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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-5-58-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1916</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАЗРАБОТКА И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТРЕХМЕРНЫХ КЛЕТОЧНЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ СОЛИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛИЗАЦИИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISATION OF 3D SOLID TUMOUR CELL MODELS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED CANCER TREATMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4796-0386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела онкоиммунологии, </p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Immunology Oncology Department,</p><p>68, Leningradskaya Street, Pesochniy, 197758, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna_danilova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-4861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нехаева</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekhaeva</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела онкоиммунологии, </p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Immunology Oncology Department,</p><p>68, Leningradskaya Street, Pesochniy, 197758, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-2721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник отдела онкоиммунологии, </p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Immunology Oncology Department,</p><p>68, Leningradskaya Street, Pesochniy, 197758, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майдин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maydin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник отдела канцерогенеза и онкогеронтологии, </p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology,</p><p>68, Leningradskaya Street, Pesochniy, 197758, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-9843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорос</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedoros</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, руководитель отдела канцерогенеза и онкогеронтологии,</p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, </p><p>68, Leningradskaya Street, Pesochniy, 197758, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-4613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балдуева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baldueva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела онкоиммунологии, </p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Head of Immunology Oncology Department, </p><p>68, Leningradskaya Street, Pesochniy, 197758, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NMRC of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Данилова А.Б., Нехаева Т.Л., Ефремова Н.А., Майдин М.А., Федорос Е.И., Балдуева И.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Данилова А.Б., Нехаева Т.Л., Ефремова Н.А., Майдин М.А., Федорос Е.И., Балдуева И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Danilova A.B., Nekhaeva T.L., Efremova N.A., Maydin M.A., Fedoros E.I., Baldueva I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1916">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1916</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Для решения задач персонализированной медицины в онкологии важным становится этап предклинических исследований, основанный на использовании трехмерных клеточных моделей опухолей in vitro, в том числе сфероидов/тумороидов, которые представляют собой интересный инструмент для генетических, эпигенетических, биомедицинских и фармакологических исследований с целью определения наиболее эффективного индивидуального терапевтического подхода, так как позволяют моделировать динамическую эволюцию опухолевого заболевания от ранних стадий до метастатического распространения через взаимодействие с микроокружением.</p><p>Цель исследования – провести сравнительные исследования особенностей формирования и пространственной организации сфероидов, полученных из клеток солидных злокачественных новообразований различного гистогенеза: меланом (МК), сарком мягких тканей и остеогенных сарком (СМТ/ОС), эпителиальных опухолей (ЭОп).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Основой для создания 3D-клеточных моделей служили культуры клеток солидных опухолей пациентов, которые проходили лечение в ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» в 2015–21 гг. Фрагменты опухолевой ткани были получены интраоперационно: 15 образцов МК, 20 – СМТ/ОС и 9 – ЭОп. Все опухолевые клетки культивировали не менее 10 пассажей. Для изучения сфероидов были использованы методы фазовой контрастной, конфокальной микроскопии, гистологическая техника. С помощью методов ИФА и мультиплексного анализа были изучены супернатанты монослойных клеточных культур и сфероидов на предмет присутствия широкого спектра биологически активных веществ, обеспечивающих процессы иммуносупрессии, инвазии и метастазирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Использование низкоадгезивных поверхностей оказалось предпочтительным для получения сфероидов заданной посевной концентрации и интересующего размера. Среднее время культивирования сфероидов составило 4,7 сут, оптимальная посевная концентрация – 10 000 клеток на лунку, при этом диаметр сфероида варьировал от 300 до 1 000 мкм в зависимости от типа злокачественных клеток: самые крупные сфероиды формировали культуры МК. В целом эффективность образования сфероидов составила 88,6 % (39 из 44). Введение в 3D-конструкцию фибробластов приводило к усилению инвазивного потенциала опухолевых клеток, который был ассоциирован с продукцией IL8 (rho=0,636, p=0,035), HGF (rho=0,850, p=0,004), SCF (rho=0,857, p=0,014), FST (rho=0,685, p=0,029), Prolactin (rho=0,810, p=0,015), PECAM1 (rho=0,788, p=0,004). Заключение. Технология низкоадгезивных поверхностей позволяет успешно создавать трехмерные модели опухолевого узла из клеток злокачественных новообразований различного гистогенеза. Заселение трехмерной конструкции фибробластами усиливает биологически агрессивные свойства опухолевых клеток и демонстрирует сложные реципрокные взаимодействия между клеточными элементами стромы опухоли и малигнизированными клетками, что приближает модель к реальной клинической ситуации. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. To solve the problems of personalized medicine in oncology, preclinical studies based on the use of three-dimensional cellular models of tumors in vitro, including spheroids / tumoroids, are of great importance. They are an interesting tool for genetic, epigenetic, biomedical and pharmacological studies aiming to determine the most effective individual therapeutic approaches, since they allow modeling the dynamic evolution of a tumor disease from early stages to metastatic spread through interaction with the microenvironment.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to compare characteristic features of formation and spatial organization of spheroids, obtained from solid malignant tumors cells with various histogenesis: melanomas, soft tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas, epithelial tumors.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. Solid tumor cell lines of patients who were treated from 2015 to 2021 were the basis for the creation of 3D-cell models. Fragments of tumor tissue were obtained intraoperatively: 15 samples of melanoma, 20 samples of soft tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas, and 9 samples of epithelial tumors. All tumor cells were cultured for at least 10 passages. Methods of phase contrast, confocal microscopy, and histological techniques were used to study spheroids. Using ELISA methods and multiplex analysis, the supernatants of monolayer cell cultures and spheroids were studied for the presence of a wide range of biologically active substances that provide the processes of immunosuppression, invasion and metastasis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The use of low adhesion surfaces was proven to be preferable to obtain spheroids of a given seed concentration and size of interest. The average cultivation time of spheroids was 4.7 days, and the optimal seeding concentration was 10,000 cells per well, while the spheroid diameter varied from 300 to 1000 μm depending on the type of malignant cells: the largest spheroids formed melanoma cultures. In general, the efficiency of spheroid formation was 88.6 % (39 out of 44). The introduction of fibroblasts into the 3D construct led to increasing in the invasive potential of tumor cells, which was associated with the production of IL8 (rho=0.636, p=0.035), HGF (rho=0.850, p=0.004), SCF (rho=0.857, p=0.014), FST (rho=0.685, p=0.029), Prolactin (rho=0.810, p=0.015), PECAM1 (rho=0.788, p=0.004).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The technology of low-adhesive surfaces makes it possible to successfully create three-dimensional models of a tumor node from malignant tumors cells of various histogenesis. The colonization of a three-dimensional structure with fibroblasts enhances the biologically aggressive properties of tumor cells and demonstrates complex reciprocal interactions between the cellular elements of the tumor stroma and malignant cells, which brings the model closer to a real clinical situation. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>солидные опухоли</kwd><kwd>сфероиды</kwd><kwd>тумороиды</kwd><kwd>инвазивный потенциал</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>solid tumors</kwd><kwd>spheroids</kwd><kwd>tumoroids</kwd><kwd>invasive potential</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано грантом РФФИ #18-29-09014 мк. Авторы выражают благодарность аспиранту отдела биологии опухолевого роста НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. 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