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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-3-90-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-2167</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Описательная, аналитическая и молекулярная эпидемиология рака поджелудочной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Descriptive, analytical and molecular epidemiology of pancreatic cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-068X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаньгина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shangina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаньгина Оксана Валентиновна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической эпидемиологии</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana V. Shangina, MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical Epidemiology</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oshangina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-5088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимович</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximovich</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимович Дмитрий Михайлович, старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической эпидемиологии</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy M. Maximovich, Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical Epidemiology</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-3704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заридзе</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaridze</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заридзе Давид Георгиевич, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом клинической эпидемиологии</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>David G. Zaridze, MD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of ClinicalEpidemiology</p><p>24, Kashirskoe shosse, 115478, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology&#13;
of the Ministry of Health of the Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаньгина О.В., Максимович Д.М., Заридзе Д.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаньгина О.В., Максимович Д.М., Заридзе Д.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shangina O.V., Maximovich D.M., Zaridze D.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2167">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2167</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – представить современные данные о роли факторов образа жизни и наследственности в этиологии рака поджелудочной железы (РПЖ).</p><sec><title> Материал и методы</title><p> Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты эпидемиологических исследований, посвященных роли факторов образа жизни и наследственности в этиологии РПЖ. Поиск соответствующих источников производился в системах Medline и Elibrary.</p></sec><sec><title> Результаты</title><p> Результаты. Рак поджелудочной железы занимает 9-е место в структуре онкологической смертности в мире. Он имеет крайне неблагоприятный прогноз, 5-летняя выживаемость больных РПЖ не превышает 9 %. Самые высокие показатели заболеваемости и смертности от РПЖ зарегистрированы в странах Восточной Европы, включая Россию. Заболеваемость РПЖ в 2019 г. составила 9,3 на 100 тыс. населения у мужчин и 5,7 у женщин. В России, как и во всем мире, наблюдается рост заболеваемости и смертности от РПЖ. Доказанными факторами риска являются курение, потребление алкоголя, избыточный вес, ожирение и диабет, панкреатит в анамнезе. На риск развития РПЖ влияет микробиом полости рта и толстой кишки. Установлено, что 5–10 % случаев РПЖ являются наследственными. Идентифицированы наследственные синдромы. Риск развития РПЖ у пациентов с такими синдромами колеблется от 2 (синдром наследственного рака молочной железы и яичников) до 132 (синдром Пейтца–Егерса). Выявлены участки генома, содержащие варианты полиморфизма одиночных нуклеотидов (SNPs), которые чаще встречаются у больных РПЖ, чем у здоровых людей. К часто встречающимся соматическим мутациям относится мутация драйверных генов (driver-gene) РПЖ, к которым относятся онкоген KRAS и гены-супрессоры опухолей TP53, CDKN2A и SMAD4. Идентифицированы и так называемые пассажирские мутации, которые при РПЖ встречаются реже (AIB1/NCOA, ERBB2/HER2/EGFR2, AKT2, BRAF, CCND1, RB1). Однако комбинированный эффект полиморфизма этих генов может быть существенным и сравнимым с влиянием драйверного гена.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На сегодняшний день существенным недостатком нашего понимания процесса канцерогенеза является отсутствие информации о том, какие именно канцерогенные факторы приводят к тем или иным конкретным мутациям, т. е. образованию мутационных сигнатур. Для разрешения этой проблемы в 2017 г. стартовал международный научный проект GRAND CHALLENGE “Mutograph”, в котором участвуют сотрудники отдела анализа эпидемиологии опухолей ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н.Блохина».</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was to present current data on the role of lifestyle and heredity factors in the etiology of pancreatic cancer (PC). Material and Methods. A systemic literature search was conducted using Medline and Elibrary databases. Results. Pancreatic cancer is the 9th leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. PC has an extremely poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate of patients with PC does not exceed 9 %. The highest incidence and mortality rates from PC are found in Eastern Europe, including Russia. The incidence of PC in 2019 was 9.3 per 100,000 males and 5.7 per 100,000 females. In Russia, PC incidence and mortality rates in both males and females show a steady increase. Risk factors associated with PC include smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, overweight and obesity, diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. The microbiome of the oral cavity and colon infuence the risk of PС. Approximately 10 % of PC is estimated to have familial inheritance. The risk of PC in patients with inherited syndromes ranges from 2 (hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome) to 132 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome). Regions of the genome containing variants of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), which are more common in patients with PC than in healthy people, were identifed. The most common somatic mutations include mutations in the driver genes of prostate cancer, which include the KRAS oncogene and tumor suppressor genes TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4.The less common mutations of genes include AIB1/NCOA, ERBB2/HER2/EGFR2, AKT2, BRAF, CCND1, RB1, etc. They are identifed as “passenger” mutations although the combined effect of polymorphism of these genes can be signifcant and comparable to the infuence of the driver gene. Conclusion. A signifcant disadvantage of our understanding of the process of carcinogenesis is the lack of information about carcinogenic factors that cause specifc mutations, i.e. the formation of mutational signatures. To solve this problem, in 2017, the international scientifc project GRAND CHALLENGE “Mutograph” was launched. The scientists of the Department of Cancer Epidemiology of N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology are members of the international team working on this project.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак поджелудочной железы</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreatic cancer</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cancer Today: Data visualization tool for exploring the global cancer burden in 2020 [Internet]. 2020 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon France. [cited 2021 June 26]. URL: http:.gco.iarc.fr/ today/home.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cancer Today: Data visualization tool for exploring the global cancer burden in 2020 [Internet]. 2020 International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon France. [cited 2021 June 26]. 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