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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2016-15-2-36-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНАЛИЗ МУТАЦИЙ В ГЕНАХ KRAS И BRAF ПРИ РАКЕ ТОЛСТОЙ И ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANALYSIS OF MUTATIONS IN KRAS AND BRAF GENES IN COLORECTAL CANCER IN RUSSIAN PATIENTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisareva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генно-инженерных методов исследования, НИИ молекулярной биологии и биофизики (г. Новосибирск, Российская Федерация). SPIN-код: 7151-5842.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Genetic engineering laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics (Novosibirsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 7151-5842.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katerina.pisareva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любченко</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ljubchenko</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией клинической онкогенетики НИИ клинической онкологии Российского онкологического центра им. Н.Н. Блохина (г. Москва, Российская Федерация). AuthorID: 140311.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of clinical oncogenetics, Russian Cancer Research Center memory of N.N. Blokhin (Moscow, Russia).  AuthorID: 140311.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clingen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией генно-инженерных методов исследования НИИ молекулярной биологии и биофизики (г. Новосибирск, Российская Федерация). SPIN-код: 2272-6747.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Genetic engineering laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics (Novosibirsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 2272-6747.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skoval@sibmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории инженерных методов исследования НИИ молекулярной биологии и биофизики (г. Новосибирск, Российская Федерация). SPIN-код: 5669-0201.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Genetic engineering laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics (Novosibirsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 5669-0201.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamanin@niimbb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ молекулярной биологии и биофизики СО РАМН, 630117, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2/12<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, SB RAMS, 2/12, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина, г. Москва<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Cancer Research Center memory of N.N. Blokhin, Moscow<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Писарева Е.Е., Любченко Л.Н., Коваленко С.П., Шаманин В.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Писарева Е.Е., Любченко Л.Н., Коваленко С.П., Шаманин В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pisareva E.E., Ljubchenko L.N., Kovalenko S.P., Shamanin V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/331">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/331</self-uri><abstract><p>Образцы опухоли толстой и прямой кишки (РТПК) от российских пациентов на наличие мутаций вгенах KRAS и BRAF исследовали с помощью двух высокочувствительных методов анализа: аллельспецифической ПЦР в режиме реального времени (ас-рв ПЦР) и секвенирования по Сэнгеру с блокированием аллеля дикого типа. Материал и методы. В качестве материала для исследования использовали срезы свежезамороженной и фиксированной в формалине и заключенной в парафин ткани опухоли от 80 пациентов. На гистологическом исследовании было определено содержание опухолевых клеток в каждом образце. Образцы были протестированы методом ас-рв ПЦР на мутации в гене KRAS (G12C, G12S, G12R, G12V, G12D, G12A, G13D) и мутации BRAFV600E. Затем была проведена амплификация ДНК образцов в присутствии олигонуклеотида, блокирующего амплификацию аллеля KRAS дикого типа с дальнейшем секвенированием ДНК по Сэнгеру. Результаты. По данным гистологического заключения из 80 образцов низкое содержание опухолевых клеток (&lt;20 %) было обнаружено в 5 (6 %) случаях. В модельных экспериментах оба метода анализа позволяли детектировать 5 % аллеля с мутацией. Мутации в генах KRAS и BRAF были обнаружены в 37 (46 %) и 3 (3,8 %) случаях соответственно. Совпадение результатов анализа с помощью обоих методов произошло в 79 (98,8 %) случаях. Расхождение результатов анализа для одного образца связано с тем, что секвенирование ДНК по Сэнгеру обнаружило мутацию KRASG13R, тогда как ас-рв ПЦР не включала методику детекции этой мутации. Кроме того, мутация в гене KRAS была обнаружена в 2 образцах с низким содержанием опухолевых клеток. Обнаружены 2 случая с несколькими мутациями: 1 образец с мутациями в гене KRASG12V и G13D, а также 1 образец с мутациями KRASG13D и BRAFV600E. Заключение. Частота мутаций при РТПК для мутаций в гене KRAS составила 46 %, для BRAF – 3,8 %. Показана сходимость результатов анализа с помощью ас-рв ПЦР и секвенирования по Сэнгеру в 98,8 %. Полученные данные о частотах мутаций согласуются с исследованиями в других странах. В исследовании впервые обнаружен образец РТПК, одновременно содержащий мутации KRASG13D и BRAFV600E.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes in 80 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples from Russian patients were tested using two methods: 1) allele-specific real-time PCR (as-rt PCR) and 2) wild-type blocking PCR with Sanger sequencing (WTBS). Material and methods. Sections of fresh frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue from 80 patients were used in the study. Tumor tissue content was determined on H&amp;E stained sections. Samples were first tested by as-rtPCR for common mutations of the KRAS gene (G12C, G12S, G12R, G12V, G12D, G12A, G13D) and mutations BRAFV600E. After that samples were evaluated in PCR with oligonucleotide blocking amplification of wild-type DNA for enrichment with mutant allele followed by Sanger sequencing of the PCR DNA (WTBS method). Results. In 5 (6.3 %) cases samples had low tumor tissue content (&lt;20 %). In reconstruction experiments both methods detected 1–5 % mutant allele. Mutations of KRAS and BRAF genes were found in 37 (46 %) and 3 (3.8 %) of the clinical cases, respectively. Classification in to wild-type and mutant samples by both methods was in agreement in 79 (98.8 %) cases. A single case with rare mutation KRASG13R was detected by WTBS, but was missed by as-rtPCR since this mutation is not included in the test. Of note, KRAS mutations were detected by both tests in two cases with low tumor content. Two cases were found with multiple mutations: one with KRASG12V and G13D, and one with KRASG13D and BRAFV600E. Conclusion. The frequency of mutations in CRC was 46 % for mutations in the KRAS gene, and 3.8 % for the BRAF. We showed 98.8% agreement in KRAS mutation detection by sensitive Sanger sequencing and as-rt PCR. The data on the frequencies of mutations are in agreement with studies in other countries. This in the first study to discover CRC case with multiple mutations KRASG13D and BRAFV600E.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ПЦР в режиме реального времени</kwd><kwd>секвенирование по Сэнгеру</kwd><kwd>рак толстой и прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>real-time PCR</kwd><kwd>Sanger sequencing</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2011 году (заболеваемость и смертность) / Под ред. В.И. Чиссова, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. М., 2013. С. 1–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malignancies in Russia in 2011 (morbidity and mortality) / Ed. V.I. Chissov, V.V. Starinskiy, G.V. Petrov. M., 2013. P. 1–15. 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