<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-257</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕТОДЫ ЯДЕРНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nuclear medicine technology for diagnosisof neuroendocrine tumors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">d_ryjkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Тikhonova</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grineva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр сердца, крови и эндокринологии им. В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.A. Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, St-Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыжкова Д.В., Тихонова Д.Н., Гринева Е.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжкова Д.В., Тихонова Д.Н., Гринева Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhkova D.V., Тikhonova D.N., Grineva E.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/257">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/257</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор литературы посвящен анализу радиофармацевтических препаратов (РФП) и современных радиоизотопных технологий для диагностики, стадирования и оценки прогноза при нейроэндокринных опухолях различных локализаций. На основании результатов клинических исследований продемонстрированы диагностические возможности сцинтиграфии и позитронной эмиссионной томографии (ПЭТ) при карциноидах кишки, поджелудочной железы и легких, медуллярном раке щитовидной железы, феохромоцитоме и параганглиоме и обоснован выбор РФП. Перечислены причины ложноположительных и ложноотрицательных результатов сцинтиграфии и ПЭТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is the review of issues of the literature for the past 10 years and is dedicated to the analysis of the radiopharmaceuticals and efficacy of the novel nuclear medicine technologies for the diagnosis, staging and prognosis of neuroendocrine tumors. Diagnostic efficacy of a scintigraphy and a positron emission tomography for detection of gastroenteropancreatic and lung carcinoid, medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma and haraganglioma and choice of radiopharmaceuticals were demonstrated by the results of the clinical studies. The causes of false positive and falce negative results were specified.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сцинтиграфия с мечеными лигандами к соматостатиновым рецепторам</kwd><kwd>позитронная эмиссионная томография</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринные опухоли</kwd><kwd>18F-ДОПА</kwd><kwd>68Ga-DOTA-пептиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>somatostatin receptor scintigraphy</kwd><kwd>positron emission tomography</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine tumors</kwd><kwd>18F-DOPA</kwd><kwd>68Ga-DOTA-peptides</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьев С.Г., Авдеев С.В., Пак А.В. и др. Опыт лечения АКТГ-эктопированной опухоли легкого//Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2009. № 6 (36). С. 83-86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Афанасьев С.Г., Авдеев С.В., Пак А.В. и др. Опыт лечения АКТГ-эктопированной опухоли легкого//Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2009. № 6 (36). С. 83-86</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров А.В., Кузин Н.М. Вопросы диагностики нейроэндокринных опухолей поджелудочной железы//Практическая онкология. 2005. Т. 6, № 4. С. 206-212</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Егоров А.В., Кузин Н.М. Вопросы диагностики нейроэндокринных опухолей поджелудочной железы//Практическая онкология. 2005. Т. 6, № 4. С. 206-212</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Имянитов Е.Н. Эпидемиология и биология нейроэндокринных опухолей//Практическая онкология. 2005. Т. 6, № 4. С. 202-205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Имянитов Е.Н. Эпидемиология и биология нейроэндокринных опухолей//Практическая онкология. 2005. Т. 6, № 4. С. 202-205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларенков А.А., Кодина Г.Е., Брускин А.Б. Радионуклиды галлия в ядерной медицине: радиофармацевтические препараты на основе изотопа 68Ga//Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2011. Т. 56, № 5. С. 56-73</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ларенков А.А., Кодина Г.Е., Брускин А.Б. Радионуклиды галлия в ядерной медицине: радиофармацевтические препараты на основе изотопа 68Ga//Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2011. Т. 56, № 5. С. 56-73</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Латыпов В.Р., Попов О.С., Вусик А.Н., Латыпова В.Н., Гейдаров Р.Я. Особенности и результаты хирургического лечения пациентов с опухолями надпочечников//Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2010. № 1 (37). С. 56-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Латыпов В.Р., Попов О.С., Вусик А.Н., Латыпова В.Н., Гейдаров Р.Я. Особенности и результаты хирургического лечения пациентов с опухолями надпочечников//Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2010. № 1 (37). С. 56-60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширяев С.В. Эмиссионная томография в комплексной диагностике опухолевых поражений печени: Автореф. дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 2009. 23 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ширяев С.В. Эмиссионная томография в комплексной диагностике опухолевых поражений печени: Автореф. дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 2009. 23 с</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahlstroem H., Eriksson B., Bergstroem M. et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Diagnosis with PET//Radiology. 1995. Vol. 195. P. 333-337</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahlstroem H., Eriksson B., Bergstroem M. et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Diagnosis with PET//Radiology. 1995. Vol. 195. P. 333-337</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander K., Putzer D., Uprimny C. et al. Functional imaging in phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma with 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide positron emission tomography and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2011. Vol. 38. P. 865-887</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander K., Putzer D., Uprimny C. et al. Functional imaging in phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma with 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide positron emission tomography and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2011. Vol. 38. P. 865-887</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ambrosini V., Tomassetti P., Castellucci P. et al. Comparison between 68Ga-DOTA-NOC and 18F-DOPA PET for the detection of gastro-enteropancreatic and lung neuro-endocrine tumours//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2008. Vol. 35. P. 1431-1438</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ambrosini V., Tomassetti P., Castellucci P. et al. Comparison between 68Ga-DOTA-NOC and 18F-DOPA PET for the detection of gastro-enteropancreatic and lung neuro-endocrine tumours//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2008. Vol. 35. P. 1431-1438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antunes P., Ginj M., Zhang H. et al. Are radiogallium-labelled DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analogues superior to those labelled with other radiometals//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2007. Vol. 34. P. 982-993</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antunes P., Ginj M., Zhang H. et al. Are radiogallium-labelled DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analogues superior to those labelled with other radiometals//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2007. Vol. 34. P. 982-993</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bansal R., Tierney W., Carpenter S. et al. Cost effectiveness of EUS for preoperative localization of pancreatic endocrine tumors//Gastrointest. Endoscop. 1999. Vol. 49 (1). P. 19-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bansal R., Tierney W., Carpenter S. et al. Cost effectiveness of EUS for preoperative localization of pancreatic endocrine tumors//Gastrointest. Endoscop. 1999. Vol. 49 (1). P. 19-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beheshti M., Pеocher S., Vali R. et al. The value of 18F-DOPA PET-CT in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with 18F-FDG PET-CT//Eur. Radiol. 2009. Vol. 19. P. 1425-1434</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beheshti M., Pеocher S., Vali R. et al. The value of 18F-DOPA PET-CT in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with 18F-FDG PET-CT//Eur. Radiol. 2009. Vol. 19. P. 1425-1434</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Binderup T., Knigge U., Loft A., Federspiel B. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography predicts survival of patients with neuroendocrine tumors//Clin. Cancer Res. 2010. Vol. 16 (3). P. 978-985</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Binderup T., Knigge U., Loft A., Federspiel B. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography predicts survival of patients with neuroendocrine tumors//Clin. Cancer Res. 2010. Vol. 16 (3). P. 978-985</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esser J.P., Krenning E.P., Teunissen J.J. et al. Comparison of [(177) Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr (3)]octreotate and [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr (3)]octreotide: which peptide is preferable for PRRT?//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2006. Vol. 33. P. 1346-1351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esser J.P., Krenning E.P., Teunissen J.J. et al. Comparison of [(177) Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr (3)]octreotate and [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr (3)]octreotide: which peptide is preferable for PRRT?//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2006. Vol. 33. P. 1346-1351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ezziddin S., Logvinski T., Yong-Hing C. et al. Factors predicting tracer uptake in somatostatin receptor and MIBG scintigraphy of metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors//J. Nucl. Med. 2006. Vol. 47. P. 223-233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ezziddin S., Logvinski T., Yong-Hing C. et al. Factors predicting tracer uptake in somatostatin receptor and MIBG scintigraphy of metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors//J. Nucl. Med. 2006. Vol. 47. P. 223-233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fanti S., Ambrosini V., Tomassetti P. et al. Evaluation of unusual neuroendocrine tumours by means of 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET//Biomed. Pharmacother. 2008. Vol. 62. P. 667-671</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fanti S., Ambrosini V., Tomassetti P. et al. Evaluation of unusual neuroendocrine tumours by means of 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET//Biomed. Pharmacother. 2008. Vol. 62. P. 667-671</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frilling A., Sotiropoulos G.C., Radtke A. et al. The impact of 68Ga-DOTATOC positron emission tomography/computed tomography on the multimodal management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors//Ann. Surg. 2010. Vol. 252. P. 850-856</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frilling A., Sotiropoulos G.C., Radtke A. et al. The impact of 68Ga-DOTATOC positron emission tomography/computed tomography on the multimodal management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors//Ann. Surg. 2010. Vol. 252. P. 850-856</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabriel M., Decristoforo C., Kendler D. et al. 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3octreotide PET in neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and CT//J. Nucl. Med. 2007. Vol. 48. P. 508-518</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabriel M., Decristoforo C., Kendler D. et al. 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3octreotide PET in neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and CT//J. Nucl. Med. 2007. Vol. 48. P. 508-518</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibril F., Curtis L.T., Termanini B. et al. Primary cardiac gastrinoma causing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome//Gastroenterology. 1997. Vol. 112 (2). P. 567-574</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibril F., Curtis L.T., Termanini B. et al. Primary cardiac gastrinoma causing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome//Gastroenterology. 1997. Vol. 112 (2). P. 567-574</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibril F., Reynolds J.C., Doppman J.L. et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of other imaging methods in detecting primary and metastaticgastrinomas//Ann. Intern. Med. 1996. Vol. 125. P. 26-34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibril F., Reynolds J.C., Doppman J.L. et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of other imaging methods in detecting primary and metastaticgastrinomas//Ann. Intern. Med. 1996. Vol. 125. P. 26-34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haug A., Auernhammer C.J., Wängler B. et al. Intraindividual comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-TATE and 18F-DOPA PET in patients with well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumours//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2009. Vol. 36. P. 765-770</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haug A., Auernhammer C.J., Wängler B. et al. Intraindividual comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-TATE and 18F-DOPA PET in patients with well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumours//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2009. Vol. 36. P. 765-770</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofmann M., Maecke H., Borner R. et al. Biokinetics and imaging with the somatostatin receptor PET radioligand (68)Ga-DOTATOC: preliminary data//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 2001. Vol. 28. P. 1751-1757</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofmann M., Maecke H., Borner R. et al. Biokinetics and imaging with the somatostatin receptor PET radioligand (68)Ga-DOTATOC: preliminary data//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 2001. Vol. 28. P. 1751-1757</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Imani F., Agopian V.G., Auerbach M.S. et al. 18F-FDOPAPET and PET/CT accurately localize pheochromocytomas//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 513-519</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Imani F., Agopian V.G., Auerbach M.S. et al. 18F-FDOPAPET and PET/CT accurately localize pheochromocytomas//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 513-519</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobson A.F., Deng H., Lombard J. et al. 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the detection of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma: results of a meta-analysis//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010. Vol. 95. P. 2596-2606</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobson A.F., Deng H., Lombard J. et al. 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the detection of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma: results of a meta-analysis//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010. Vol. 95. P. 2596-2606</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jager P., Chirakal R., Marriott C.J. et al. 6-L-18F-Fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET in neuroendocrine tumors: basic aspects and emerging clinical applications//J. Nucl. Med. 2008. Vol. 49. P. 573-586</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jager P., Chirakal R., Marriott C.J. et al. 6-L-18F-Fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET in neuroendocrine tumors: basic aspects and emerging clinical applications//J. Nucl. Med. 2008. Vol. 49. P. 573-586</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jindal T., Kumar A., Venkitaraman B. et al. Role of (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in the evaluation of primary pulmonary carcinoids//Korean J. Intern. Med. 2010. Vol. 25. P. 386-391</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jindal T., Kumar A., Venkitaraman B. et al. Role of (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in the evaluation of primary pulmonary carcinoids//Korean J. Intern. Med. 2010. Vol. 25. P. 386-391</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaltsas G., Korbonits M., Heintz E. et al. Comparison of somatostatin analog and meta-iodobenzylguanidine radionuclides in the diagnosis and localization of advanced neuroendocrine tumors//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001. Vol. 86. P. 895-902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaltsas G., Korbonits M., Heintz E. et al. Comparison of somatostatin analog and meta-iodobenzylguanidine radionuclides in the diagnosis and localization of advanced neuroendocrine tumors//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001. Vol. 86. P. 895-902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katlas G.A., Mukherjee J.J., Grossman A.B. The value of radiolabelled MIBG and octreotide in the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumours//Ann. Oncol. 2001. Vol. 12. Suppl. 2. S. 47-50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katlas G.A., Mukherjee J.J., Grossman A.B. The value of radiolabelled MIBG and octreotide in the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumours//Ann. Oncol. 2001. Vol. 12. Suppl. 2. S. 47-50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kauhanen S., Seppanen M., Minn H. Fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography as a tool to localize an insulinoma or b-cell hyperplasia in adult patients//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. Vol. 92. P. 1237-1244</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauhanen S., Seppanen M., Minn H. Fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography as a tool to localize an insulinoma or b-cell hyperplasia in adult patients//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. Vol. 92. P. 1237-1244</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kauhanen S., Seppaеnen M., Ovaska J. et al. The clinical value of [18F] fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography in primary diagnosis, staging, and restaging of neuroendocrine tumors//Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 2009. Vol. 16. P. 255-265</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauhanen S., Seppaеnen M., Ovaska J. et al. The clinical value of [18F] fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography in primary diagnosis, staging, and restaging of neuroendocrine tumors//Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 2009. Vol. 16. P. 255-265</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koopmans K.P., de Groot J.W., Plukker J.T. et al. 18F-dihydroxyphenylalanine PET in patients with biochemical evidence of medullary thyroid cancer: relation to tumor differentiation//J. Nucl. Med. 2008. Vol. 49. P. 524-531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koopmans K.P., de Groot J.W., Plukker J.T. et al. 18F-dihydroxyphenylalanine PET in patients with biochemical evidence of medullary thyroid cancer: relation to tumor differentiation//J. Nucl. Med. 2008. Vol. 49. P. 524-531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koopmans K.P., Neels O.C., Kema I.P. et al. Improved staging of patients with carcinoid and islet cell tumors with 18F-dihydroxy-phenylalanine and 11C-5-hydroxy-tryptophan positron emission tomography//J. Clin. Oncol. 2008. Vol. 26. P. 1489-1495</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koopmans K.P., Neels O.C., Kema I.P. et al. Improved staging of patients with carcinoid and islet cell tumors with 18F-dihydroxy-phenylalanine and 11C-5-hydroxy-tryptophan positron emission tomography//J. Clin. Oncol. 2008. Vol. 26. P. 1489-1495</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koukouraki S., Strauss L.G., Georgoulias V. et al. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of 68Ga-DOTATOC in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumours scheduled for 90Y-DOTATOC therapy//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2006. Vol. 33. P. 460-466</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koukouraki S., Strauss L.G., Georgoulias V. et al. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of 68Ga-DOTATOC in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumours scheduled for 90Y-DOTATOC therapy//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2006. Vol. 33. P. 460-466</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kowalski J., Henze M., Schuhmacher J. et al. Evaluation of positron emission tomography imaging using [68Ga]-DOTA-D Phe(1)Tyr(3)-Octreotide in comparison to [111In]-DTPAOC SPECT. First results in patients with neuroendocrine tumors//Mol. Imaging Biol. 2003. Vol. 5. P. 42-48</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kowalski J., Henze M., Schuhmacher J. et al. Evaluation of positron emission tomography imaging using [68Ga]-DOTA-D Phe(1)Tyr(3)-Octreotide in comparison to [111In]-DTPAOC SPECT. First results in patients with neuroendocrine tumors//Mol. Imaging Biol. 2003. Vol. 5. P. 42-48</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwekkeboom D., Krenning E.P., de Jong M. Peptide receptor imaging and therapy//J. Nucl. Med. 2000. Vol. 41. P. 1704-1713</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwekkeboom D., Krenning E.P., de Jong M. Peptide receptor imaging and therapy//J. Nucl. Med. 2000. Vol. 41. P. 1704-1713</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwekkeboom D.J., Teunissen J.J., Bakker W.H. et al. Radiolabeled somatostatin analog [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate in patients with endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors//J. Clin. Oncol. 2005. Vol. 23. P. 2754-2762</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwekkeboom D.J., Teunissen J.J., Bakker W.H. et al. Radiolabeled somatostatin analog [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate in patients with endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors//J. Clin. Oncol. 2005. Vol. 23. P. 2754-2762</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebtahi R., Cadiot G., Sarda L. et al. Clinical impact of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the management of patients with neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors//J. Nucl. Med. 1997. Vol. 6. P. 853-858</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebtahi R., Cadiot G., Sarda L. et al. Clinical impact of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the management of patients with neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors//J. Nucl. Med. 1997. Vol. 6. P. 853-858</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McEwan A.J., Shapiro B., Sisson J.C. et al. Radio-iodobenzylguanidine for the scintigraphic location and therapy of adrenergic tumors//Semin. Nucl. Med. 1985. Vol. 15. P. 132-153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McEwan A.J., Shapiro B., Sisson J.C. et al. Radio-iodobenzylguanidine for the scintigraphic location and therapy of adrenergic tumors//Semin. Nucl. Med. 1985. Vol. 15. P. 132-153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minn H., Kauhanen S., Seppaenen M. et al. 18F-FDOPA: A Multiple-Target Molecule//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 1915-1918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minn H., Kauhanen S., Seppaenen M. et al. 18F-FDOPA: A Multiple-Target Molecule//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 1915-1918</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohnike K., Blankenstein O., Minn H. et al. [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography for preoperative localization in congenital hyperinsulinism//Horm. Res. 2008. Vol. 70. P. 65-72</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohnike K., Blankenstein O., Minn H. et al. [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography for preoperative localization in congenital hyperinsulinism//Horm. Res. 2008. Vol. 70. P. 65-72</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen J.T., Nielsen B.V., Rehling M. Location of adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma by I-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine SPECT//Clin. Nucl. Med. 1996. Vol. 21. P. 695-699</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen J.T., Nielsen B.V., Rehling M. Location of adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma by I-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine SPECT//Clin. Nucl. Med. 1996. Vol. 21. P. 695-699</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlefors H., Sundin A., Ahlstrоm H. et al. Positron Emission Tomography with 5-hydroxytryptophan in Neuroendocrine tumors//J. Clin. Oncol. 1998. Vol. 16. P. 2534-2542</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlefors H., Sundin A., Ahlstrоm H. et al. Positron Emission Tomography with 5-hydroxytryptophan in Neuroendocrine tumors//J. Clin. Oncol. 1998. Vol. 16. P. 2534-2542</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlefors H., Sundin A., Garske U. et al. Whole-body (11)C-5hydroxytryptophan positron emission tomography as a universal imaging technique for neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with somatostatin recep tor scintigraphy and computed tomography//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005. Vol. 90. P. 3392-3400</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlefors H., Sundin A., Garske U. et al. Whole-body (11)C-5hydroxytryptophan positron emission tomography as a universal imaging technique for neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with somatostatin recep tor scintigraphy and computed tomography//J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005. Vol. 90. P. 3392-3400</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prasad V., Ambrosini V., Hommann M. et al. Detection of unknown primary neuroendocrine tumours (CUP-NET) using 68Ga-DOTA-NOC receptor PET/CT//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2010. Vol. 37. P. 67-77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prasad V., Ambrosini V., Hommann M. et al. Detection of unknown primary neuroendocrine tumours (CUP-NET) using 68Ga-DOTA-NOC receptor PET/CT//Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2010. Vol. 37. P. 67-77</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Putzer D., Gabriel M., Henninger B. et al. Bone metastases in patients with neuroendocrine tumor: 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide PET in comparison to CT and bone scintigraphy//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 1214-1221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Putzer D., Gabriel M., Henninger B. et al. Bone metastases in patients with neuroendocrine tumor: 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide PET in comparison to CT and bone scintigraphy//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 1214-1221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raber M.N., Faintuch J., Abbruzzese J.L. et al. Continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil, etoposide and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients with metastaticcarcinomaof unknownprimaryorigin//Ann.Oncol.1991. Vol. 2. P. 519-520</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raber M.N., Faintuch J., Abbruzzese J.L. et al. Continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil, etoposide and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients with metastaticcarcinomaof unknownprimaryorigin//Ann.Oncol.1991. Vol. 2. P. 519-520</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srirajaskanthan R., Kayani I., Quigley A.M. The Role of 68GaDOTATATE PET in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors and Negative or Equivocal Findings on 111In-DTPA-Octreotide Scintigraphy//J. Nucl. Med. 2010. Vol. 51. P. 875-882</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srirajaskanthan R., Kayani I., Quigley A.M. The Role of 68GaDOTATATE PET in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors and Negative or Equivocal Findings on 111In-DTPA-Octreotide Scintigraphy//J. Nucl. Med. 2010. Vol. 51. P. 875-882</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sundin А. Nuclear imaging of neuroendocrine tumours//Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. Vol. 21 (1). P. 69-85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sundin А. Nuclear imaging of neuroendocrine tumours//Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. Vol. 21 (1). P. 69-85</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taieb D., Tessonnier L., Sebag F. et al. The role of 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FDG-PET in the management of malignant and multifocal phaeochromocytomas//Clin. Endocrin. (Oxf). 2008. Vol. 69. P. 580-586</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taieb D., Tessonnier L., Sebag F. et al. The role of 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FDG-PET in the management of malignant and multifocal phaeochromocytomas//Clin. Endocrin. (Oxf). 2008. Vol. 69. P. 580-586</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Termanini B., Gibil F., Reynolds J.C. et al. Value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: a prospective study in gastrinoma of its effect on clinical management//Gastroenterology. 1997. Vol. 112. P. 335-347</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Termanini B., Gibil F., Reynolds J.C. et al. Value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: a prospective study in gastrinoma of its effect on clinical management//Gastroenterology. 1997. Vol. 112. P. 335-347</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treglia G., Castaldi P., Rindi G. Diagnostic performance of Gallium-68 somatostatin receptor PET and PET/CT in patients with thoracic and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a meta-analysis//Endocrine. 2012. Vol. 42. P. 80-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treglia G., Castaldi P., Rindi G. Diagnostic performance of Gallium-68 somatostatin receptor PET and PET/CT in patients with thoracic and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a meta-analysis//Endocrine. 2012. Vol. 42. P. 80-87</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiseman G.A., Pacak K., O’Dorisio M.S. et al. Usefulness of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected primary or metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma: results from a prospective multicenter trial//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 1448-1454</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiseman G.A., Pacak K., O’Dorisio M.S. et al. Usefulness of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected primary or metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma: results from a prospective multicenter trial//J. Nucl. Med. 2009. Vol. 50. P. 1448-1454</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
