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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-1-16-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOGICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГЕНДЕРНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GENDER SPECIFICITY OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-168X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гатауллин</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gataullin</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры онкологии, радиологии и паллиативной медицины; врач-онколог</p><p>SPIN-код: 2977-2970. Author ID (РИНЦ): 910387. Researcher ID (WOS): E-7025-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 57204905906Россия, 420015, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 34 Россия, 420029, г. Казань, Сибирский тракт, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Palliative Medicine</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): E-7025-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 57204905906</p><p>34, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420015, Russia 29, sibirsky trakt, Kazan, 420029, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bulatg@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанов</surname><given-names>Р. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanov</surname><given-names>R. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой онкологии, радиологии и паллиативной медицины</p><p>SPIN-код: 9198-5889. AuthorID (РИНЦ): 583867 Россия, 420015, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Oncology,Radiology and Palliative Medicine</p><p>34, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420015, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-7744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelyev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры моделирования экологических систем, Институт экологии и  природопользования </p><p>SPIN-код: 5507-7958. Researcher ID (WOS): M-1804-2016. Author ID (Scopus): 7005725840</p><p>Россия, 420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлёвская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Modeling Ecological Systems, Institute of Ecology and Nature Management</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): M-1804-2016. Author ID (Scopus): 7005725840</p><p>18, Kremlevskaya str., Kazan, 420008, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5115-6388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гатауллин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gataullin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры онкологии, радиологии и паллиативноймедицины</p><p>SPIN-код: 3049-2957. AuthorID (РИНЦ): 178066. Researcher ID (WOS): В-1445-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 57021639200Россия, 420015, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Palliative Medicine</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): В-1445-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 57021639200</p><p>34, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420015, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan state medical academy – branch of the Russian medical academy of continuing professional education of the ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Republican clinical cancer center of the ministry of health of the Republic of tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan state medical academy – branch of the Russian medical academy of continuing professional education of the ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВПО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гатауллин Б.И., Хасанов Р.Ш., Савельев А.А., Гатауллин И.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гатауллин Б.И., Хасанов Р.Ш., Савельев А.А., Гатауллин И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gataullin B.I., Khasanov R.S., Savelyev A.A., Gataullin I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1687">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1687</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – разработать экспертную систему на основе построения «дерева решений» для прогноза 5-летней выживаемости больных колоректальным раком. </p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включены 654 пациента с колоректальным  раком, находившихся на лечении с 2013 по 2015 г., из них – 434 мужчины и 220 женщин. Средний возраст больных составлял 64,1 ± 10,2 года. Всем пациентам проведен генетический анализ на наличие мутации в гене K-ras из первичной опухоли. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В Республике Татарстан имеются региональные особенности мутации гена K-ras: частота мутаций в опухолях у мужчин встречалась реже (20,3 %), чем у женщин (37,7 %), у пациентов славянской национальности мутации встречались несколько чаще, чем у татар, – 39 % и 21 % соответственно. Гендерный подход к оценке  отдаленных результатов лечения показал, что у мужчин, больных колоректальным  раком, наиболее благоприятные результаты лечения наблюдали у пациентов с опухолями в стадии t1–2N0m0 независимо от дифференцировки опухоли и ее  мутационного статуса. Прогностически неблагоприятными следует считать у мужчин низкодифференцированные опухоли с любым Т, с наличием регионарных метастазов и мутацией гена K-ras, даже при отсутствии отдаленных метастазов: 5 лет не прожил ни один пациент. У женщин на основе построения «дерева решений» наиболее  благоприятные результаты лечения наблюдали у пациенток с опухолями в стадии t1–2– 3N0m0 в возрасте до 70 лет (5-летняя выживаемость – 90 %), с опухолями t1–2N0m0 – в возрасте старше 70 лет (5-летняя выживаемость – 81,8 %) независимо от дифференцировки опухоли и ее мутационного статуса. Прогностически неблагоприятными для женщин являются опухоли любой дифференцировки стадии Т3–4N0 с наличием отдаленных метастазов (5 лет прожили 6 % пациенток) и  низкодифференцированные опухоли Т4N0m0 (5-летняя выживаемость – 8 %). </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследование гендерно- и возраст-ассоциированных особенностей колоректального рака актуально для выбора эффективных диагностических и лечебных мероприятий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study: to develop an expert system based on the construction of a «decision tree» for predicting the 5-year survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. T he study included 654 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated from 2013 to 2015, including 434 men and 220 women. The average age of patients was 64,1 ± 10,2 years. All patients underwent genetic analysis for the presence of a mutation in the K-ras gene from the primary tumor.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. For the Republic of Tatarstan, there are regional features of mutation of the K-ras gene: the frequency of mutations in tumors in men was less frequent (20.3 %) than in women (37.7 %), in patients of Slavic nationality, mutations were slightly more frequent – 39 % than in Tatars – 21 %. The gender approach to assessing long-term treatment results showed that in men with colorectal cancer, the most favorable treatment results were observed in patients with tumors in stage T1–2N0M0, regardless of the differentiation of the tumor and its mutational status. Low-grade tumors with any T should be considered prognostically unfavorable in men, with the presence of regional metastases and mutation of the K-ras gene, even in the absence of distant metastases: no patient lived 5 years. Based on the construction of a «decision tree», the most favorable treatment results were observed in female patients with tumors in stage T1–2–3N0M0 at the age of 70 years (5-year survival rate of 90 %), with tumors T1–2N0M0 at the age of 70 years (5-year survival rate of 81.8 %), regardless of the tumor differentiation and its mutational status. Tumors of any differentiation are prognostically unfavorable for women of the T3–4N0 stage with the presence of distant metastases (6 % of patients lived 5 years) and lowdifferentiated stage T4N0M0 tumors (5-year survival rate of 8 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. G ender- and age-associated features of the development and course of CRC are relevant for oncologists to choose effective diagnostic and therapeutic measures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>гендерное распределение</kwd><kwd>мутация гена K-ras</kwd><kwd>региональные особенности</kwd><kwd>отдаленные результаты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>K-ras gene mutation</kwd><kwd>regional features</kwd><kwd>long-term results</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Siegel R.L., Torre L.A., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 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