin and thymosin β-4 levels were evaluated in 43 postmenopausal patients with stage I–II endometrioid EC and 40 endometrial hyperplasia patients. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were used for expression determination of p45 Ser β-catenin and actin-biding proteins. Total calpain activity was estimated by fluorimetric method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Levels of cofilin-1, thymosin β-4 and calpain activity were higher in cancer tissues than in endometrial hyperplasia. Cofilin-1 and thymosin β-4 levels were associated with the depth of myometrial invasion. The thymosin β-4 expression was correlated with the presence of tumor cervical invasion. Revealed correlations between the actin-binding proteins, p45-Ser-β-catenin and total calpain activity in endometrial hyperplasia tissue, but not in the tissue of cancer, is evidence of the involvement of these proteases in regulation of cell migration in endometrial hyperplasia. Levels of thymosin β-4, cofilin and total calpain activity are independent cancer risk factors in patients with endometrial hyperplasia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The level of actin-binding proteins as well as the total calpain activity were enhanced in endometrium carcinoma tissues compared to endometrial hyperplasia. The levels of thymosinβ-4, cofilin and total calpain activity in endometrial hyperplasia tissues are associated with a hyperplasia transition to cancer and may be considered as predictive biomarkers. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперплазия эндометрия</kwd><kwd>карцинома эндометрия</kwd><kwd>инвазия</kwd><kwd>актин-связывающие белки</kwd><kwd>p45-Ser-β-катенин</kwd><kwd>общая активность кальпаинов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometrial hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>endometrium carcinoma</kwd><kwd>invasion</kwd><kwd>actin- binding proteins</kwd><kwd>p45-Ser-β-catenin</kwd><kwd>total calpain activity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan; 68(1): 7–30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan; 68(1): 7–30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Felix A.S., Yang H.P., Bell D.W., Sherman M.E. Epidemiology of Endometrial Carcinoma: Etiologic Importance of Hormonal and Metabolic Influences. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017; 943: 3–46. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Felix A.S., Yang H.P., Bell D.W., Sherman M.E. Epidemiology of Endometrial Carcinoma: Etiologic Importance of Hormonal and Metabolic Influences. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017; 943: 3–46. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamal A., Tempest N., Parkes C., Alnafakh R., Makrydima S., Adishesh M., Hapangama D.K. Hormones and endometrial carcinogenesis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2016 Feb; 25(2): 129–48. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamal A., Tempest N., Parkes C., Alnafakh R., Makrydima S., Adishesh M., Hapangama D.K. Hormones and endometrial carcinogenesis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2016 Feb; 25(2): 129–48. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spirina L.V., Bochkareva N.V., Kondakova I.V., Kolomiets L.A., Shashova E.E., Koval’ V.D., Chernysheva A.L., Asadchikova O.N. Regulation of insulin-like growth factors and NF-kappaB by proteasome system in endometrial cancer. Mol Biol (Mosk). 2012 May-Jun; 46(3): 452–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spirina L.V., Bochkareva N.V., Kondakova I.V., Kolomiets L.A., Shashova E.E., Koval’ V.D., Chernysheva A.L., Asadchikova O.N. Regulation of insulin-like growth factors and NF-kappaB by proteasome system in endometrial cancer. Mol Biol (Mosk). 2012 May-Jun; 46(3): 452–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gawron I., Łoboda M., Babczyk D., Ludwin I., Basta P., Pityński K., Ludwin A. Endometrial cancer and hyperplasia rate in women before menopause with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial sampling. Przegl Lek. 2017; 74(4): 139–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gawron I., Łoboda M., Babczyk D., Ludwin I., Basta P., Pityński K., Ludwin A. Endometrial cancer and hyperplasia rate in women before menopause with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial sampling. Przegl Lek. 2017; 74(4): 139–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen M., Jin Y., Li Y., Bi Y., Shan Y., Pan L. Oncologic and reproductive outcomes after fertility-sparing management with oral progestin for women with complex endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Jan; 132(1): 34–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen M., Jin Y., Li Y., Bi Y., Shan Y., Pan L. Oncologic and reproductive outcomes after fertility-sparing management with oral progestin for women with complex endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Jan; 132(1): 34–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markowska A., Pawałowska M., Lubin J., Markowska J. Signalling pathways in endometrial cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2014; 18(3): 143–8. doi: 10.5114/wo.2014.43154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markowska A., Pawałowska M., Lubin J., Markowska J. Signalling pathways in endometrial cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2014; 18(3): 143–8. doi: 10.5114/wo.2014.43154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X.H., Li M., Kang Y.J., Xie Y.Q., Cao Y.X. Long non-coding RNA LINP1 functions as an oncogene in endometrial cancer progression by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Aug; 23(16): 6830–6838. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201908_18722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X.H., Li M., Kang Y.J., Xie Y.Q., Cao Y.X. Long non-coding RNA LINP1 functions as an oncogene in endometrial cancer progression by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Aug; 23(16): 6830–6838. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201908_18722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondakova I.V., Spirina L.V., Shashova E.E., Koval’ V.D., Kolomiets L.A., Chernysheva A.L., Slonimskaia E.M. Proteasome activity in tumors of female reproductive system. Bioorg Khim. 2012 Jan-Feb; 38(1): 106–10. doi: 10.1134/s106816201201013x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondakova I.V., Spirina L.V., Shashova E.E., Koval’ V.D., Kolomiets L.A., Chernysheva A.L., Slonimskaia E.M. Proteasome activity in tumors of female reproductive system. Bioorg Khim. 2012 Jan-Feb; 38(1): 106–10. doi: 10.1134/s106816201201013x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondakova I.V., Spirina L.V., Koval V.D., Shashova E.E., Choinzonov E.L., Ivanova E.V., Kolomiets L.A., Chernyshova A.L., Slonimskaya E.M., Usynin E.A., Afanas’ev S.G. Chymotrypsin-like activity and subunit composition of proteasomes in human cancers. Molecular Biology. 2014; 48(3): 384–389. doi: 10.1134/S002689331403011X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondakova I.V., Spirina L.V., Koval V.D., Shashova E.E., Choinzonov E.L., Ivanova E.V., Kolomiets L.A., Chernyshova A.L., Slonimskaya E.M., Usynin E.A., Afanas’ev S.G. Chymotrypsin-like activity and subunit composition of proteasomes in human cancers. Molecular Biology. 2014; 48(3): 384–389. doi: 10.1134/S002689331403011X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesina I.P., Iurchenko N.P., Buchynska L.G. Markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cells of endometrial carcinoma. Exp Oncol. 2018 Oct; 40(3): 218–222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesina I.P., Iurchenko N.P., Buchynska L.G. Markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cells of endometrial carcinoma. Exp Oncol. 2018 Oct; 40(3): 218–222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">dos Remedios C.G., Chhabra D., Kekic M., Dedova I.V., Tsubakihara M., Berry D.A., Nosworthy N.J. Actin binding proteins: regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr; 83(2): 433–73. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">dos Remedios C.G., Chhabra D., Kekic M., Dedova I.V., Tsubakihara M., Berry D.A., Nosworthy N.J. Actin binding proteins: regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr; 83(2): 433–73. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang H.C., Hu C.H., Tang M.C., Wang W.S., Chen P.M., Su Y. Thymosin beta4 triggers an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal carcinoma by upregulating integrin-linked kinase. Oncogene. 2007 Apr 26; 26(19): 2781–90. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210078.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang H.C., Hu C.H., Tang M.C., Wang W.S., Chen P.M., Su Y. Thymosin beta4 triggers an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal carcinoma by upregulating integrin-linked kinase. Oncogene. 2007 Apr 26; 26(19): 2781–90. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210078.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maimaiti Y., Tan J., Liu Z., Guo Y., Yan Y., Nie X., Huang B., Zhou J., Huang T. Overexpression of cofilin correlates with poor survival in breast cancer: A tissue microarray analysis. Oncol Lett. 2017 Aug; 14(2): 2288–2294. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.6413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maimaiti Y., Tan J., Liu Z., Guo Y., Yan Y., Nie X., Huang B., Zhou J., Huang T. Overexpression of cofilin correlates with poor survival in breast cancer: A tissue microarray analysis. Oncol Lett. 2017 Aug; 14(2): 2288–2294. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.6413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baczynska D., Bombik I., Malicka-Błaszkiewicz M. β-Catenin Expression Regulates Cell Migration of Human Colonic Adenocarcinoma Cells Through Gelsolin. Anticancer Res. 2016; 36(10): 5249–56. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.11095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baczynska D., Bombik I., Malicka-Błaszkiewicz M. β-Catenin Expression Regulates Cell Migration of Human Colonic Adenocarcinoma Cells Through Gelsolin. Anticancer Res. 2016; 36(10): 5249–56. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.11095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazazian K., Go C., Wu H., Brashavitskaya O., Xu R., Dennis J.W., Gingras A.C., Swallow C.J. Plk4 Promotes Cancer Invasion and Metastasis through Arp2/3 Complex Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton. Cancer Res. 2017 Jan 15; 77(2): 434–447. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2060.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazazian K., Go C., Wu H., Brashavitskaya O., Xu R., Dennis J.W., Gingras A.C., Swallow C.J. Plk4 Promotes Cancer Invasion and Metastasis through Arp2/3 Complex Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton. Cancer Res. 2017 Jan 15; 77(2): 434–447. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2060.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowser J.L., Blackburn M.R., Shipley G.L., Molina J.G., Dunner K.Jr., Broaddus R.R. Loss of CD73-mediated actin polymerization promotes endometrial tumor progression. J Clin Invest. 2016 Jan; 126(1): 220–38. doi: 10.1172/JCI79380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowser J.L., Blackburn M.R., Shipley G.L., Molina J.G., Dunner K.Jr., Broaddus R.R. Loss of CD73-mediated actin polymerization promotes endometrial tumor progression. J Clin Invest. 2016 Jan; 126(1): 220–38. doi: 10.1172/JCI79380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiewisz J., Wasniewski T., Kmiec Z. Participation of WNT and β-Catenin in Physiological and Pathological Endometrial Changes: Association with Angiogenesis. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 854056. doi: 10.1155/2015/854056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiewisz J., Wasniewski T., Kmiec Z. Participation of WNT and β-Catenin in Physiological and Pathological Endometrial Changes: Association with Angiogenesis. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 854056. doi: 10.1155/2015/854056.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan D.W., Mak C.S., Leung T.H., Chan K.K., Ngan H.Y. Downregulation of Sox7 is associated with aberrant activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget. 2012 Dec; 3(12): 1546–56. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan D.W., Mak C.S., Leung T.H., Chan K.K., Ngan H.Y. Downregulation of Sox7 is associated with aberrant activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget. 2012 Dec; 3(12): 1546–56. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang E., Wang D., Li B., Ma H., Wang C., Guan L., Zhang H., Yi L., Li S. Capn4 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human melanoma cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncol Rep. 2017 Jan; 37(1): 379–387. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.5247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang E., Wang D., Li B., Ma H., Wang C., Guan L., Zhang H., Yi L., Li S. Capn4 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human melanoma cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncol Rep. 2017 Jan; 37(1): 379–387. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.5247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bravo-Cordero J.J., Cordani M., Soriano S.F., Díez B., Muñoz-Agudo C., Casanova-Acebes M., Boullosa C., Guadamillas M.C., Ezkurdia I., González-Pisano D., Del Pozo M.A., Montoya M.C. A novel high-content analysis tool reveals Rab8-driven cytoskeletal reorganization through Rho GTPases, calpain and MT1-MMP. J Cell Sci. 2016 Apr 15; 129(8): 1734–49. doi: 10.1242/jcs.174920.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bravo-Cordero J.J., Cordani M., Soriano S.F., Díez B., Muñoz-Agudo C., Casanova-Acebes M., Boullosa C., Guadamillas M.C., Ezkurdia I., González-Pisano D., Del Pozo M.A., Montoya M.C. A novel high-content analysis tool reveals Rab8-driven cytoskeletal reorganization through Rho GTPases, calpain and MT1-MMP. J Cell Sci. 2016 Apr 15; 129(8): 1734–49. doi: 10.1242/jcs.174920.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu C., Yu X., Zhu Y., Cai Z., Yu L., Lin Y., Yu H., Xue Z., Zhou L. Overexpression of calpain 1 predicts poor outcome in patients with colorectal cancer and promotes tumor cell progression associated with downregulation of FLNA. Oncol Rep. 2019 Jun; 41(6): 3424–3434. doi: 10.3892/or.2019.7121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu C., Yu X., Zhu Y., Cai Z., Yu L., Lin Y., Yu H., Xue Z., Zhou L. Overexpression of calpain 1 predicts poor outcome in patients with colorectal cancer and promotes tumor cell progression associated with downregulation of FLNA. Oncol Rep. 2019 Jun; 41(6): 3424–3434. doi: 10.3892/or.2019.7121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanova E.V., Kondakova I.V., Spirina L.V., Afanas’ev S.G., Avgustinovich A.V., Cheremisina O.V. Chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasomes and total calpain activity in gastric and colorectal cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 Oct; 157(6): 781–4. doi: 10.1007/s10517-014-2666-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova E.V., Kondakova I.V., Spirina L.V., Afanas’ev S.G., Avgustinovich A.V., Cheremisina O.V. Chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasomes and total calpain activity in gastric and colorectal cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 Oct; 157(6): 781–4. doi: 10.1007/s10517-014-2666-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondakova I.V., Iunusova N.V., Spirina L.V., Kolomiets L.A., Villert A.B. Association of intracellular proteinase activities with the content of locomotor proteins in tissues of primary tumors and metastasis in ovarian cancer. Bioorg Khim. 2014 Nov-Dec; 40(6): 735–42. doi: 10.1134/s1068162014060089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondakova I.V., Iunusova N.V., Spirina L.V., Kolomiets L.A., Villert A.B. Association of intracellular proteinase activities with the content of locomotor proteins in tissues of primary tumors and metastasis in ovarian cancer. Bioorg Khim. 2014 Nov-Dec; 40(6): 735–42. doi: 10.1134/s1068162014060089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salehin D., Fromberg I., Haugk C., Dohmen B., Georg T., Bohle R.M., Bauerschlag D., Maass N., Friedrich M. Immunhistochemical analysis for expression of calpain 1, calpain 2 and calpastatin in endometrial cancer. Anticancer Res. 2010 Jul; 30(7): 2837–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salehin D., Fromberg I., Haugk C., Dohmen B., Georg T., Bohle R.M., Bauerschlag D., Maass N., Friedrich M. Immunhistochemical analysis for expression of calpain 1, calpain 2 and calpastatin in endometrial cancer. Anticancer Res. 2010 Jul; 30(7): 2837–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandmann S., Prenzel F., Shaw L., Schauer R., Unger T. Activity profile of calpains I and II in chronically infarcted rat myocardium-- influence of the calpain inhibitor CAL 9961. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Apr; 135(8): 1951–8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandmann S., Prenzel F., Shaw L., Schauer R., Unger T. Activity profile of calpains I and II in chronically infarcted rat myocardium-- influence of the calpain inhibitor CAL 9961. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Apr; 135(8): 1951–8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou J., Wang Y., Fei J., Zhang W. Expression of cofilin 1 is positively correlated with the differentiation of human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett. 2012 Dec; 4(6): 1187–1190. doi: 10.3892/ol.2012.897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou J., Wang Y., Fei J., Zhang W. Expression of cofilin 1 is positively correlated with the differentiation of human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett. 2012 Dec; 4(6): 1187–1190. doi: 10.3892/ol.2012.897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gun B.D., Bahadir B., Bektas S., Barut F., Yurdakan G., Kandemir N.O., Ozdamar S.O. Clinicopathological significance of fascin and CD44v6 expression in endometrioid carcinoma. Diagn Pathol. 2012 Jul 11; 7: 80. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gun B.D., Bahadir B., Bektas S., Barut F., Yurdakan G., Kandemir N.O., Ozdamar S.O. Clinicopathological significance of fascin and CD44v6 expression in endometrioid carcinoma. Diagn Pathol. 2012 Jul 11; 7: 80. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishimura S., Tsuda H., Kataoka F., Arao T., Nomura H., Chiyoda T., Susumu N., Nishio K., Aoki D. Overexpression of cofilin 1 can predict progression-free survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer receiving standard therapy. Hum Pathol. 2011 Apr; 42(4): 2012‒21. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.07.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishimura S., Tsuda H., Kataoka F., Arao T., Nomura H., Chiyoda T., Susumu N., Nishio K., Aoki D. Overexpression of cofilin 1 can predict progression-free survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer receiving standard therapy. Hum Pathol. 2011 Apr; 42(4): 2012‒21. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.07.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ji P., Diederichs S., Wang W., Böing S., Metzger R., Schneider P.M., Tidow N., Brandt B., Buerger H., Bulk E., Thomas M., Berdel W.E., Serve H., Müller-Tidow C. MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene. 2003 Sep 11; 22(39): 8031–41. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ji P., Diederichs S., Wang W., Böing S., Metzger R., Schneider P.M., Tidow N., Brandt B., Buerger H., Bulk E., Thomas M., Berdel W.E., Serve H., Müller-Tidow C. MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene. 2003 Sep 11; 22(39): 8031–41. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noske A., Denkert C., Schober H., Sers C., Zhumabayeva B., Weichert W., Dietel M., Wiechen K. Loss of Gelsolin expression in human ovarian carcinomas. Eur J Cancer. 2005; 41(3): 461–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.10.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noske A., Denkert C., Schober H., Sers C., Zhumabayeva B., Weichert W., Dietel M., Wiechen K. Loss of Gelsolin expression in human ovarian carcinomas. Eur J Cancer. 2005; 41(3): 461–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.10.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng H.C., Zheng Y.S., Li X.H., Takahashi H., Hara T., Masuda S., Yang X.H., Guan Y.F., Takano Y. Arp2/3 overexpression contributed to pathogenesis, growth and invasion of gastric carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2008 Jul-Aug; 28(4B): 2225–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng H.C., Zheng Y.S., Li X.H., Takahashi H., Hara T., Masuda S., Yang X.H., Guan Y.F., Takano Y. Arp2/3 overexpression contributed to pathogenesis, growth and invasion of gastric carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2008 Jul-Aug; 28(4B): 2225–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon Y.J., Han Y.M., Choi J., Lee Y.J., Yun J., Lee S.K., Lee C.W., Kang J.S., Chi S.W., Moon J.H., Lee S., Han D.C., Kwon B.M. Benproperine, an ARPC2 inhibitor, suppresses cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019 May; 163: 46–59. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon Y.J., Han Y.M., Choi J., Lee Y.J., Yun J., Lee S.K., Lee C.W., Kang J.S., Chi S.W., Moon J.H., Lee S., Han D.C., Kwon B.M. Benproperine, an ARPC2 inhibitor, suppresses cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019 May; 163: 46–59. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spirina L.V., Yunusova N.V., Kondakova I.V., Kolomiets L.A., Koval V.D., Chernyshova A.L., Shpileva O.V. Association of growth factors, HIF-1 and NF-κB expression with proteasomes in endometrial cancer. Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Sep; 39(9): 8655–62. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-1720-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spirina L.V., Yunusova N.V., Kondakova I.V., Kolomiets L.A., Koval V.D., Chernyshova A.L., Shpileva O.V. Association of growth factors, HIF-1 and NF-κB expression with proteasomes in endometrial cancer. Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Sep; 39(9): 8655–62. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-1720-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
