oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-6-145-155oncotomsk-2386Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСистематический обзор исследований ассоциации рака яичников и предстательной железы с мутациями генов BRCA1 и BRCA2A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with BRCA1 and BRCA2 genehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-9721Chitra VeenaSarpparajanChitra VeenaSarpparajan

Chitra Veena S., студент (медицинская генетика), 

Келамбаккам, Ченнаи, 603103

Chitra Veena S, Student (Medical Genetics), 

603103, Chennai

VajagathaliMohammedVajagathaliMohammed

Vajagathali Mohammed, младший научный сотрудник,

Келамбаккам, Ченнаи, 603103

Vajagathali Mohammed, Junior Research Fellow,

603103, Chennai

RamakrishnanVeerabathiranRamakrishnanVeerabathiran

Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran, адъюнкт-профессор генетики,

Келамбаккам, Ченнаи, 603103

Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran, Associate Professor in Genetics,

603103, Chennai

rkgenes@gmail.comЛаборатория цитогенетики и геномики человека, факультет смежных медицинских наук, Больница и научно-исследовательский институт Четтинада, Научно-образовательная академия ЧеттинадаИндияHuman Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, KelambakkamIndia202202012023216145155Copyright © Chitra Veena S., Vajagathali M., Ramakrishnan V., 20232023Chitra Veena S., Vajagathali M., Ramakrishnan V.Chitra Veena S., Vajagathali M., Ramakrishnan V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2386Актуальность

Актуальность. Наследственные мутации в генах BRCA1 и BRCA2 увеличивают риск возникновения аденокарциномы простаты и карциномы молочной железы и яичников. Рак яичников редко встречается у женщин моложе 40 лет, рак предстательной железы в основном встречается у пожилых мужчин, в 90 % случаев – старше 65 лет.

Цель исследования ‒ исследовать взаимосвязь рака яичников и простаты с генами BRCA1 и BRCA2.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В обзоре обсуждается механизм возникновения рака яичников и предстательной железы, а также меры их профилактики с помощью методов скрининга. Проанализированы базы данных on-line с использованием ключевых слов «рак яичников», «рак предстательной железы», «гены BRCA», «мутация», «полиморфизм», «карцинома», «саркома» и «генетическая ассоциация».

Результаты

Результаты. На основании полученной информации установлено, что гены BRCA тесно связаны с раком предстательной железы у мужчин и в большей степени ассоциированы с раком молочной железы, чем с раком яичников у женщин.

Заключение

Заключение. Необходимы ранняя диагностика и генетическое тестирование генов BRCA1 и BRCA2 у мужчин и у женщин. В некоторых случаях эти гены могут вызывать и другие виды рака, например рак поджелудочной железы. Выявление лиц с помощью HRD-тестирования (выявление дефицита гомологичной рекомбинации) и определения экспрессии этого гена имеет большое значение для улучшения эффективности методов лечения, разработанных в последние десятилетия. Однако внедрение этих методов в повседневную практику потребует глубокого понимания целей лечения и побочных эффектов. 

Background

Background. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discussed as the basis of inherited adenocarcinoma and breast and ovarian malignancy. Ovarian cancer is uncommon in women below 40 years of age, and prostate cancer mainly occurs in older men cause 90 % in those above sixty-fve.

Objective

Objective. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ovarian and prostate cancer with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. The ovarian and prostate cancer mechanism is discussed in detail, and their preventive measures with screening techniques are also demonstrated. This systematic review collected the related articles from online databases using the key terms ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BRCA genes, mutation, polymorphism, carcinoma, sarcoma, and genetic association.

Results

Results. Based on the obtained information, it is found that the BRCA genes are highly associated with prostate cancer in men, and in women, it is significantly linked with breast cancer than ovarian cancer.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Therefore, early diagnosis and genetic testing for BRCA1&BRCA2 genes in both men and women are necessary. In some cases, these genes might even cause different types of cancer like pancreatic cancers. Identifying individuals with tumour-HRD through mutations in the homologous repair pathway and determining this gene expression is essential to improve treatment techniques developed during the previous decade and rapidly make their way into clinical trials practice. However, the safe introduction of these medicines into everyday practice will require a thorough understanding of treatment targets and associated adverse effects. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.