oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-1-115-124oncotomsk-3457Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭпигенетические нарушения и нейроэндокринная дифференцировка при раке предстательной железыEpigenetic abnormalities and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancerКовченкоГ. А.KovchenkoG. A.

Ковченко Григорий Александрович - младший научный сотрудник инновационного отдела.

105425, Москва, 3-я Парковая ул., 51, стр. 1

Grigori A. Kovchenko - Junior Researcher, Innovation Department, N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

51, build. 1, 3rd Parkovaya St., Moscow, 105425

gkovchenko@mail.ruСивковА. В.SivkovA. V.

Сивков Андрей Владимирович - кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе.

105425, Москва, 3-я Парковая ул., 51, стр. 1

Andrey V. Sivkov - MD, PhD, Deputy Director, N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

51, build. 1, 3rd Parkovaya St., Moscow, 105425

ЛюбченкоЛ. Н.LyubchenkoL. N.

Любченко Людмила Николаевна - доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом молекулярной генетики и клеточных технологий.

105425, Москва, 3-я Парковая ул., 51, стр. 1

Liudmila N. Lyubchenko - MD, DSc, Head of the Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Technologies, N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

51, build. 1, 3rd Parkovaya St., Moscow, 105425

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415КапринА. Д.KaprinA. D.

Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН и РАО, заведующий кафедрой онкологии и рентгенорадиологии им. В.П. Харченко, ФГАОУ ВО «РУДН»; директор, МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России; генеральный директор, ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России.

249036, Обнинск, ул. Королева, 4; 125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3; 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

Andrey D. Kaprin - MD, DSc, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Chair of Oncology and Radiology named after Kharchenko, RUDN University; Director, P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russia; Director General, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russia.

4, Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036; 3, 2nd Botkinsky Drive, Moscow, 125284; 6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198

Researcher ID (WOS) K-1445-2014

Научно-исследовательский институт урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н.А. Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияNational Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia; P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of The Ministry of Health of Russia; RUDN UniversityRussian Federation202518032025241115124Copyright © Ковченко Г.А., Сивков А.В., Любченко Л.Н., Каприн А.Д., 20252025Ковченко Г.А., Сивков А.В., Любченко Л.Н., Каприн А.Д.Kovchenko G.A., Sivkov A.V., Lyubchenko L.N., Kaprin A.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3457

Актуальность. Эпигенетические аберрации при раке предстательной железы (РПЖ) в отличие от генетических изменений могут быть обращены вспять под воздействием химического агента. Этот факт делает изучение эпигенетических изменений важным объектом в качестве потенциальных терапевтических мишеней. Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты поиска по научным базам данных PubMed, Medline, по научной электронной библиотеке eLibrary.ru по следующим запросам – ключевым словам: epigenetics prostate cancer (эпигенетика при раке предстательной железы), lineage plasticity (линейная пластичность), neuroendocrine differentiation (нейроэндокринная дифференцировка). Для данного обзора литературы подобраны 84 актуальные публикации зарубежных и отечественных авторов. В обзор включены исследования за период с 1982 по 2024 г. Результаты. Наиболее изученными эпигенетическими мутациями являются гипо- и гиперметилирование ДНК, вариативность гистонов (метилирование и ацетилирование), нейроэндокринная дифференцировка. Заключение. Изучение геномного ландшафта способно раскрыть новые возможности для улучшения диагностики и терапии такого летального заболевания, как кастрационно-резистентный РПЖ. Важен не только поиск новых биомаркеров для выявления генетических нарушений, но и изучение оптимальной терапии распространенного РПЖ.

Objective. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic aberrations in prostate cancer can be reversed under the influence of a chemical agent. This fact makes the study of epigenetic changes an important object as potential therapeutic targets. Material and methods. PubMed, Medline, eLibrary.ru databases were analyzed for the keywords: epigenetic prostate cancer, lineage plasticity, neuroendocrine differentiation. For this literature review, 84 relevant publications were selected. The review included studies from 1982 to 2024. Results. The most widely studied epigenetic mutations are DNA hypo- and hypermethylation, histone variability (methylation and acetylation), and neuroendocrine differentiation. Conclusion. The study of the genomic landscape can reveal new opportunities for improving the diagnosis and therapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is a potentially lethal form of the disease. It is important not only to search for new biomarkers to identify genetic disorders, but also to study the optimal therapy for advanced prostate cancer.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.