<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-6-134-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-1996</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О роли аутофагии в прогрессировании дифференцированного рака щитовидной железы (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the role of autophagy in the progression of differentiated thyroid cancer (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-3650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарипов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garipov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> аспирант кафедры онкологии, радиологии и паллиативной медицины; врач-онколог онкологического отделения № 4</p><p>SPIN-код: 9013-7722</p><p>Россия, 420012, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36</p><p>Россия, 420029, г. Казань, ул. Сибирский тракт, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Postgraduate, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Palliative Medicine; Oncologist, Department No. 4</p><p>SPIN-код: 9013-7722 </p><p>36, Butlerova st., 420012, Kazan, Russia </p><p> 29, Sibirsky trakt, 420029, Kazan, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karimg@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6187-2983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьева</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanaseva</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры онкологии, радиологии и паллиативной; заведующая центром для диагностики и лечения больных раком щитовидной железы и других эндокринных органов </p><p>SPIN-код: 9921-0860. Researcher ID (WOS): AAE-2027-2020.  Author ID (Scopus): 57196436798</p><p>Россия, 420012, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36</p><p>Россия, 420029, г. Казань, ул. Сибирский тракт, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Professor, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Palliative Medicine; Head of the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Thyroid Cancer and Other Endocrine Organs </p><p>SPIN-код: 9921-0860. Researcher ID (WOS): AAE-2027-2020. Author ID (Scopus):  57196436798 </p><p> 36, Butlerova st., 420012, Kazan, Russia </p><p> 29, Sibirsky trakt, 420029, Kazan, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3749-3411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>З. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>Z. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры биохимии, биотехнологии и фармакологии; главный научный сотрудник НИЛ «Молекулярные основы патогенеза и терапии опухолевых заболеваний» ИФМиБ КФУ</p><p>SPIN-код: 5293-9741. Researcher ID: N-6976-2013. Author ID  (Scopus): 24833015100</p><p>Россия, 420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> DSc, Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology; Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Foundations of Pathogenesis and Therapy of Tumor Diseases,  Institute of Physics and Mathematics and Biology, Kazan Federal University  </p><p>SPIN-код: 5293-9741. Researcher ID: N-6976-2013. Author ID (Scopus): 24833015100 </p><p> 18, Kremlin st., 420008, Kazan, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education;&#13;
Republican Clinical Cancer Center of Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии, г. Казань, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal  University Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гарипов К.А., Афанасьева З.А., Абрамова З.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гарипов К.А., Афанасьева З.А., Абрамова З.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Garipov K.A., Afanaseva Z.A., Abramova Z.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1996">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/1996</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – анализ и обобщение данных современной литературы о роли аутофагии при раке щитовидной железы. Материал и методы. В обзор включены данные зарубежных и отечественных статей, найденных в базах данных pubmed и eliBRaRY.Ru, содержащие информацию о раке щитовидной железы и аутофагии. В тексте обзора были процитированы 34 современные публикации, соответствующие теме исследования. Результаты. В обзоре обсуждаются вопросы прогрессирования рака щитовидной железы и роли аутофагии, в этом процессе. Показано, что разработка стратегии терапии, модулирующей уровень аутофагии может повысить эффективность лечения данного заболевания. Рак щитовидной железы является одним из наиболее распространенных эндокринных злокачественных новообразований. Дифференцированный рак щитовидной железы (ДРЩЖ) является наиболее часто встречающейся злокачественной опухолью эндокринной системы. Лечение пациентов с ДРЩЖ, резистентным к терапии радиоактивным йодом, представляет собой серьёзную проблему. Молекулярно-таргетная терапия с использованием ингибиторов тирозинкиназы значительно улучшает результаты лечения. Заключение. Для усиления терапевтического эффекта лечения мультитаргетными ингибиторами тирозинкиназ, а также для преодоления лекарственной устойчивости и возможности внедрения новых технологий необходимо изучение роли аутофагии в развитии и прогрессировании рака щитовидной железы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to analyze and summarize available literature data on the role of autophagy in thyroid cancer. Material and methods. We analyzed 34 publications available from pubmed and elibrary. Ru databases concerning thyroid cancer and autophagy. Results. The review discussed the role of autophagy in the progression of thyroid cancer. The development of autophagy-targeted therapy was shown can improve treatment for thyroid cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancer (dtc) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Treatment of dtc patients who are resistant to radioactive iodine therapy is a major challenge. Molecular targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly improves treatment outcomes. Conclusion. To enhance the therapeutic effect of treatment with multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as to overcome drug resistance, it is necessary to study the role of autophagy in the development and progression of thyroid cancer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дифференцированный рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>резистентность к противоопухолевой терапии</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-направленная терапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы тирозинкиназы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dfferentiated thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>resistance to anticancer therapy</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>molecular-targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>tyrosine kinase inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородавина Е.В., Исаев П.А., Шуринов А.Ю., Румянцев П.О., Крылов В.В., Петросян К.М., Каприн А.Д., Иванов С.А., Подвязников С.О., Романов И.С., Мудунов А.М., Слащук К.Ю., Жихорев Р.С., Волконский М.В., Чагова Р.М., Суслова И.Р., Хряпа А.И., Лепшокова А.Х., Фадеева Н.Л., Сафарова А.Р., Калейкина Л.П., Лымарь Е.В., Чернякова Е.М., Снежко О.А., Зиньковская А.Е., Муфазалов Ф.Ф., Кузьмина Е.С., Дружинина Ю.В., Мусин Ш.И., Мухитова М.Р., Хасанова А.И., Сафина С.З., Кириенко С.Л. Эффективность и переносимость ленватиниба при радиойодрезистентном дифференцированном раке щитовидной железы по результатам многоцентрового наблюдательного исследования в Российской Федерации. Опухоли головы и шеи. 2020; 10(1): 65–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borodavina E.V., Isaev P.A., Shurinov A.Yu., Rumyantsev P.O., Krylov V.V., Petrosyan K.M., Kaprin A.D., Ivanov S.A., Podvyaznikov S.O., Romanov I.S., Mudunov A.M., Slashchuk K.Yu., Zhikhorev R.S., Volkonsky M.V., Chagova R.M., Suslova I.R., Khryapa A.I., Lepshokova A.Kh., Fadeeva N.L., Safarova A.R., Kaleikina L.P., Lymar E.V., Chernyakova E.M., Snezhko O.A., Zinkovskaya A.E. ,Mufazalov F.F.,Kuzmina E.S., Druzhinina Yu.V., Musin Sh.I., Mukhitova M.R., Khasanova A.I., Safina S.Z., Kirienko S.L. Efficacy and tolerability of lenvatinib in radioiodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer based on the results of a multicenter observational study in the Russian Federation. Head and neck Tumors. 2020; 10(1): 65–72. (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amaravadi R., Kimmelman A.C., White E. Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer. Genes Dev. 2016; 30(17): 1913–30. doi: 10.1101/gad.287524.116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amaravadi R., Kimmelman A.C., White E. Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer. Genes Dev. 2016; 30(17): 1913–30. doi: 10.1101/gad.287524.116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yun C.W., Lee S.H. The roles of autophagy in cance. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(11): 3466. doi: 10,3390 / ijms19113466</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yun C.W., Lee S.H. The roles of autophagy in cance. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(11): 3466. doi: 10,3390 / ijms19113466</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gewirtz D.A. The four faces of autophagy: Implications for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2014; 74: 647–651. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gewirtz D.A. The four faces of autophagy: Implications for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2014; 74: 647–651. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rabinowitz J.D., White E. Autophagy and metabolism. Science. 2010; 330 (6009): 1344–1348. doi: 10.1126/science.1193497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinowitz J.D., White E. Autophagy and metabolism. Science. 2010; 330 (6009): 1344–1348. doi: 10.1126 / science.1193497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galluzzi L., Pietrocola F., Bravo-San Pedro J.M., Amaravadi R.K., Baehrecke E.H., Cecconi F., Codogno P., Debnath J., Gewirtz D.A, Karantza V., Kimmelman A., Kumar S., Levine B., Maiuri M.C., Martin S.J., Penninger J., Piacentini M., Rubinsztein D.C., Simon H.-U., Simonsen A., Thorburn A.M., Velasco G., Ryan K.M., Kroemer G. Autophagy in malignant transformation and cancer progression. EMBO J. 2015; 34(7): 856–880. doi: 10.15252/embj.201490784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galluzzi L., Pietrocola F., Bravo-San Pedro J.M., Amaravadi R.K., Baehrecke E.H., Cecconi F., Codogno P., Debnath J., Gewirtz D.A, Karantza V., Kimmelman A., Kumar S., Levine B., Maiuri M.C., Martin S.J., Penninger J., Piacentini M., Rubinsztein D.C., Simon H.-U., Simonsen A., Thorburn A.M., Velasco G., Ryan K.M., Kroemer G. Autophagy in malignant transformation and cancer progression. EMBO J. 2015; 34(7): 856–880. doi: 10.15252/embj.201490784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burada F., Nicoli E.R., Ciurea M.E., Uscatu D.C., Ioana M., Gheonea D.I. Autophagy in colorectal cancer: An important switch from physiology to pathology. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015; 7(11): 271–284. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i11.271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burada F., Nicoli E.R., Ciurea M.E., Uscatu D.C., Ioana M., Gheonea D.I. Autophagy in colorectal cancer: An important switch from physiology to pathology. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015; 7(11): 271–284. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i11.271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su Z., Yang Z., Xu Y., Chen Y., Yu Q. Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer. 2015; 14: 48. doi: 10.1186/s12943-015-0321-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su Z., Yang Z., Xu Y., Chen Y., Yu Q. Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer. 2015; 14: 48. doi: 10.1186/s12943-015-0321-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kocaturk N.M., Akkoc Y., Kig C., Bayraktar O., Gozuacik D., Kutlu O. Autophagy as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019; 15(134): 116–137. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kocaturk N.M., Akkoc Y., Kig C., Bayraktar O., Gozuacik D., Kutlu O. Autophagy as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019; 15(134): 116–137. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tesselaar M.H., Crezee T., Schuurmans I., Gerrits D., Nagarajah J., Boerman O.C., Grunsven I.-van E.-van, Smit J.W.A, Netea-Maier R.T., Plantinga T.S. Digitalislike compounds restore hNIS expression and iodide uptake capacity in anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med. 2018; 59(5): 780–786. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.200675.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tesselaar M.H., Crezee T., Schuurmans I., Gerrits D., Nagarajah J., Boerman O.C., Grunsven I.-van E.-van, Smit J.W.A, Netea-Maier R.T., Plantinga T.S. Digitalislike compounds restore hNIS expression and iodide uptake capacity in anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med. 2018; 59(5): 780–786. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.200675.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Y., Yu X., Fan C., Wang H., Wang R., Feng C., Guan H. Targeting glutaminase-mediated glutamine dependence in papillary thyroid cancer. J Mol Med. 2018; 96(8): 777–790. doi: 10.1007 / s00109-018-1659-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Y., Yu X., Fan C., Wang H., Wang R., Feng C., Guan H. Targeting glutaminase-mediated glutamine dependence in papillary thyroid cancer. J Mol Med. 2018; 96(8): 777–790. doi: 10.1007 / s00109-018-1659-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei W., Hardin H., Luo Q.Y. Targeting autophagy in thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019; 26(4): 181–194. doi: 10.1530/ERC-18-0502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei W., Hardin H., Luo Q.Y. Targeting autophagy in thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019; 26(4): 181–194. doi: 10.1530/ERC-18-0502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">KimM.J.,WooS.J.,YoonC.H.,LeeJ.S.,AnS.,ChoiY.H.,HwangS.G., Yoon G., Lee S.J. Involvement of autophagy in oncogenic K-Ras-induced malignant cell transformation. Involvement of autophagy in oncogenic KRas-induced malignant cell transformation. J Biol Chem. 2011; 286(15): 12924–32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.138958</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">KimM.J.,WooS.J.,YoonC.H.,LeeJ.S.,AnS.,ChoiY.H.,HwangS.G., Yoon G., Lee S.J. Involvement of autophagy in oncogenic K-Ras-induced malignant cell transformation. Involvement of autophagy in oncogenic KRas-induced malignant cell transformation. J Biol Chem. 2011; 286(15): 12924–32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.138958</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fagin J.A., Wells S.A. Biologic and clinical perspectives on thyroid cancer. New Engl J Med. 2016; 375(23): 1054–1067. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1613118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fagin J.A., Wells S.A. Biologic and clinical perspectives on thyroid cancer. New Engl J Med. 2016; 375(23): 1054–1067. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1613118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morani F., Titone R., Pagano L., Galetto A., Alabiso O., Aimaretti G., Isidoro C. Autophagy and thyroid carcinogenesis: genetic and epigenetic links. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013; 21(1): 13–29. doi: 10.1530/ERC-13-0271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morani F., Titone R., Pagano L., Galetto A., Alabiso O., Aimaretti G., Isidoro C. Autophagy and thyroid carcinogenesis: genetic and epigenetic links. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013; 21(1): 13–29. doi: 10.1530/ERC-13-0271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vlahakis A., Graef M., Nunnari J., Powers T. TOR complex 2-Ypk1 signaling is an essential positive regulator of the general amino acid control response and autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014; 111(29): 10586–10591.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406305111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlahakis A., Graef M., Nunnari J., Powers T. TOR complex 2-Ypk1 signaling is an essential positive regulator of the general amino acid control response and autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014; 111(29): 10586–10591.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406305111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спирина Л.В., Чижевская С.Ю., Кондакова И.В., Тарасенко Н.В. Роль аутофагии в развитии опухолей щитовидной железы, связь с активацией AKT/m-TOR сигнального пути. Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология. 2019; 15(3): 110–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spirina L.V., Chizhevskaya S.Yu., Kondakova I.V., Tarasenko N.V. The role of autophagy in the development of thyroid tumors, connection with the activation of the AKT / m-TOR signaling pathway. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2019; 15(3): 110–117. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H.W., Kang., Zhao Y., Min I., Wyrwas B., Moore M., Teng L., Zarnegar R., Jiang X., Fahey T.J. Targeting autophagy sensitizes BRAFmutant thyroid cancer to vemurafenib. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 102(2): 634–643. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H.W., Kang., Zhao Y., Min I., Wyrwas B., Moore M., Teng L., Zarnegar R., Jiang X., Fahey T.J. Targeting autophagy sensitizes BRAFmutant thyroid cancer to vemurafenib. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 102(2): 634–643. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang Z.F., Shao L.J., Wang W.M., Yan X.B., Liu R.Y. Decreased expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 in human lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep. 2012; 39(1): 259–267. doi: 10.1007/s11033-011-0734-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang Z.F., Shao L.J., Wang W.M., Yan X.B., Liu R.Y. Decreased expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 in human lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep. 2012; 39(1): 259–267. doi: 10.1007/s11033-011-0734-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu J., Ren P., Zhong T., Wang Y., Yan M., Xue B., Li R., Dai C., Liu C., Chen G., Yu X.F. Pseudolaric acid B inhibits proliferation in SW579 human thyroid squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep. 2015; 12(5): 7195–7202. doi: 10,3892/mmr.2015.4418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu J., Ren P., Zhong T., Wang Y., Yan M., Xue B., Li R., Dai C., Liu C., Chen G., Yu X.F. Pseudolaric acid B inhibits proliferation in SW579 human thyroid squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep. 2015; 12(5): 7195–7202. doi: 10,3892/mmr.2015.4418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim H.M., Kim E.S., Koo J.S. Expression of autophagy-related proteins in different types of thyroid cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(3): 540. doi: 10,3390/ijms18030540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim H.M., Kim E.S., Koo J.S. Expression of autophagy-related proteins in different types of thyroid cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(3): 540. doi: 10,3390/ijms18030540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White E. Autophagy and p53. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2016; 6(4): a026120. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White E. Autophagy and p53. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2016; 6(4): a026120. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao P., Hao F., Dong X., QiuY. The role of autophagy and Beclin-1 in radiotherapy-induced apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2019; 12(3): 885–892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao P., Hao F., Dong X., QiuY. The role of autophagy and Beclin-1 in radiotherapy-induced apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2019; 12(3): 885–892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gundara J.S., Robinson B.G., Sidhu S.B. Evolution of the «autophagamiR». Autophagy. 2011; 7(12): 1553–1554. doi: 10.4161/auto.7.12.17762.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gundara J.S., Robinson B.G., Sidhu S.B. Evolution of the «autophagamiR». Autophagy. 2011; 7(12): 1553–1554. doi: 10.4161/auto.7.12.17762.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molinaro E., Romei C., Biagini A., Sabini E., Agate L., Mazzeo S., Materazzi G., Sellari-Franceschini S., Ribechini A., Torregrossa L., Basolo F., Vitti P., Elisei R. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from clinicopathology to genetics and advanced therapies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017; 13(11): 644–660. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molinaro E., Romei C., Biagini A., Sabini E., Agate L., Mazzeo S., Materazzi G., Sellari-Franceschini S., Ribechini A., Torregrossa L., Basolo F., Vitti P., Elisei R. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from clinicopathology to genetics and advanced therapies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017; 13(11): 644–660. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catalano M.G., Fortunati N., Pugliese M., Marano F., Ortoleva L., Poli R., Asioli S., Bandino A., Palestini N., Grange C., Bussolati B., Boccuzzi G. Histone deacetylase inhibition modulates E-cadherin expression and suppresses migration and invasion of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97(7): 1150–1159. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catalano M.G., Fortunati N., Pugliese M., Marano F., Ortoleva L., Poli R., Asioli S., Bandino A., Palestini N., Grange C., Bussolati B., Boccuzzi G. Histone deacetylase inhibition modulates E-cadherin expression and suppresses migration and invasion of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97(7): 1150–1159. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Füllgrabe J., Klionsky D.J., Histone B.J. Post-translational modifications regulate autophagy flux and outcome. Autophagy. 2013; 9(10): 1621–1623. doi: 10.4161/auto.25803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Füllgrabe J., Klionsky D.J., Histone B.J. Post-translational modifications regulate autophagy flux and outcome. Autophagy. 2013; 9(10): 1621–1623. doi: 10.4161/auto.25803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu K., Ren T., Huang Y., Sun K., Bao X., Wang S., Zheng B., Guo W. Apatinib promotes autophagy and apoptosis through VEGFR2/STAT3/BCL-2 signaling in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis. 2017; 8(8): 3015. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu K., Ren T., Huang Y., Sun K., Bao X., Wang S., Zheng B., Guo W. Apatinib promotes autophagy and apoptosis through VEGFR2/STAT3/BCL-2 signaling in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis. 2017; 8(8): 3015. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin C.I., Whang E.E., Abramson M.A., Jiang X., Price B.D., Donner D.B., Moore Jr. F.D., Ruan D.T. Autophagy: a new target for advanced papillary thyroid cancer therapy. Surgery. 2009; 146(6): 1208–1214. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.09.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin C.I., Whang E.E., Abramson M.A., Jiang X., Price B.D., Donner D.B., Moore Jr. F.D., Ruan D.T. Autophagy: a new target for advanced papillary thyroid cancer therapy. Surgery. 2009; 146(6): 1208–1214. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.09.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naoum G.E., Morkos M., Kim B., Arafat W. Novel targeted therapies and immunotherapy for advanced thyroid cancers. Mol Cancer. 2018; 17(1): 51. doi: 10.1186 / s12943-018-0786-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naoum G.E., Morkos M., Kim B., Arafat W. Novel targeted therapies and immunotherapy for advanced thyroid cancers. Mol Cancer. 2018; 17(1): 51. doi: 10.1186 / s12943-018-0786-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plantinga T.S., Tesselaar M.H., Morreau H., Corssmit E.P.M., Willemsen B.K., Kusters B., Grunsven A.C.E.-van, Smit J.W.A, NeteaMaierR.T. Autophagy activity is associated with membranous sodium iodide symporter expression and clinical response to radioiodine therapy in non-medullary thyroid cancer. Autophagy. 2016; 12(7): 1195–1205. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1174802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plantinga T.S., Tesselaar M.H., Morreau H., Corssmit E.P.M., Willemsen B.K., Kusters B., Grunsven A.C.E.-van, Smit J.W.A, NeteaMaierR.T. Autophagy activity is associated with membranous sodium iodide symporter expression and clinical response to radioiodine therapy in non-medullary thyroid cancer. Autophagy. 2016; 12(7): 1195–1205. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1174802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рябая О.О., Егорова А.В., Степанова Е.В. Роль аутофагии в механизме гибели опухолевых клеток. Успехи современной биологии. 2015; 135(2): 177–188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryabay O.O., Egorova A.V., StepanovaE.V. The role of autophagy in the mechanism of tumor cell death. Advances in Modern Biology. 2015; 135(2): 177–188. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W., Kang H., Zhao Y., Min I., Wyrwas B., Moore M., Teng L., Zarnegar R., Jiang X., Fahey T.J. Targeting autophagy sensitizes BRAFmutant thyroid cancer to vemurafenib. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 102(2): 634–643. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W., Kang H., Zhao Y., Min I., Wyrwas B., Moore M., Teng L., Zarnegar R., Jiang X., Fahey T.J. Targeting autophagy sensitizes BRAFmutant thyroid cancer to vemurafenib. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 102(2): 634–643. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng X., Wang H., Zhao J.,Hu L., Zhi J., Wei S., RuanX., Hou X., Li D., Zhang J., Yang W., Qian B., Wu Y., Zhang Y., Meng Z., Guan L., Zhang H., Zheng X., Gao M. Apatinib inhibits cell proliferation and induces autophagy in human papillary thyroid carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Front Oncol. 2020; 10(3): 217. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng X., Wang H., Zhao J.,Hu L., Zhi J., Wei S., RuanX., Hou X., Li D., Zhang J., Yang W., Qian B., Wu Y., Zhang Y., Meng Z., Guan L., Zhang H., Zheng X., Gao M. Apatinib inhibits cell proliferation and induces autophagy in human papillary thyroid carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Front Oncol. 2020; 10(3): 217. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
