oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-1-49-58oncotomsk-3451Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯCLINICAL STUDIESВлияние прогностических факторов на показатели выживаемости у больных с несветлоклеточным почечно-клеточным ракомEffect of prognostic factors on survival rates in patients with non-clear cell renal cell carcinomahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-8446СеменовД. В.SemenovD. V.

Семенов Дмитрий Владимирович - доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры онкологии медицинского факультета, ФГБОУ ВО «СПбГУ»; врач отделения онкоурологии, СПб ГБУЗ «Городской КОД».

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9; 198255, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Ветеранов, 56

Dmitry V. Semenov - MD, DSc, Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, Saint Petersburg State University; Urologic oncologist, Saint Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center.

7-9, Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034; 56, Veteranov Ave., Saint Petersburg, 198255

sema.69@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-5517ОрловаР. В.OrlovaR. V.

Орлова Рашида Вахидовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой онкологии медицинского факультета, ФГБОУ ВО «СПбГУ»; главный специалист по клинической онкологии, СПб ГБУЗ «Городской КОД».

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9; 198255, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Ветеранов, 56

Rashida V. Orlova - MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University; Chief Specialist in Clinical Oncology, Saint Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center.

7-9, Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034; 56, Veteranov Ave., Saint Petersburg, 198255

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4109-6451ШирокорадВ. И.ShirokoradV. I.

Широкорад Валерий Иванович - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий онкоурологическим отделением.

143423, Московская область, пос. Истра, 27

Valery I. Shirokorad - MD, Head of the Urologic Oncology Department, Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62.

27, village Istra, Moscow region, 143423

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1489КострицкийС. В.KostritskyS. V.

Кострицкий Станислав Викторович – онкоуролог.

143423, Московская область, пос. Истра, 27

Stanislav V. Kostritsky - MD, Urologic Oncologist, Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62.

27, village Istra, Moscow region, 143423

ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»; СПб ГБУЗ «Городской клинический онкологический диспансер»РоссияSaint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg City Clinical Oncology CenterRussian FederationГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московская городская онкологическая больница № 62 ДЗМ»РоссияMoscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62Russian Federation2025180320252414958Copyright © Семенов Д.В., Орлова Р.В., Широкорад В.И., Кострицкий С.В., 20252025Семенов Д.В., Орлова Р.В., Широкорад В.И., Кострицкий С.В.Semenov D.V., Orlova R.V., Shirokorad V.I., Kostritsky S.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3451

В настоящее время необходим поиск новых прогностических факторов у больных несветлоклеточным почечно-клеточным раком (нмПКР) для проведения персонализированной терапии с целью повышения показателей выживаемости. Цель исследования – изучение наиболее важных прогностических факторов, влияющих на показатели выживаемости у больных нмПКР. Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 114 пациентов с нмПКР, получавших лечение в Московской городской онкологической больнице № 62 и Городском клиническом онкологическом диспансере г. Санкт-Петербурга с 2006 по 2022 г. Папиллярный рак выявлен у 46 (40,3 %), хромофобный – у 19 (16,7 %) и саркоматоидный – у 49 (43 %) пациентов. Неблагоприятный прогноз, по данным Международного консорциума базы ПКР (IMDC), был у 74 (64,9 %) пациентов, при этом низкодифференцированные опухоли диагностированы у 72 (63,2 %). Множественные метастазы выявлены у 88 (77,2 %) больных. Изучены клинико-морфологические факторы прогноза, влияющие на показатели выживаемости у больных нмПКР. Результаты. Показатели 3- и 5-летней общей выживаемости (ОВ) у больных нмПКР составили 27 % [95 % ДИ 20–37 %] и 10 % [95 % ДИ 5–18 %] соответственно. При однофакторном анализе выявлено, что отрицательное влияние на показатели выживаемости оказывали гистологический подтип опухоли (p<0,001), статус по шкале оценки общего состояния больного (ECOG) (p=0,048), степень дифференцировки опухоли по Fuhrman (p<0,001), количество метастазов (p=0,019), метастазы в печень (p=0,012) и лимфатические узлы (p<0,001), уровень гемоглобина (p<0,001), щелочной фосфатазы (p<0,001), лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ) (p=0,005), тромбоцитов (p<0,001) и СОЭ (p<0,001), а также проведение метастазэктомии (p=0,033). При многофакторном анализе возраст старше 75 лет (p=0,041), гистологический подтип опухоли (p=0,015), тип метастазов (p=0,049), метастазы в печень (р=0,011) и лимфатические узлы (p=0,026) и уровень гемоглобина (p=0,001) были дополнительными факторами, влияющими на показатели ОВ у пациентов с нмПКР. Заключение. Прогностические факторы, изученные в данном исследовании – возраст старше 75 лет, тип метастазов, метастазы в печень, лимфатические узлы и уровень гемоглобина, – могут обеспечить персонализированный подход к комплексному лечению и оценку показателей выживаемости у пациентов с нмПКР.

Currently, there is a need to search for new prognostic factors in patients with non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) for personalized therapy to improve survival rates. Objective: To study the most important prognostic factors influencing survival rates in patients with nccRCC. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the data of 114 patients with nccRCC treated at the Moscow City Oncologic Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the City Clinical Oncology Center (St. Petersburg) from 2006 to 2022 was carried out. Papillary cancer was detected in 46 (40.3 %) patients, chromophobe cancer in 19 (16.7 %) and sarcomotoid cancer in 49 (43 %) patients. Seventy-four (64.9 %) patients had an unfavourable prognosis according to international RCC Data Base Consortium, with low-differentiated tumors in 72 (63.2 %) patients. Multiple metastases were detected in 88 (77.2 %) patients. The study investigated clinical and morphologic prognostic factors influencing survival rates in nccRCC patients. Results. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in nccRCC patients were 27 % [95 % ci 20–37 %] and 10 % [95 % CI 5–18 %], respectively. Univariate analysis in patients with nccRCC revealed that survival was negatively affected by tumor histological subtype (p<0.001), ECOG performance status (p=0.048), Fuhrman tumor differentiation grade (p<0.001), number of metastases (p=0.019), liver metastases (p=0.012) and lymph node metastases (p<0.001), hemoglobin (p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p=0.005), platelets (p<0.001), and ESR (p<0.001) levels, as well as metastasectomy (p=0.033). in multivariate analysis, age older than 75 years (p=0.041), tumor histological subtype (p=0.015), type of metastases (p=0.049), liver (p=0.011) and lymph node (p=0.026) metastases, and hemoglobin level (p=0.001) were additional factors affecting the OS in patients with nccRCC. Conclusion. The prognostic factors, such as age over 75 years, type of metastases, metastases to liver, lymph nodes, and hemoglobin level, may provide a personalized approach to comprehensive treatment and evaluation of survival rates in patients with nccRCC.

несветлоклеточный ракобщая выживаемостьпрогностические факторыnon-clear cell canceroverall survivalprognostic factorsReferencesSims J.N., Yedjou C.G., Abugri D., Payton M., Turner T., Miele L., Tchounwou P.B. Racial Disparities and Preventive Measures to Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018; 15(6). doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061089.Sims J.N., Yedjou C.G., Abugri D., Payton M., Turner T., Miele L., Tchounwou P.B. Racial Disparities and Preventive Measures to Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018; 15(6). doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061089.Bedke J., Gauler T., Grünwald V., Hegele A., Herrmann E., Hinz S., Janssen J., Schmitz S., Schostak M., Tesch H., Zastrow S., Miller K. Systemic therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol. 2017; 35(2): 179–88. doi: 10.1007/s00345-016-1868-5.Bedke J., Gauler T., Grünwald V., Hegele A., Herrmann E., Hinz S., Janssen J., Schmitz S., Schostak M., Tesch H., Zastrow S., Miller K. Systemic therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol. 2017; 35(2): 179–88. doi: 10.1007/s00345-016-1868-5.Armstrong A.J., Halabi S., Eisen T., Broderick S., Stadler W.M., Jones R.J., Garcia J.A., Vaishampayan U.N., Picus J., Hawkins R.E., Hainsworth J.D., Kollmannsberger C.K., Logan T.F., Puzanov I., Pickering L.M., Ryan C.W., Protheroe A., Lusk C.M., Oberg S., George D.J. Everolimus versus sunitinib for patients with metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ASPEN): a multicentre, open-label, randomized phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17(3): 378–88. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00515-X.Armstrong A.J., Halabi S., Eisen T., Broderick S., Stadler W.M., Jones R.J., Garcia J.A., Vaishampayan U.N., Picus J., Hawkins R.E., Hainsworth J.D., Kollmannsberger C.K., Logan T.F., Puzanov I., Pickering L.M., Ryan C.W., Protheroe A., Lusk C.M., Oberg S., George D.J. Everolimus versus sunitinib for patients with metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ASPEN): a multicentre, open-label, randomized phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17(3): 378–88. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00515-X.Dutcher J.P., de Souza P., McDermott D., Figlin R.A., Berkenblit A., Thiele A., Krygowski M., Strahs A., Feingold J., Hudes G. Effect of temsirolimus versus interferon-alpha on outcome of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma of different tumor histologies. Med Oncol. 2009; 26(2): 202–9. doi: 10.1007/s12032-009-9177-0.Dutcher J.P., de Souza P., McDermott D., Figlin R.A., Berkenblit A., Thiele A., Krygowski M., Strahs A., Feingold J., Hudes G. Effect of temsirolimus versus interferon-alpha on outcome of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma of different tumor histologies. Med Oncol. 2009; 26(2): 202–9. doi: 10.1007/s12032-009-9177-0.Bergmann L., Grünwald V., Maute L., Grimm M.O., Weikert S., Schleicher J., Klotz T., Greiner J., Flörcken A., Hartmann A., Gauler T. A Randomized Phase IIa Trial with Temsirolimus versus Sunitinib in Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Intergroup Study of the CESAR Central European Society for Anticancer Drug Research-EWIV and the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Renal Cell Cancer (IAGN) of the German Cancer Society. Oncol Res Treat. 2020; 43(7–8): 333–39. doi: 10.1159/000508450.Bergmann L., Grünwald V., Maute L., Grimm M.O., Weikert S., Schleicher J., Klotz T., Greiner J., Flörcken A., Hartmann A., Gauler T. A Randomized Phase IIa Trial with Temsirolimus versus Sunitinib in Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Intergroup Study of the CESAR Central European Society for Anticancer Drug Research-EWIV and the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Renal Cell Cancer (IAGN) of the German Cancer Society. Oncol Res Treat. 2020; 43(7–8): 333–39. doi: 10.1159/000508450.Chahoud J., Msaouel P., Campbell M.T., Bathala T., Xiao L., Gao J., Zurita A.J., Shah A.Y., Jonasch E., Sharma P., Tannir N.M. Nivolumab for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (nccRCC): A Single-Institutional Experience and Literature Meta-Analysis. Oncologist. 2020; 25(3): 252–58. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0372.Chahoud J., Msaouel P., Campbell M.T., Bathala T., Xiao L., Gao J., Zurita A.J., Shah A.Y., Jonasch E., Sharma P., Tannir N.M. Nivolumab for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (nccRCC): A Single-Institutional Experience and Literature Meta-Analysis. Oncologist. 2020; 25(3): 252–58. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0372.Wallis C.J.D., Butaney M., Satkunasivam R., Freedland S.J., Patel S.P., Hamid O., Pal S.K., Klaassen Z. Association of Patient Sex With Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Overall Survival in Advanced Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2019; 5(4): 529–36. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5904.Wallis C.J.D., Butaney M., Satkunasivam R., Freedland S.J., Patel S.P., Hamid O., Pal S.K., Klaassen Z. Association of Patient Sex With Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Overall Survival in Advanced Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2019; 5(4): 529–36. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5904.Tomita Y., Fukasawa S., Shinohara N., Kitamura H., Oya M., Eto M., Tanabe K., Saito M., Kimura G., Yonese J., Yao M., Uemura H. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: Japanese subgroup 3-year follow-up analysis from the Phase III CheckMate 025 study. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019; 49(6): 506–14. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyz026.Tomita Y., Fukasawa S., Shinohara N., Kitamura H., Oya M., Eto M., Tanabe K., Saito M., Kimura G., Yonese J., Yao M., Uemura H. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: Japanese subgroup 3-year follow-up analysis from the Phase III CheckMate 025 study. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019; 49(6): 506–14. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyz026.Drobner J., Portal D., Runcie K., Yang Y., Singer E.A. Systemic Treatment for Advanced and Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Examining Modern Therapeutic Strategies for a Notoriously Challenging Malignancy. J Kidney Cancer VHL. 2023; 10(3): 37–60. doi: 10.15586/jkcvhl.v10i3.295.Drobner J., Portal D., Runcie K., Yang Y., Singer E.A. Systemic Treatment for Advanced and Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Examining Modern Therapeutic Strategies for a Notoriously Challenging Malignancy. J Kidney Cancer VHL. 2023; 10(3): 37–60. doi: 10.15586/jkcvhl.v10i3.295.Powles T., Plimack E.R., Soulières D., Waddell T., Stus V., Gafanov R., Nosov D., Pouliot F., Melichar B., Vynnychenko I., Azevedo S.J., Borchiellini D., McDermott R.S., Bedke J., Tamada S., Yin L., Chen M., Molife L.R., Atkins M.B., Rini B.I. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib monotherapy as first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-426): extended follow-up from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(12): 1563–73. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30436-8. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(12). doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30699-9.Powles T., Plimack E.R., Soulières D., Waddell T., Stus V., Gafanov R., Nosov D., Pouliot F., Melichar B., Vynnychenko I., Azevedo S.J., Borchiellini D., McDermott R.S., Bedke J., Tamada S., Yin L., Chen M., Molife L.R., Atkins M.B., Rini B.I. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib monotherapy as first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-426): extended follow-up from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(12): 1563–73. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30436-8. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(12). doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30699-9.Motzer R.J., Tannir N.M., McDermott D.F., Arén Frontera O., Melichar B., Choueiri T.K., Plimack E.R., Barthélémy P., Porta C., George S., Powles T., Donskov F., Neiman V., Kollmannsberger C.K., Salman P., Gurney H., Hawkins R., Ravaud A., Grimm M.O., Bracarda S., Barrios C.H., Tomita Y., Castellano D., Rini B.I., Chen A.C., Mekan S., McHenry M.B., Wind-Rotolo M., Doan J., Sharma P., Hammers H.J., Escudier B.; CheckMate 214 Investigators. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(14): 1277–90. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1712126.Motzer R.J., Tannir N.M., McDermott D.F., Arén Frontera O., Melichar B., Choueiri T.K., Plimack E.R., Barthélémy P., Porta C., George S., Powles T., Donskov F., Neiman V., Kollmannsberger C.K., Salman P., Gurney H., Hawkins R., Ravaud A., Grimm M.O., Bracarda S., Barrios C.H., Tomita Y., Castellano D., Rini B.I., Chen A.C., Mekan S., McHenry M.B., Wind-Rotolo M., Doan J., Sharma P., Hammers H.J., Escudier B.; CheckMate 214 Investigators. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(14): 1277–90. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1712126.Lee C.H., Voss M.H., Carlo M.I., Chen Y.B., Zucker M., Knezevic A., Lefkowitz R.A., Shapnik N., Dadoun C., Reznik E., Shah N.J., Owens C.N., McHugh D.J., Aggen D.H., Laccetti A.L., Kotecha R., Feldman D.R., Motzer R.J. Phase II Trial of Cabozantinib Plus Nivolumab in Patients With Non-Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Genomic Correlates. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40(21): 2333–41. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.01944.Lee C.H., Voss M.H., Carlo M.I., Chen Y.B., Zucker M., Knezevic A., Lefkowitz R.A., Shapnik N., Dadoun C., Reznik E., Shah N.J., Owens C.N., McHugh D.J., Aggen D.H., Laccetti A.L., Kotecha R., Feldman D.R., Motzer R.J. Phase II Trial of Cabozantinib Plus Nivolumab in Patients With Non-Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Genomic Correlates. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40(21): 2333–41. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.01944.Barata P., Tangen C., Plets M., Thompson Jr I.M., Narayan V., George D.J., Heng D.Y.C., Shuch B., Stein M., Gulati S., Tretiakova M., Tripathi A., Bjarnason G.A., Humphrey P., Adeniran A., Vaishampayan U., Alva A., Zhang T., Cole S., Lara Jr P.N., Lerner S.P., Balzer-Haas N., Pal S.K. Final Overall SurvivalAnalysis of S1500:ARandomized, Phase II Study Comparing Sunitinib With Cabozantinib, Crizotinib, and Savolitinib in Advanced Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2024; 42(33): 3911–16. doi: 10.1200/JCO.24.00767.Barata P., Tangen C., Plets M., Thompson Jr I.M., Narayan V., George D.J., Heng D.Y.C., Shuch B., Stein M., Gulati S., Tretiakova M., Tripathi A., Bjarnason G.A., Humphrey P., Adeniran A., Vaishampayan U., Alva A., Zhang T., Cole S., Lara Jr P.N., Lerner S.P., Balzer-Haas N., Pal S.K. Final Overall SurvivalAnalysis of S1500:ARandomized, Phase II Study Comparing Sunitinib With Cabozantinib, Crizotinib, and Savolitinib in Advanced Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2024; 42(33): 3911–16. doi: 10.1200/JCO.24.00767.Motzer R.J., Penkov K., Haanen J., Rini B., Albiges L., Campbell M.T., Venugopa lB., Kollmannsberger C., Negrier S., Uemura M., Lee J.L., Vasiliev A., Miller W.H. Jr, Gurney H., Schmidinger M., Larkin J., Atkins M.B., Bedke J., Alekseev B., Wang J., Mariani M., Robbins P.B., Chudnovsky A., Fowst C., Hariharan S., Huang B., di Pietro A., Choueiri T.K. Avelumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(12): 1103–15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1816047.Motzer R.J., Penkov K., Haanen J., Rini B., Albiges L., Campbell M.T., Venugopa lB., Kollmannsberger C., Negrier S., Uemura M., Lee J.L., Vasiliev A., Miller W.H. Jr, Gurney H., Schmidinger M., Larkin J., Atkins M.B., Bedke J., Alekseev B., Wang J., Mariani M., Robbins P.B., Chudnovsky A., Fowst C., Hariharan S., Huang B., di Pietro A., Choueiri T.K. Avelumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(12): 1103–15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1816047.Graham J., Wells J.C., Dudani S., Gan C.L., Donskov F., Lee J.L., Kollmannsberger C.K., Meza L., Beuselinck B., Hansen A., North S.A., Bjarnason G.A., Sayegh N., Kanesvaran R., Wood L.A., Hotte S.J., McKay R.R., Choueiri T.K., Heng D.Y.C. Outcomes of patients with advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Eur J Cancer. 2022; 171: 124–32. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.002.Graham J., Wells J.C., Dudani S., Gan C.L., Donskov F., Lee J.L., Kollmannsberger C.K., Meza L., Beuselinck B., Hansen A., North S.A., Bjarnason G.A., Sayegh N., Kanesvaran R., Wood L.A., Hotte S.J., McKay R.R., Choueiri T.K., Heng D.Y.C. Outcomes of patients with advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Eur J Cancer. 2022; 171: 124–32. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.002.Hahn A.W., Surasi D.S., Viscuse P.V., Bathala T.K., Wiele A.J., Campbell M.T., Zurita A.J., Shah A.Y., Jonasch E., Gao J., Goswami S., Alhalabi O., Rao P., Sircar K., Tannir N.M., Msaouel P. Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid and/or Rhabdoid Dedifferentiation After Progression on Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Oncologist. 2024; 29(5): 392–99. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad302.Hahn A.W., Surasi D.S., Viscuse P.V., Bathala T.K., Wiele A.J., Campbell M.T., Zurita A.J., Shah A.Y., Jonasch E., Gao J., Goswami S., Alhalabi O., Rao P., Sircar K., Tannir N.M., Msaouel P. Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid and/or Rhabdoid Dedifferentiation After Progression on Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Oncologist. 2024; 29(5): 392–99. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad302.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.