<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-4-64-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1866</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭКСПРЕССИЯ ФАКТОРА РОСТА ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ СОСУДОВ И ЕГО РЕЦЕПТОРОВ ПЕРВОГО И ВТОРОГО ТИПОВ В КЛЕТКАХ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ОПУХОЛИ У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ ПОЧКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPRESSION OF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS RECEPTORS (VEGFR-1 AND VEGFR-2) IN PRIMARY TUMOR CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CANCER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-3492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоченков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khochenkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией биомаркеров и механизмов опухолевого ангиогенеза, НИИ экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей</p><p> SPIN-код: 9588-1183. AuthorID (РИНЦ): 163668</p><p> Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p><p> Россия, 445020, г. Тольятти, Белорусская улица, 14 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Tumor Angiogenesis, Research Institute for Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors </p><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia</p><p>14, Belorusskaya Street, 445020, Togliatti, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khochenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник урологического отделения, НИИ клинической онкологии им.  академика РАН и РАМН Н.Н. Трапезникова</p><p> Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> MD, DSc, Leading Researcher of the Urology Department of the Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Oncology named after N.N. Trapeznikov </p><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> директор</p><p> Россия, 109147, г. Москва, пер. Маяковского, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Director</p><p> 2, Moyakovskogo Per., 109147, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-564X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> врач-онколог отделения организации и проведения клинических исследований, НИИ клинической онкологии им. академика РАН и РАМН Н.Н. Трапезникова</p><p> Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> MD, Oncologist, Department of Clinical Research, Research Institute of Clinical Oncology named after N. Trapeznikov </p><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-5495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоченкова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khochenkova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биомаркеров и механизмов опухолевого ангиогенеза, НИИ экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей</p><p>SPIN-код: 6470-1577. AuthorID (РИНЦ): 674364</p><p> Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Tumor Angiogenesis, Research Institute for Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors </p><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-4707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломко</surname><given-names>Э. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomko</surname><given-names>E. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биомаркеров и механизмов опухолевого ангиогенеза, НИИ экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей</p><p>SPIN-код: 4091-1088. AuthorID (РИНЦ): 734560</p><p> Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Tumor Angiogenesis, Research Institute for Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors </p><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1370-5398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашуба</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashuba</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> лаборант-исследователь лаборатории биомаркеров и механизмов опухолевого ангиогенеза, НИИ экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей</p><p> Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Tumor Angiogenesis, Research Institute for Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors </p><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий урологическим отделением, НИИ клинической онкологии им. академика РАН и РАМН Н.Н. Трапезникова</p><p> Россия, 115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> MD, Head of Urology Department of the Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Oncology named after N.N. Trapeznikov </p><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБОУ «Тольяттинский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
Togliatti State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНО «Бюро по изучению рака почки»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bureau of Kidney Cancer Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хоченков Д.А., Волкова М.И., Тимофеев И.В., Ольшанская А.С., Хоченкова Ю.А., Соломко Э.Ш., Ашуба С.А., Матвеев В.Б., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хоченков Д.А., Волкова М.И., Тимофеев И.В., Ольшанская А.С., Хоченкова Ю.А., Соломко Э.Ш., Ашуба С.А., Матвеев В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khochenkov D.A., Volkova M.I., Timofeev I.V., Olshanskaya A.S., Khochenkova Y.A., Solomko E.S., Ashuba S.A., Matveev V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1866">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1866</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить экспрессию фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VegF-a) и его рецепторов VegFR-1 и VegFR-2 в клетках почечно-клеточного рака и оценить влияние уровней экспрессии данных маркеров на характеристики опухолевого процесса и прогноз больных.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 65 больных раком почки pt1a–t4N0/+m0/+. Пациенты, подвергнутые радикальному хирургическому вмешательству, находились под динамическим наблюдением. Для исследования использовали гистологические образцы опухолевой ткани, полученные при оперативном удалении новообразования. Во всех случаях выполнялось рутинное морфологическое исследование. Экспрессию VegFa, VegFR-1, -2 изучали методом иммуногистохимического окрашивания с использованием соответствующих антител к рецепторам и ростовым факторам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В цитоплазме и на мембране клеток первичной опухоли больных раком почки обнаружена экспрессия VegF и его рецепторов VegFR-1, -2. Отмечена значимая прямая корреляция гиперэкспрессии изучаемых маркеров со степенью анаплазии g 3-4 (VegFR-1, -2) и признаками значительной распространенности опухолевого процесса, включая высокую категорию рТ (VegFR-1, -2), больший размер первичной опухоли (VegFR-1, -2), опухолевую инвазию паранефрия (VegF, VegFR-1), опухолевый венозный тромбоз (VegFR-1, -2), множественные метастазы (VegF-2), метастазы в надпочечнике (VegF, VegFR-2) и печени (VegFR-1) (р&lt;0,05). Отмечена тенденция к значимому влиянию на риск прогрессирования рака почки после циторедуктивной нефрэктомии уровня экспрессии VegF (р=0,0821). Выявлена тенденция к значимому влиянию на риск смерти от рака почки у оперированных больных уровня экспрессии VegFR-2 (р=0,089). Других взаимосвязей экспрессии VegF-a/VegFR-1, -2 с прогнозом течения рака почки не обнаружено (р&gt;0,05 для всех).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На поверхности и в цитоплазме клеток первичной опухоли больных раком почки pt1a-t4N0/+m0/+ обнаружена экспрессия VegFa, а также его рецепторов VegFR-1 и VegFR-2. Отмечена достоверная корреляция гиперэкспрессии VegF/VegFR с высокой степенью анаплазии опухоли g3-4 и значительной распространенностью опухолевого процесса. В однофакторном анализе отмечено значимое неблагоприятное влияние на специфическую выживаемость гиперэкспрессии VegFR-2. В регрессионном анализе гиперэкспрессия VegFR-2 имела тенденцию к независимому влиянию на специфическую выживаемость. Полученные результаты показывают значение экспрессии VegF/VegFR в качестве биомаркеров при почечно-клеточном раке.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf-a) and its receptors (vegfr-1 and vegfr-2) in renal cell carcinoma (rcc) cells and assess the effect of the expression levels of these markers on the tumor characteristics and prognosis of patients with rcc.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 65 patients with rcc (pt1a-t4n0/+m0/+). All patients underwent radical surgery. Histological tumor tissue samples obtained during surgery were used for the study. Expression of vegfa, vegfr-1, -2 was studied by immunohistochemical staining using appropriate antibodies to receptors and growth factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Expression of vegf and vegfr-1 and vegfr-2 receptors was ound in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of primary tumor cells of patients with rcc. There was a significant direct correlation of overexpression of the markers with g 3-4 anaplasia (vegfr-1, -2) and signs of significant tumor extension, including high pt category (vegfr-1, -2), larger size of the primary tumor (vegfr-1 , -2), tumor invasion of paranephria (vegf, vegfr-1), tumor venous thrombosis (vegfr-1, -2), multiple metastases (vegf-2), metastases in the adrenal gland (vegf, vegfr-2) and liver (vegfr-1) (p&lt;0.05). There was a trend towards a significant effect of the level of vegf expression on the risk of progression of rcc after cytoreductive nephrectomy (p=0.0821). A tendency towards a significant effect of the level of vegfr-2 expression on the risk of death from rcc was revealed (p=0.089). No other relationships between the expression of vegf-a/vegfr-1, -2 and the prognosis of rcc were found (p&gt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Expression of vegfa, as well as vegfr-1 and vegfr-2 receptors, was found on the surface and in the cytoplasm of cells of the primary tumor of patients with rcc (pt1a-t4n0/+m0/+). There was a significant correlation between vegf/vegfr overexpression with a high grade (g3-4) tumor anaplasia and significant tumor extension. In univariate analysis, a significant adverse effect on specific survival of vegfr-2 overexpression was observed. In regression analysis, vegfr-2 overexpression tended to independently affect specific survival. These results show the importance of vegf/vegfr expression as biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечно-клеточная карцинома</kwd><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>фактор роста эндотелия сосудов</kwd><kwd>экспрессия рецепторов</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>vascular endothelial growth factor</kwd><kwd>receptor expression</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 19-15-00442)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011 Mar 4; 144(5): 646–74. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011 Mar 4; 144(5): 646–74. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heath V.L., Bicknell R. Anticancer strategies involving the vasculature. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009 Jul; 6(7): 395–404. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heath V.L., Bicknell R. Anticancer strategies involving the vasculature. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009 Jul; 6(7): 395–404. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J.C. Bevacizumab for patients with metastatic renal cancer: an update. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15; 10(18 Pt 2): 6367S–70S. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-050006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J.C. Bevacizumab for patients with metastatic renal cancer: an update. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15; 10(18 Pt 2): 6367S–70S. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-050006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deprimo S.E., Bello C.L., Smeraglia J., Shalinsky D.R., Freddo J., Baum C.M., Spinella D.G. Soluble protein biomarkers of pharmacodynamic activity of the multi-targeted kinase inhibitor SU11248 in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Cancer Res. 2005; 65: 108–108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deprimo S.E., Bello C.L., Smeraglia J., Shalinsky D.R., Freddo J., Baum C.M., Spinella D.G. Soluble protein biomarkers of pharmacodynamic activity of the multi-targeted kinase inhibitor SU11248 in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Cancer Res. 2005; 65: 108–108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Detre S., Saclani Jotti G., Dowsett M. A “quickscore” method for immunohistochemical semiquantitation: validation for oestrogen receptor in breast carcinomas. J Clin Pathol. 1995 Sep; 48(9): 876–8. doi: 10.1136/jcp.48.9.876.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Detre S., Saclani Jotti G., Dowsett M. A “quickscore” method for immunohistochemical semiquantitation: validation for oestrogen receptor in breast carcinomas. J Clin Pathol. 1995 Sep; 48(9): 876–8. doi: 10.1136/jcp.48.9.876.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minardi D., Santoni M., Lucarini G., Mazzucchelli R., Burattini L., Conti A., Bianconi M., Scartozzi M., Milanese G., Primio R.D., Montironi R., Cascinu S., Muzzonigro G. Tumor VEGF expression correlates with tumor stage and identifies prognostically different groups in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol. 2015 Mar; 33(3): 113.e1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.06.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minardi D., Santoni M., Lucarini G., Mazzucchelli R., Burattini L., Conti A., Bianconi M., Scartozzi M., Milanese G., Primio R.D., Montironi R., Cascinu S., Muzzonigro G. Tumor VEGF expression correlates with tumor stage and identifies prognostically different groups in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol. 2015 Mar; 33(3): 113.e1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.06.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minardi D., Lucarini G., Santoni M., Mazzucchelli R., Burattini L., Pistelli M., Bianconi M., Di Primio R., Scartozzi M., Montironi R., Cascinu S., Muzzonigro G. VEGF expression and response to sunitinib in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2013 Nov; 33(11): 5017–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minardi D., Lucarini G., Santoni M., Mazzucchelli R., Burattini L., Pistelli M., Bianconi M., Di Primio R., Scartozzi M., Montironi R., Cascinu S., Muzzonigro G. VEGF expression and response to sunitinib in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2013 Nov; 33(11): 5017–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lkhagvadorj S., Oh S.S., Lee M.R., Jung J.H., Chung H.C., Cha S.K., Eom M. VEGFR-1 Expression Relates to Fuhrman Nuclear Grade of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Lifestyle Med. 2014 Mar; 4(1): 64–70. doi: 10.15280/jlm.2014.4.1.64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lkhagvadorj S., Oh S.S., Lee M.R., Jung J.H., Chung H.C., Cha S.K., Eom M. VEGFR-1 Expression Relates to Fuhrman Nuclear Grade of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Lifestyle Med. 2014 Mar; 4(1): 64–70. doi: 10.15280/jlm.2014.4.1.64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobsen J., Grankvist K., Rasmuson T., Bergh A., Landberg G., Ljungberg B. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in human renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 2004 Feb; 93(3): 297–302. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.04605.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobsen J., Grankvist K., Rasmuson T., Bergh A., Landberg G., Ljungberg B. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in human renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 2004 Feb; 93(3): 297–302. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.04605.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortega N., Hutchings H., Plouët J. Signal relays in the VEGF system. Front Biosci. 1999 Feb 1; 4: D141–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortega N., Hutchings H., Plouët J. Signal relays in the VEGF system. Front Biosci. 1999 Feb 1; 4: D141–52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsuchiya N., Sato K., Akao T., Kakinuma H., Sasaki R., Shimoda N., Satoh S., Habuchi T., Ogawa O., Kato T. Quantitative analysis of gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-related factors and their receptors in renal cell carcinoma. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2001 Oct; 195(2): 101–13. doi: 10.1620/tjem.195.101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsuchiya N., Sato K., Akao T., Kakinuma H., Sasaki R., Shimoda N., Satoh S., Habuchi T., Ogawa O., Kato T. Quantitative analysis of gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-related factors and their receptors in renal cell carcinoma. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2001 Oct; 195(2): 101–13. doi: 10.1620/tjem.195.101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kluger H.M., Siddiqui S.F., Angeletti C., Sznol M., Kelly W.K., Molinaro A.M., Camp R.L. Classification of renal cell carcinoma based on expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors in both tumor cells and endothelial cells. Lab Invest. 2008 Sep; 88(9): 962–72. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kluger H.M., Siddiqui S.F., Angeletti C., Sznol M., Kelly W.K., Molinaro A.M., Camp R.L. Classification of renal cell carcinoma based on expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors in both tumor cells and endothelial cells. Lab Invest. 2008 Sep; 88(9): 962–72. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eronat O., Kandemir O., Onursever A. The expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, and insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 in renal cell carcinoma: Can these markers indicate poor prognosis in immunohistochemical examination? Clin Cancer Investig J. 2018; 7: 14. doi: 10.4103/ccij.ccij_84_17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eronat O., Kandemir O., Onursever A. The expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, and insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 in renal cell carcinoma: Can these markers indicate poor prognosis in immunohistochemical examination? Clin Cancer Investig J. 2018; 7: 14. doi: 10.4103/ccij.ccij_84_17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
