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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-2-129-142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-2542</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль микробиоты в онкогенезе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of the microbiota in oncogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-1995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьевская</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorievskaya</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьевская Злата Валерьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры последипломного образования врачей, заведующая лабораторией микробиологической,</p><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zlata V. Grigorievskaya, MD, Professor of the Department of Postgraduate Education of Physicians, Head of the Microbiological Laboratory, </p><p>24, Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-0447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петухова Ирина Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры последипломного образования врачей, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологической, </p><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Petukhova, MD, Professor of the Department of Postgraduate Education of Physicians, Leading Researcher of the Microbiological Laboratory,</p><p>24, Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-3536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багирова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagirova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Багирова Наталия Сергеевна, доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологической, </p><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Bagirova, MD, DSc, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Microbiology, </p><p>24, Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-2676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агинова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aginova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агинова Виктория Викторовна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологической, </p><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Aginova, PhD, Senior Researcher of the Microbiological Laboratory,</p><p>24, Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.aginova@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4744-6141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононец</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononets</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кононец Павел Вячеславович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры последипломного образования врачей, директор НИИ КО им. Н.Н. Трапезникова, </p><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Kononets, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Postgraduate Education of Doctors, Director of the NII KO named after N.N. Trapeznikova, </p><p>24, Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьевская З.В., Петухова И.Н., Багирова Н.С., Агинова В.В., Кононец П.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьевская З.В., Петухова И.Н., Багирова Н.С., Агинова В.В., Кононец П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigorievskaya Z.V., Petukhova I.N., Bagirova N.S., Aginova V.V., Kononets P.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2542">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2542</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – провести систематический анализ данных о результатах исследований, опубликованных в научных изданиях, о проканцерогенной и антиканцерогенной роли микробиоты, а также о терапевтическом потенциале микроорганизмов в онкогенезе.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Поиск статей проведен с использованием баз данных Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, еLIBRARY. Всего найдено более 150 источников, посвященных изучению канцерогенной функции микробиоты и возможного влияния ее видового и количественного состава на эффективность и токсичность противоопухолевой терапии. В обзор включены данные из 71 статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Результат</title><p>Результат. Связь между кишечной микробиотой и раком многофакторная и двусторонняя: проканцерогенная, с одной стороны, и антиканцерогенная – с другой. Микроорганизмы могут индуцировать рост опухоли и развитие онкологических заболеваний посредством повреждения ДНК и индукции мутагенеза, запуска онкогенных сигналов, нарушения барьерной функции, а также нарушения системы иммунного ответа. Истощение микробиоты, развитие дисбиоза и индукция хронического воспалительного состояния являются негативными факторами при развитии онкологических заболеваний. Антиканцерогенное действие микроорганизмов, предположительно, основано на производстве опухолесупрессивных метаболитов, которые функционируют через множество иммунных реакций. Также немаловажными факторами защиты являются поддержание микроорганизмами барьерной функции, конкурентное исключение патогенных бактерий и прямое воздействие на иммунные клетки для предотвращения воспаления. Отмечается присутствие внутриопухолевых микроорганизмов в различных опухолях. На изменение видового и количественного состава микробиоты онкологических больных оказывают влияние питание, прием антибактериальных препаратов, химио-, иммуно- и лучевая терапия. В свою очередь, микробиота может оказывать влияние на проводимое лечение. Проведены многочисленные исследования по изучению влияния микробиоты кишки на эффективность иммунотерапии, в частности при диссеминированной меланоме. Предполагается, что первичная устойчивость к иммунотерапии может быть связана с аномальным составом микробиоты кишечника. Высказано мнение, что предиктором ответа на терапию анти-PD-1 являются уровень разнообразия состава микробиоты кишечника и преобладание Faecalibacterium или Bacteroidales. Доступно несколько терапевтических методов для изменения состава и активности кишечной микробиоты, таких как введение пребиотиков, пробиотиков, синбиотиков, постбиотиков, трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, а также изменение состава микробиоты посредством определенной диеты.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To conduct a systematic analysis of data on the results of studies published in scientific journals on the pro-carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic role of microbiota, as well as on the therapeutic potential of microorganisms in oncogenesis.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. The articles were searched using the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and eLIBRARY databases. More than 150 sources dedicated to the study of the carcinogenic function of the microbiota and the possible influence of its species and quantitative composition on the efficacy and toxicity of antitumor therapy were found. Data from 71 articles were included in the review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The relationship between the gut microbiota and cancer is multifactorial and bilateral: pro-carcinogenic on the one hand and anti-carcinogenic on the other hand. Microorganisms can induce tumor growth and cancer development through DNA damage and induction of mutagenesis, trigger oncogenic signals, disruption of barrier function, as well as immune response system disruption. Depletion of microbiota, the development of dysbiosis and induction of chronic inflammatory state are negative factors in the development of cancer. The anticancer effect of microorganisms is presumably based on the production of tumor-suppressive metabolites that function through multiple immune reactions. Maintenance of barrier function, competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria, and direct action on immune cells to prevent inflammation are also important protective factors. The presence of intratumor microorganisms in various tumors has been noted. Changes in species and quantitative composition of cancer patients’ microbiota are influenced by diet, taking antibacterial drugs, chemo-, immuno- and radiation therapy. In turn, the microbiota can affect the ongoing treatment. Numerous studies on the influence of the gut microbiota on the efficacy of immunotherapy, particularly in disseminated melanoma, have been conducted. It has been suggested that primary resistance to immunotherapy may be related to the abnormal composition of the gut microbiota. The level of gut microfora composition diversity and the number of Faecalibacterium or Bacteroidales in the fecal microbiota have been suggested to be the predictor of response to anti-PD-1 therapy. To change the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, several therapeutic methods, such as the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as the change in the microbiota composition through a specific diet, are available. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>онкогенез</kwd><kwd>внутриопухолевые бактерии</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>антибиотикотерапия</kwd><kwd>сопроводительная терапия</kwd><kwd>трансплантация фекальной микробиоты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>cancerogenesis</kwd><kwd>intratumoral bacteria</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>radiation therapy</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial therapy</kwd><kwd>supportive therapy</kwd><kwd>fecal microbiota transplantation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. 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