oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-6-153-171oncotomsk-2845Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРак желудка у больных молодого возраста. Литературный обзорEarly-onset gasrtric cancer (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-973XПугаевД. М.PugaevD. M.

Пугаев Дмитрий Михайлович - хирург-онколог 2-го онкологического отделения (абдоминальной онкологии), 

108814, г. Москва, пос. Коммунарка, ул. Сосенский стан, 8

Dmitry M. Pugaev - MD, surgical oncologist (oncosurgery department No 2), 

8, Sosensky Stan St., Moscow, pos. Kommunarka, 108814

dima.pugaev@gmail.comЛюбченкоЛ. Н.LyubchenkoL. N.

Любченко Людмила Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом молекулярной генетики и клеточных технологий, 105425, г. Москва, 3я Парковая ул., 51, стр. 1;

249036, г. Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4

Liudmila N. Lyubchenko - MD, DSc, Head of the Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Technologies, 51, build. 1, 3rd Parkovaya St., Moscow, 105425;

4, Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036

 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-2364РябовА. Б.RyabovA. B.

Рябов Андрей Борисович - доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела торакоабдоминальной онкохирургии, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3;

заместитель генерального директора по хирургии, 249036, г. Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4

Andrey B. Ryabov - MD, DSc, Head of the Department of Thoracoabdominal Cancer Surgery, 4, Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036;

Deputy General Director for Surgery, 3, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415КапринА. Д.KaprinA. D.

Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН и РАО, заведующий кафедрой онкологии и рентгенорадиологии им. В.П. Харченко, 117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6;

директор, 125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3;

генеральный директор, 249036, г. Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4

Andrey D. Kaprin - MD, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Chair of Oncology and Radiology named after Kharchenko, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198;

Director, 3, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284;

Director General, 4, Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036

ГБУЗ Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка» ДЗМРоссияKommunarka Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center, Moscow City Health DepartmentRussian FederationНИИ урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н.А. Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russia; National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the RussiaRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияP.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russia; National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the RussiaRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»; Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRUDN University; P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russia; National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the RussiaRussian Federation202305012024226153171Copyright © Пугаев Д.М., Любченко Л.Н., Рябов А.Б., Каприн А.Д., 20242024Пугаев Д.М., Любченко Л.Н., Рябов А.Б., Каприн А.Д.Pugaev D.M., Lyubchenko L.N., Ryabov A.B., Kaprin A.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/2845Актуальность

Актуальность. Проблема заболеваемости раком желудка (РЖ) среди пациентов молодого возраста представляет собой значимую медико-социальную проблему. Частота РЖ у молодых пациентов составляет до 6 % от общего количества выявленных случаев этого новообразования.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Поиск источников производился в системах Medline, Elibrary. Включены данные как ретроспективных, так и проспективных клинических исследований. Обобщен опыт зарубежных и отечественных авторов.

Результаты

Результаты. Прикладная значимость введенных молекулярно-генетических классификаций РЖ состоит в формировании оценочных групп прогноза течения заболевания на основании мультифакториального анализа. Указанные классификации свидетельствуют о том, что местнораспространенный и первично-диссемированнный РЖ, диагностированный у больных молодого возраста, чаще всего обусловлен GS подтипом (TCGA) и MSS/EMT подтипом (ACRG) и характеризуется мутациями в генах CDH1, RhoА, CLDN18-ARHGAP. Данные изменения сопровождаются превалированием диффузного РЖ по классификации Lauren, язвенно-инфильтративным или диффузно-инфильтративным типом РЖ по классификации Borrmann (тип III и IV) с наличием аденокарциномы высокой степени злокачественности в комбинации с перстневидноклеточным компонентом.

Заключение

Заключение. Наличие агрессивных факторов течения заболевания, а также превалирование местнораспространенных и первично-диссеминированных форм РЖ у пациентов молодого возраста диктует необходимость повышенной онкологической настороженности у врачей смежных специальностей, внедрение эндоскопического скрининга, что определяет раннюю выявляемость и обеспечивает благоприятные результаты как хирургического, так и комбинированного лечения.

Objective

Objective. Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC) constitutes a serious medical and social problem. Early-onset gastric cancer accounts for approximately 6% of all malignant epithelial neoplasms.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. We reviewed retrospective and prospective randomized trials using Medline and Elibrary databases.

Results

Results. The applied significance of the molecular genetic classifications consist in the formation of groups for evaluating prognosis of the disease using multifactorial analysis. This classification indicates that EOGC diagnosed at a locally advanced stage and primary dissemination is most often caused by GS (TCGA) and MSS/EMT(ACRG) subtypes and is characterized by mutations in CDH1, RhoA, CLDN18-ARHGAP genes. These changes are accompanied by the prevalence of diffuse histological type of gastric cancer according to the Lauren classification and ulcerated or infiltrative type according to the Borrmann classification (type III and IV) with the presence of high-grade adenocarcinoma with a signet ring cell component.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Considering the aggressiveness of gastric cancer in young patients, who more frequently present with locally advanced and metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, there is a need for increased cancer alertness among physicians of other specialties, early endoscopic controls to detect cancer at early stages and benefit from both surgical and multimodal treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.