oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-1-99-106oncotomsk-2032Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSКомбинированное и комплексное лечение больных раком молочной железы в условиях пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)Combination treatmnet of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemichttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415КапринА. Д.KaprinA. D.

Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич, академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАО, генеральный директор; директор; заведующий кафедрой урологии и оперативной нефрологии с курсом онкоурологии медицинского факультета

SPIN-код: 1759-8101

Россия, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр., 3

Россия, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр., 3

Россия, 117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

Andrey D. Kaprin, MD, Professor, Academician of the RAS, Corresponding Member of the RAE, General Director; Director; Head of Urology Department

SPIN-code: 1759-8101

3, 2nd Botkinsky Ave., 125284, Moscow, Russia

3, 2nd Botkinsky Ave., 125284, Moscow, Russia

6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198, Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-2502ЗикиряходжаевА. Д.ZakiryakhodzhaevA. D.

Зикиряходжаев Азизжон Дильшодович, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделением онкологии и реконструктивно-пластической хирургии молочной железы и кожи; доцент кафедры онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической хирургии Института клинической медицины

SPIN-код: 8421-0364

Россия, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр., 3

Россия, 119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2, Россия

Azizjon D. Zikiryakhodzhaev, MD, DSc, Head of the Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery for Breast and Skin; Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery

SPIN-code: 8421-0364

3, 2nd Botkinsky Ave., 125284, Moscow, Russia

8/2, Trubetskaya St., 119991, Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0993-8866БосиеваА. Р.BosievaA. R.

Босиева Алана Руслановна, аспирант отделения онкологии и реконструктивно-пластической хирургии молочной железы и кожи

SPIN-код: 1090-7281

Россия, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр., 3

Alana R. Bosieva, MD, Postgraduate, Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery for Breast and Skin

SPIN-code: 1090-7281

3, 2nd Botkinsky Ave., 125284, Moscow, Russia

ms.bosieva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5873СамсоновЮ. В.SamsonovYu. V.

Самсонов Юрий Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Российского центра информационных технологий и эпидемиологических исследований в области онкологии; доцент кафедры урологии, онкологии и радиологии ФПК МР Медицинского института

Россия, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр., 3

Россия, 117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

Yuri V. Samsonov, MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Russian Center for Information Technologies and Epidemiological Research in Oncology; Associate Professor of the Department of Urology, Oncology and Radiology

3, 2nd Botkinsky Ave., 125284, Moscow, Russia

6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198, Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-6012КостинА. А.KostinA. A.

Костин Андрей Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, заместитель генерального директора; первый проректор – проректор по научной работе

SPIN-код: 8073-0899

Россия, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр., 3

Россия, 117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

Andrey A. Kostin, MD, DSc, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Deputy Director; Vice-Rector for Research

SPIN-code: 8073-0899

3, 2nd Botkinsky Ave., 125284, Moscow, Russia

6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198, Moscow, Russia

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияNMIT s radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia; The Moscow Research Institute of Oncology named after P.A. Herzen – branch of the NMIT s radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia; RUDN UniversityRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияThe Moscow Research Institute of Oncology named after P.A. Herzen – branch of the NMIT s radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Sechenov UniversityRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияThe Moscow Research Institute of Oncology named after P.A. Herzen – branch of the NMIT s radiology of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияThe Moscow Research Institute of Oncology named after P.A. Herzen – branch of the NMIT s radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia; RUDN UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияNMIT s radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia; RUDN UniversityRussian Federation20220303202221199106Copyright © Каприн А.Д., Зикиряходжаев А.Д., Босиева А.Р., Самсонов Ю.В., Костин А.А., 20222022Каприн А.Д., Зикиряходжаев А.Д., Босиева А.Р., Самсонов Ю.В., Костин А.А.Kaprin A.D., Zakiryakhodzhaev A.D., Bosieva A.R., Samsonov Y.V., Kostin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2032

Цель исследования – изучить результаты наиболее значимых исследований, представляющие основные принципы диагностики и лечения больных раком молочной железы (РМЖ) в период пандемии COVID -19.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Поиск соответствующих источников был осуществлен в системах PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, изучены публикации за 2019–20 гг., 48 из которых были использованы для написания данного обзора.

Результаты

Результаты. В период пандемии CO VID -19 необходимо на определённый промежуток времени приостановить проведение скрининговых обследований, больных ранним и метастатическим РМЖ следует перевести на амбулаторное лечение в лечебных учреждениях (ЛУ), находящихся по месту их проживания. Обследования и консультативные приемы пациентов, находящихся в процессе гормонотерапии, должны быть отложены или проводиться с использованием телемедицинских технологий. Лечение больных РМЖ в период пандемии должно проводиться согласно клиническим рекомендациям и протоколам, но минимизируя количество посещений в ЛУ.

Заключение

Заключение. Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции (CO VID -19) представляет серьезную проблему для здравоохранения и специалистов во всем мире. Все решения по выработке тактики лечения должны приниматься с учетом рисков и преимуществ в контексте каждого этапа пандемии, в индивидуальном порядке и с учетом предпочтений больных.

The aim of the study was to analyze the most significant studies representing the basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC) during the CO VID -19 pandemic.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. The search for relevant sources was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science systems, publications for 2019–2020 were studied, 48 of which were used to write this review.

Results

Results. During the CO VID -19 pandemic, it is necessary to suspend screening examinations for a certain period of time; patients with early and metastatic breast cancer should be transferred to outpatient treatment in the LU s located in their place of residence. Examinations and consultations of patients undergoing hormone therapy should be postponed or carried out using telemedicine technologies. Treatment of breast cancer patients during a pandemic should be carried out according to clinical guidelines and protocols, but minimizing the number of visits to the hospitals.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection (CO VID -19) is a serious problem for healthcare and professionals around the world. All treatment decisions must be based on risks and benefits in the context of each stage of the pandemic, on an individual basis and taking into account the preferences of patients.

рак молочной железыновая коронавирусная инфекцияCOVID-19breast cancersevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2COVID-19ReferencesWu C., Chen X., Cai Y., Xia J., Zhou X., Xu S., Huang H., Zhang L., Zhou X., Du C., Zhang Y., Song J., Wang S., Chao Y., Yang Z., Xu J., Zhou X., Chen D., Xiong W., Xu L., Zhou F., Jiang J., Bai C., Zheng J., Song Y. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020; 180(7): 934–43. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994.Wu C., Chen X., Cai Y., Xia J., Zhou X., Xu S., Huang H., Zhang L., Zhou X., Du C., Zhang Y., Song J., Wang S., Chao Y., Yang Z., Xu J., Zhou X., Chen D., Xiong W., Xu L., Zhou F., Jiang J., Bai C., Zheng J., Song Y. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020; 180(7): 934–43. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994.Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., Qu J., Gong F., Han Y., Qiu Y., Wang J., Liu Y., Wei Y., Xia J., Yu T., Zhang X., Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507–13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., Qu J., Gong F., Han Y., Qiu Y., Wang J., Liu Y., Wei Y., Xia J., Yu T., Zhang X., Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507–13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.Channappanavar R., Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol. 2017; 39(5): 529–39. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x.Channappanavar R., Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol. 2017; 39(5): 529–39. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x.Yue H., Bai X., Wang J., Yu Q., Liu W., Pu J., Wang X., Hu J., Xu D., Li X., Kang N., Li L., Lu W., Feng T., Ding L., Li X., Qi X; Gansu Provincial Medical Treatment Expert Group of COVID-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in Gansu province, China. Ann Palliat Med. 2020; 9(4): 1404–12. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-887.Yue H., Bai X., Wang J., Yu Q., Liu W., Pu J., Wang X., Hu J., Xu D., Li X., Kang N., Li L., Lu W., Feng T., Ding L., Li X., Qi X; Gansu Provincial Medical Treatment Expert Group of COVID-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in Gansu province, China. Ann Palliat Med. 2020; 9(4): 1404–12. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-887.Richardson S., Hirsch J.S., Narasimhan M., Crawford J.M., McGinn T., Davidson K.W.; the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium; Barnaby D.P., Becker L.B., Chelico J.D., Cohen S.L., Cookingham J., Coppa K., Diefenbach M.A., Dominello A.J., Duer-Hefele J., Falzon L., Gitlin J., Hajizadeh N., Harvin T.G., Hirschwerk D.A., Kim E.J., Kozel Z.M., Marrast L.M., Mogavero J.N., Osorio G.A., Qiu M., Zanos T.P. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020; 323(20): 2052–9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6775.Richardson S., Hirsch J.S., Narasimhan M., Crawford J.M., McGinn T., Davidson K.W.; the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium; Barnaby D.P., Becker L.B., Chelico J.D., Cohen S.L., Cookingham J., Coppa K., Diefenbach M.A., Dominello A.J., Duer-Hefele J., Falzon L., Gitlin J., Hajizadeh N., Harvin T.G., Hirschwerk D.A., Kim E.J., Kozel Z.M., Marrast L.M., Mogavero J.N., Osorio G.A., Qiu M., Zanos T.P. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020; 323(20): 2052–9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6775.Hadjadj J., Yatim N., Barnabei L., Corneau A., Boussier J., Smith N., Péré H., Charbit B., Bondet V., Chenevier-Gobeaux C., Breillat P., Carlier N., Gauzit R., Morbieu C., Pène F., Marin N., Roche N., Szwebel T.-A., Merkling S.H., Treluyer J.-M., Veyer D., Mouthon L., Blanc C., Tharaux P.-L., Rozenberg F., Fischer A., Duffy D., Rieux-Laucat F., Kernéis S., Terrier B. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science. 2020; 369(6504): 718–24. doi: 10.1126/science.abc6027.Hadjadj J., Yatim N., Barnabei L., Corneau A., Boussier J., Smith N., Péré H., Charbit B., Bondet V., Chenevier-Gobeaux C., Breillat P., Carlier N., Gauzit R., Morbieu C., Pène F., Marin N., Roche N., Szwebel T.-A., Merkling S.H., Treluyer J.-M., Veyer D., Mouthon L., Blanc C., Tharaux P.-L., Rozenberg F., Fischer A., Duffy D., Rieux-Laucat F., Kernéis S., Terrier B. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science. 2020; 369(6504): 718–24. doi: 10.1126/science.abc6027.Mehta P., McAuley D.F., Brown M., Sanchez E., Tattersall R.S., Manson J.J.; HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229):1033–4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.Mehta P., McAuley D.F., Brown M., Sanchez E., Tattersall R.S., Manson J.J.; HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229):1033–4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.Xu Z., Shi L., Wang Y., Zhang J., Huang L., Zhang C., Liu S., Zhao P., Liu H., Zhu L., Tai Y., Bai C., Gao T., Song J., Xia P., Dong J., Zhao J., Wang F.-S. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4): 420–2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.Xu Z., Shi L., Wang Y., Zhang J., Huang L., Zhang C., Liu S., Zhao P., Liu H., Zhu L., Tai Y., Bai C., Gao T., Song J., Xia P., Dong J., Zhao J., Wang F.-S. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4): 420–2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.Livingston E., Bucher K. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323(14): 1335. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4344.Livingston E., Bucher K. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323(14): 1335. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4344.Onder G., Rezza G., Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323(18): 1775–6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4683.Onder G., Rezza G., Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323(18): 1775–6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4683.Remuzzi A., Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? The Lancet. 2020; 395(10231): 1225–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9.Remuzzi A., Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? The Lancet. 2020; 395(10231): 1225–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9.Hollander J.E., Carr B.G. Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(18): 1679–81. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2003539.Hollander J.E., Carr B.G. Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(18): 1679–81. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2003539.Ueda M., Martins R., Hendrie P.C., McDonnell T., Crews J.R., Wong T.L., McCreery B., Jagels B., Crane A., Byrd D.R., Pergam S.A., Davidson N.E., Liu C., Stewart F.M. Managing Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Agility and Collaboration Toward a Common Goal. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020; 20: 1–4. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.7560.Ueda M., Martins R., Hendrie P.C., McDonnell T., Crews J.R., Wong T.L., McCreery B., Jagels B., Crane A., Byrd D.R., Pergam S.A., Davidson N.E., Liu C., Stewart F.M. Managing Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Agility and Collaboration Toward a Common Goal. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020; 20: 1–4. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.7560.Extance A. COVID-19 and long term conditions: what if you have cancer, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease? BMJ. 2020; 368. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1174.Extance A. COVID-19 and long term conditions: what if you have cancer, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease? BMJ. 2020; 368. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1174.Deming W.E. Out of the crisis. 1986.Deming W.E. Out of the crisis. 1986.Liang W., Guan W., Chen R., Wang W., Li J., Xu K., Li C., Ai Q., Lu W., Liang H., Li S., He J. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(3): 335–7. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30096-6.Liang W., Guan W., Chen R., Wang W., Li J., Xu K., Li C., Ai Q., Lu W., Liang H., Li S., He J. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(3): 335–7. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30096-6.Patel K., Choudhury A., Hoskin P., Varughese M., James N., Huddart R., Birtle A. Clinical Guidance for the Management of Patients with Urothelial Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Rapid Review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2020; 32(6): 347–53. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.04.005.Patel K., Choudhury A., Hoskin P., Varughese M., James N., Huddart R., Birtle A. Clinical Guidance for the Management of Patients with Urothelial Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Rapid Review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2020; 32(6): 347–53. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.04.005.Biganzoli L., Cardoso F., Beishon M., Cameron D., Cataliotti L., Coles C.E., Delgado Bolton R.C., Trill M.D., Erdem S., Fjell M., Geiss R., Goossens M., Kuhl C., Marotti L., Naredi P., Oberst S., Palussière J., Ponti A., Rosselli Del Turco M., Rubio I.T., Sapino A., Senkus-Konefka E., Skelin M., Sousa B., Saarto T., Costa A., Poortmans P. The requirements of a specialist breast centre. Breast. 2020; 51: 65–84. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.02.003.Biganzoli L., Cardoso F., Beishon M., Cameron D., Cataliotti L., Coles C.E., Delgado Bolton R.C., Trill M.D., Erdem S., Fjell M., Geiss R., Goossens M., Kuhl C., Marotti L., Naredi P., Oberst S., Palussière J., Ponti A., Rosselli Del Turco M., Rubio I.T., Sapino A., Senkus-Konefka E., Skelin M., Sousa B., Saarto T., Costa A., Poortmans P. The requirements of a specialist breast centre. Breast. 2020; 51: 65–84. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.02.003.ASBrS ACR. ASBrS and ACR joint statement on breast screening exams during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020.ASBrS ACR. ASBrS and ACR joint statement on breast screening exams during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020.ASCO. Care of individuals with cancer during COVID-19. 2020.ASCO. Care of individuals with cancer during COVID-19. 2020.ASBrS. Recommendations for prioritization, treatment and triage of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: executive summary. 2020.ASBrS. Recommendations for prioritization, treatment and triage of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: executive summary. 2020.ECCO. Statement on COVID-19 from the European cancer organization’s board of directors. 2020.ECCO. Statement on COVID-19 from the European cancer organization’s board of directors. 2020.ACS. COVID-19. Guidance for triage of non-emergent surgical procedures. 2020.ACS. COVID-19. Guidance for triage of non-emergent surgical procedures. 2020.ACS. COVID-19. Recommendations for management of elective surgical procedures. 2020.ACS. COVID-19. Recommendations for management of elective surgical procedures. 2020.ASPS. Statement on breast reconstruction in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. 2020.ASPS. Statement on breast reconstruction in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. 2020.Coles C.E., Aristei C., Bliss J., Boersma L., Brunt A.M., Chatterjee S., Hanna G., Jagsi R., Kaidar Person O., Kirby A., Mjaaland I., Meattini I., Luis A.M., Marta G.N., Offersen B., Poortmans P., Rivera S. International Guidelines on Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2020 May; 32(5): 279–81. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.03.006.Coles C.E., Aristei C., Bliss J., Boersma L., Brunt A.M., Chatterjee S., Hanna G., Jagsi R., Kaidar Person O., Kirby A., Mjaaland I., Meattini I., Luis A.M., Marta G.N., Offersen B., Poortmans P., Rivera S. International Guidelines on Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2020 May; 32(5): 279–81. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.03.006.van Maaren M.C., Bretveld R.W., Jobsen J.J., Veenstra R.K., Groothuis-Oudshoorn C.G., Struikmans H., Maduro J.H., Strobbe L.J., Poortmans P.M., Siesling S. The influence of timing of radiation therapy following breast-conserving surgery on 10-year disease-free survival. Br J Cancer. 2017; 117(2): 179–88. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.159.van Maaren M.C., Bretveld R.W., Jobsen J.J., Veenstra R.K., Groothuis-Oudshoorn C.G., Struikmans H., Maduro J.H., Strobbe L.J., Poortmans P.M., Siesling S. The influence of timing of radiation therapy following breast-conserving surgery on 10-year disease-free survival. Br J Cancer. 2017; 117(2): 179–88. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.159.Haviland J.S., Owen J.R., Dewar J.A., Agrawal R.K., Barrett J., Barrett-Lee P.J., Dobbs H.J., Hopwood P., Lawton P.A., Magee B.J., Mills J., Simmons S., Sydenham M.A., Venables K., Bliss J.M., Yarnold J.R.; START Trialists’ Group. The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14(11): 1086–94. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70386-3.Haviland J.S., Owen J.R., Dewar J.A., Agrawal R.K., Barrett J., Barrett-Lee P.J., Dobbs H.J., Hopwood P., Lawton P.A., Magee B.J., Mills J., Simmons S., Sydenham M.A., Venables K., Bliss J.M., Yarnold J.R.; START Trialists’ Group. The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14(11): 1086–94. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70386-3.Whelan T.J., Pignol J.-P., Levine M.N., Julian J.A., MacKenzie R., Parpia S., Shelley W., Grimard L., Bowen J., Lukka H., Perera F., Fyles A., Schneider K., Gulavita S., Freeman C. Long-term results of hypofractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(6): 513–20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0906260.Whelan T.J., Pignol J.-P., Levine M.N., Julian J.A., MacKenzie R., Parpia S., Shelley W., Grimard L., Bowen J., Lukka H., Perera F., Fyles A., Schneider K., Gulavita S., Freeman C. Long-term results of hypofractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(6): 513–20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0906260.Brunt A.M., Haviland J., Sydenham M., Algurafi H., Alhasso A., Bliss P., Bloomfield D., Emson M., Goodman A., Harnett A., Passant H., Tsang Y.M., Wheatley D., Bliss J., Yarnold J. FAST phase III RCT of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year results (CRUKE/04/015). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102(5): 1603–4.Brunt A.M., Haviland J., Sydenham M., Algurafi H., Alhasso A., Bliss P., Bloomfield D., Emson M., Goodman A., Harnett A., Passant H., Tsang Y.M., Wheatley D., Bliss J., Yarnold J. FAST phase III RCT of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year results (CRUKE/04/015). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102(5): 1603–4.Brunt A.M., Wheatley D., Yarnold J., Somaiah N., Kelly S., Harnett A., Coles C., Goodman A., Bahl A., Churn M., Zotova R., Sydenham M., Griffin C.L., Morden J.P., Bliss J.M.; FAST-Forward Trial Management Group. Acute skin toxicity associated with a 1-week schedule of whole breast radiotherapy compared with a standard 3-week regimen delivered in the UK FAST-Forward Trial. Radiother Oncol. 2016; 120(1): 114–8. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.02.027.Brunt A.M., Wheatley D., Yarnold J., Somaiah N., Kelly S., Harnett A., Coles C., Goodman A., Bahl A., Churn M., Zotova R., Sydenham M., Griffin C.L., Morden J.P., Bliss J.M.; FAST-Forward Trial Management Group. Acute skin toxicity associated with a 1-week schedule of whole breast radiotherapy compared with a standard 3-week regimen delivered in the UK FAST-Forward Trial. Radiother Oncol. 2016; 120(1): 114–8. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.02.027.Leong N., Truong P.T., Tankel K., Kwan W., Weir L., Olivotto I.A. Hypofractionated Nodal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer Was Not Associated With Increased Patient-Reported Arm or Brachial Plexopathy Symptoms. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017; 99(5): 1166–72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.07.043.Leong N., Truong P.T., Tankel K., Kwan W., Weir L., Olivotto I.A. Hypofractionated Nodal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer Was Not Associated With Increased Patient-Reported Arm or Brachial Plexopathy Symptoms. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017; 99(5): 1166–72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.07.043.Brunt A. M., Haviland J., Sydenham M.A., Al-hasso A., Bloomfield D., Chan C., Churn M., Cleator S., Coles C., Emson M., Goodman A., Griffin C.L., Harnett A., Hopwood P., Kirby A.M., Kirwan C., Morris C., Sawyer E., Somaiah N., Syndikus I., Wilcox M., Zotova R., Wheatley D., Bliss J., Yarnold J. OC-0595: FAST-Forward phase 3 RCT of 1-week hypofractionated breast radiotherapy:3-year normal tissue effects. Radiother Oncol 2018; 127: 311–2.Brunt A. M., Haviland J., Sydenham M.A., Al-hasso A., Bloomfield D., Chan C., Churn M., Cleator S., Coles C., Emson M., Goodman A., Griffin C.L., Harnett A., Hopwood P., Kirby A.M., Kirwan C., Morris C., Sawyer E., Somaiah N., Syndikus I., Wilcox M., Zotova R., Wheatley D., Bliss J., Yarnold J. OC-0595: FAST-Forward phase 3 RCT of 1-week hypofractionated breast radiotherapy:3-year normal tissue effects. Radiother Oncol 2018; 127: 311–2.Bartelink H., Maingon P., Poortmans P., Weltens C., Fourquet A., Jager J., Schinagl D., Oei B., Rodenhuis C., Horiot J.-C., Struikmans H., Van Limbergen E., Kirova Y., Elkhuizen P., Bongartz R., Miralbell R., Morgan D., Dubois J.-B., Remouchamps V., Mirimanoff R.-O., Collette S., Collette L; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiation Oncology and Breast Cancer Groups. Whole-breast irradiation with or without a boost for patients treated with breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer: 20-year follow-up of a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16(1): 47–56. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71156-8.Bartelink H., Maingon P., Poortmans P., Weltens C., Fourquet A., Jager J., Schinagl D., Oei B., Rodenhuis C., Horiot J.-C., Struikmans H., Van Limbergen E., Kirova Y., Elkhuizen P., Bongartz R., Miralbell R., Morgan D., Dubois J.-B., Remouchamps V., Mirimanoff R.-O., Collette S., Collette L; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiation Oncology and Breast Cancer Groups. Whole-breast irradiation with or without a boost for patients treated with breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer: 20-year follow-up of a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16(1): 47–56. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71156-8.Coles C.E., Griffin C.L., Kirby A.M., Titley J., Agrawal R.K., Alhasso A., Bhattacharya I.S., Brunt A.M., Ciurlionis L., Chan C., Donovan E.M., Emson M.A., Harnett A.N., Haviland J.S., Hopwood P., Jefford M.L., Kaggwa R., Sawyer E.J., Syndikus I., Tsang Y.M., Wheatley D.A., Wilcox M., Yarnold J.R., Bliss J.M.; IMPORT Trialists. Partial-breast radiotherapy after breast conservation surgery for patients with early breast cancer (UK IMPORT LOW trial): 5-year results from a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2017; 390(10099): 1048–60. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31145-5.Coles C.E., Griffin C.L., Kirby A.M., Titley J., Agrawal R.K., Alhasso A., Bhattacharya I.S., Brunt A.M., Ciurlionis L., Chan C., Donovan E.M., Emson M.A., Harnett A.N., Haviland J.S., Hopwood P., Jefford M.L., Kaggwa R., Sawyer E.J., Syndikus I., Tsang Y.M., Wheatley D.A., Wilcox M., Yarnold J.R., Bliss J.M.; IMPORT Trialists. Partial-breast radiotherapy after breast conservation surgery for patients with early breast cancer (UK IMPORT LOW trial): 5-year results from a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2017; 390(10099): 1048–60. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31145-5.Livi L., Meattini I., Marrazzo L., Simontacchi G., Pallotta S., Saieva C., Paiar F., Scotti V., De Luca Cardillo C., Bastiani P., Orzalesi L., Casella D., Sanchez L., Nori J., Fambrini M., Bianchi S. Accelerated partial breast irradiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus whole breast irradiation: 5-year survival analysis of a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer. 2015; 51(4): 451–63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.12.013.Livi L., Meattini I., Marrazzo L., Simontacchi G., Pallotta S., Saieva C., Paiar F., Scotti V., De Luca Cardillo C., Bastiani P., Orzalesi L., Casella D., Sanchez L., Nori J., Fambrini M., Bianchi S. Accelerated partial breast irradiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus whole breast irradiation: 5-year survival analysis of a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer. 2015; 51(4): 451–63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.12.013.Veronesi U., Orecchia R., Maisonneuve P., Viale G., Rotmensz N., Sangalli C., Luini A., Veronesi P., Galimberti V., Zurrida S., Leonardi M.C., Lazzari R., Cattani F., Gentilini O., Intra M., Caldarella P., Ballardini B. Intraoperative radiotherapy versus external radiotherapy for early breast cancer (ELIOT): a randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14(13): 1269–77. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70497-2.Veronesi U., Orecchia R., Maisonneuve P., Viale G., Rotmensz N., Sangalli C., Luini A., Veronesi P., Galimberti V., Zurrida S., Leonardi M.C., Lazzari R., Cattani F., Gentilini O., Intra M., Caldarella P., Ballardini B. Intraoperative radiotherapy versus external radiotherapy for early breast cancer (ELIOT): a randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14(13): 1269–77. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70497-2.Kunkler I.H., Williams L.J., Jack W.J., Cameron D.A., Dixon J.M.; PRIME II investigators. Breast-conserving surgery with or without irradiation in women aged 65 years or older with early breast cancer (PRIME II): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16(3): 266–73. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71221-5.Kunkler I.H., Williams L.J., Jack W.J., Cameron D.A., Dixon J.M.; PRIME II investigators. Breast-conserving surgery with or without irradiation in women aged 65 years or older with early breast cancer (PRIME II): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16(3): 266–73. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71221-5.Cardoso F., Kyriakides S., Ohno S., Penault-Llorca F., Poortmans P., Rubio I.T., Zackrisson S., Senkus E; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019; 30(10): 1674. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz189.Cardoso F., Kyriakides S., Ohno S., Penault-Llorca F., Poortmans P., Rubio I.T., Zackrisson S., Senkus E; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019; 30(10): 1674. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz189.Earl H.M., Hiller L., Vallier A.L., Loi S., McAdam K., Hughes- Davies L., Harnett A.N., Ah-See M.L., Simcock R., Rea D., Raj S., Woodings P., Harries M., Howe D., Raynes K., Higgins H.B., Wilcox M., Plummer C., Mansi J., Gounaris I., Mahler-Araujo B., Provenzano E., Chhabra A., Abraham J.E., Caldas C., Hall P.S., McCabe C., Hulme C., Miles D., Wardley A.M., Cameron D.A., Dunn J.A.; PERSEPHONE Steering Committee and Trial Investigators. 6 versus 12 months of adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer (PERSEPHONE): 4-year disease-free survival results of a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019; 393(10191): 2599–2612. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30650-6.Earl H.M., Hiller L., Vallier A.L., Loi S., McAdam K., Hughes- Davies L., Harnett A.N., Ah-See M.L., Simcock R., Rea D., Raj S., Woodings P., Harries M., Howe D., Raynes K., Higgins H.B., Wilcox M., Plummer C., Mansi J., Gounaris I., Mahler-Araujo B., Provenzano E., Chhabra A., Abraham J.E., Caldas C., Hall P.S., McCabe C., Hulme C., Miles D., Wardley A.M., Cameron D.A., Dunn J.A.; PERSEPHONE Steering Committee and Trial Investigators. 6 versus 12 months of adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer (PERSEPHONE): 4-year disease-free survival results of a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019; 393(10191): 2599–2612. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30650-6.Cardoso F., Senkus E., Costa A., Papadopoulos E., Aapro M., André F., Harbeck N., Aguilar Lopez B., Barrios C.H., Bergh J., Biganzoli L., Boers-Doets C.B., Cardoso M.J., Carey L.A., Cortés J., Curigliano G., Diéras V., El Saghir N.S., Eniu A., Fallowfield L., Francis P.A., Gelmon K., Johnston S.R.D., Kaufman B., Koppikar S., Krop I.E., Mayer M., Nakigudde G., Offersen B.V., Ohno S., Pagani O., Paluch-Shimon S., Penault-Llorca F., Prat A., Rugo H.S., Sledge G.W., Spence D., Thomssen C., Vorobiof D.A., Xu B., Norton L., Winer E.P. 4th ESO-ESMO International Consensus Guidelines for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC 4). Ann Oncol. 2018; 29(8): 1634–57. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdy192.Cardoso F., Senkus E., Costa A., Papadopoulos E., Aapro M., André F., Harbeck N., Aguilar Lopez B., Barrios C.H., Bergh J., Biganzoli L., Boers-Doets C.B., Cardoso M.J., Carey L.A., Cortés J., Curigliano G., Diéras V., El Saghir N.S., Eniu A., Fallowfield L., Francis P.A., Gelmon K., Johnston S.R.D., Kaufman B., Koppikar S., Krop I.E., Mayer M., Nakigudde G., Offersen B.V., Ohno S., Pagani O., Paluch-Shimon S., Penault-Llorca F., Prat A., Rugo H.S., Sledge G.W., Spence D., Thomssen C., Vorobiof D.A., Xu B., Norton L., Winer E.P. 4th ESO-ESMO International Consensus Guidelines for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC 4). Ann Oncol. 2018; 29(8): 1634–57. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdy192.D’Ippolito S., Shams M., Ambrosini E., Calì G., Pastorelli D. R1 – the effect of loneliness on cancer mortality. Ann Oncol. 2017; 28: 82–88. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx434.D’Ippolito S., Shams M., Ambrosini E., Calì G., Pastorelli D. R1 – the effect of loneliness on cancer mortality. Ann Oncol. 2017; 28: 82–88. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx434.Hill E.M., Hamm A. Intolerance of uncertainty, social support, and loneliness in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Psychooncology. 2019; 28(3): 553–60. doi: 10.1002/pon.4975.Hill E.M., Hamm A. Intolerance of uncertainty, social support, and loneliness in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Psychooncology. 2019; 28(3): 553–60. doi: 10.1002/pon.4975.Holt-Lunstad J., Smith T.B., Baker M., Harris T., Stephenson D. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015; 10(2): 227–37. doi: 10.1177/1745691614568352.Holt-Lunstad J., Smith T.B., Baker M., Harris T., Stephenson D. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015; 10(2): 227–37. doi: 10.1177/1745691614568352.Bortolato B., Hyphantis T.N., Valpione S., Perini G., Maes M., Morris G., Kubera M., Köhler C.A., Fernandes B.S., Stubbs B., Pavlidis N., Carvalho A.F. Depression in cancer: The many biobehavioral pathways driving tumor progression. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017; 52: 58–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.004.Bortolato B., Hyphantis T.N., Valpione S., Perini G., Maes M., Morris G., Kubera M., Köhler C.A., Fernandes B.S., Stubbs B., Pavlidis N., Carvalho A.F. Depression in cancer: The many biobehavioral pathways driving tumor progression. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017; 52: 58–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.004.Reis J.C., Antoni M.H., Travado L. Emotional distress, brain functioning, and biobehavioral processes in cancer patients: a neuroimaging review and future directions. CNS Spectr. 2020; 25(1): 79–100. doi: 10.1017/S1092852918001621.Reis J.C., Antoni M.H., Travado L. Emotional distress, brain functioning, and biobehavioral processes in cancer patients: a neuroimaging review and future directions. CNS Spectr. 2020; 25(1): 79–100. doi: 10.1017/S1092852918001621.Annunziata M. A., Muzzatti B., Bidoli E., Flaiban C., Bomben F., Piccinin M., Gipponi K.M., Mariutti G., Busato S., Mella S. Hospital anxiety and depression Scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients. Suppor Care Cancer. 2019; 28: 3921–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05244-8.Annunziata M. A., Muzzatti B., Bidoli E., Flaiban C., Bomben F., Piccinin M., Gipponi K.M., Mariutti G., Busato S., Mella S. Hospital anxiety and depression Scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients. Suppor Care Cancer. 2019; 28: 3921–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05244-8.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.