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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-5-149-154</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-2319</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формы гибели клеток и мишени при фотодинамической терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Forms of cell death and targets at photodynamic therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-6278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Решетов Игорь Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор института; заведующий кафедрой; научный руководитель факультета</p><p> SPIN-код: 3845-6604. Author ID (Scopus): 6701353127 </p><p> Россия, 119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2, Россия </p><p> России, 125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 91 </p><p> Россия, 115432, г. Москва, 2-й Кожуховский проезд, 12/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Reshetov, MD, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute; Head of department; Scientific directorof the faculty</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 6701353127 </p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya St., 119991, Moscow, Russia</p><p>91, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 125371, Moscow, Russia</p><p>12/1, 2nd Kozhukhovsky Proezd, 115432, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2310-0576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коренев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korenev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коренев Сергей Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор института</p><p>SPIN-код: 5257-4476 </p><p> Россия, 236016, г. Калининград, ул. А. Невского, 14 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Sergey V. Korenev, MD, Professor, Director of the Institute</p><p> 14, a. Nevsky st., 236016, Kaliningrad, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-5932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романко</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanko</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романко Юрий Сергеевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры; профессор кафедры</p><p>SPIN-код: 7703-4911. Researcher ID (WOS): L-5965-2014. Author ID (Scopus): 7801463724 </p><p> Россия, 119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2, Россия </p><p> России, 125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 91 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Yuri S. Romanko, MD, DCs, Professor of the Department; Professor of the Department</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): L-5965-2014. Author ID (Scopus): 7801463724 </p><p> 8/2, Trubetskaya St., 119991, Moscow, Russia</p><p>91, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 125371, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ad_astrum2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России;&#13;
Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и  медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»;&#13;
ЧОУВО «Московский университет им. С.Ю. Витте»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russia;&#13;
Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency;&#13;
Moscow University named after S.Yu. Witte<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I. Kant Baltic Federal University <country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России;&#13;
Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и  медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russia;&#13;
Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Решетов И.В., Коренев С.В., Романко Ю.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Решетов И.В., Коренев С.В., Романко Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reshetov I.V., Korenev S.V., Romanko Y.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2319">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2319</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить результаты наиболее значимых исследований, посвященных оценке форм гибели опухолевых клеток и мишеней при фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ). Материал и методы. Проведен анализ баз данных Scopus, Wos, MedLine и найден 31 источник, в котором рассматривается данная проблема. Результаты. ФДТ является важным инструментом для изучения путей, ведущих к полной девитализации злокачественной опухоли. Причем субклеточные мишени при ФДТ обусловливаются свойствами фотосенсибилизаторов (ФС). Особенно эффективными мишенями являются лизосомы и митохондрии, в том числе для ФС I класса – фотофрина. Этим объясняется эффективность фотофрина, хотя он имеет слабую полосу поглощения в области 630 нм с ограниченной глубиной проникновения в ткани. Весьма актуальной становится разработка новых ФС, имеющих субклеточные мишени фотофрина, но с полосой поглощения в длинноволновой области, такие ФС идеальны для ФДТ. В клиническую практику уже внедрены ФС ii поколения. Показана результативность ФДТ с применением фотодитазина. Установлены механизмы действия и мишени этого ФС. К последним относятся стенка сосудов, цитоплазматические мембраны и внутренние структуры опухолевых клеток. Основной тип гибели неопластических клеток при ФДТ с фотодитазином – прямой фотокоагуляционный и ишемический некроз паренхимы опухоли из-за разрушения сосудистого русла новообразования. Значительное внимание уделяется разработке новых ФС, а именно, производным бактериохлорофилла-α, которые обладают интенсивным поглощением излучения в длинноволновой области спектрального диапазона. К ним относится конъюгат дисульфид-БПИ, имеющий в своем составе 2 молекулы дипропоксибактериопурпуринимида и остаток цистамина, результаты использования которого показали его высокую эффективность, обусловленную разрушением сосудистого русла опухоли, быстрым замедлением и/или прекращением пролиферативной активности клеток и их гибелью путем некроза и апоптоза. Быстрый прогресс в области изучения механизмов действия ФДТ показал, что запуск аутофагии с использованием лизосомального компартмента для деградации и утилизации поврежденных клеточных органелл и параптоз, связанный с дефектными белками в эндоплазматическом ретикуломе, также играют важную роль в элиминации опухолевых клеток. Заключение. Апоптоз, аутофагия и параптоз могут возникать после фотоповреждения митохондрий, лизосом или эндоплазматического ретикулума. Баланс путей клеточной гибели часто является определяющим фактором эффективности ФДТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to study the results of the most significant studies on the forms of tumor cell death and targets in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Material and methods. On the problem, we analyzed the Scopus, WoS, MedLine databases and found 31 sources. Results. PDT is an important tool for studying the pathways leading to the complete devitalization of a malignant tumor. Moreover, subcellular targets in pdt are determined by the properties of photosensitizers (PS). Particularly effective targets are lysosomes and mitochondria, including those for class I PS, photofrin. This explains the effectiveness of photofrin, although it has a weak absorption band in the region of 630 nm with a limited penetration depth into tissues. The development of new PSs with subcellular targets of photofrin, but with an absorption band in the long-wavelength region, is becoming very topical. Such FS are ideal for PDT. Second-generation PSS have already been introduced into clinical practice. The effectiveness of PDT with the use of photoditazine was shown. The mechanisms of action and targets of this PS have been established. The latter include the vessel wall, cytoplasmic membranes, and internal structures of tumor cells. The main type of neoplastic cell death during PDT with photoditazine is direct photocoagulation and ischemic necrosis of the tumor parenchyma due to the destruction of the neoplasm vascular bed. Today, considerable attention is paid to the development of other new PSS, namely, bacteriochlorophyll-α derivatives, which have an intense absorption of radiation in the long-wavelength region of the spectral range. These include the disulfide-bpi conjugate, which contains 2 molecules of dipropoxybacteriopurpurinimide and a cystamine residue, the results of which showed its high efficiency due to the destruction of the tumor vascular bed, the rapid slowdown and/or cessation of cell proliferative activity and their death by necrosis and apoptosis. Rapid progress in studying the mechanisms of action of PDt has shown that autophagy triggering using the lysosomal compartment to degrade and utilize damaged cell organelles and paraptosis associated with defective proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum also play an important role in the elimination of tumor cells. Conclusion. Apoptosis, autophagy, and paraptosis can occur after photodamage to mitochondria, lysosomes, or the endoplasmic reticulum. The balance of cell death pathways is often a determining factor in the effectiveness of PDT.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фотодинамическая терапия</kwd><kwd>фотосенсибилизатор</kwd><kwd>фотофрин</kwd><kwd>фотодитазин</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>некроз</kwd><kwd>некроптоз</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>параптоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>photodynamic therapy</kwd><kwd>photosensitizer</kwd><kwd>photofrin</kwd><kwd>photoditazine</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>necrosis</kwd><kwd>necroptosis</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>paraptosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamblin M.R., Abrahamse H. Factors Affecting Photodynamic Therapy and Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2021; 21(2): 123–36. doi: 10.2174/1871520620666200318101037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamblin M.R., Abrahamse H. 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