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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-1-125-141</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-3458</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мутации в «горячих» точках генов FLT3, NPM1, IDH1, IDH2 и DNMT3A при остром миелоидном лейкозе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mutations in the “hot spots” of the FLT3, NPM1, IDH1, IDH2 and DNMT3A genes in acute myeloid leukemia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-7285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воропаева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voropaeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воропаева Елена Николаевна - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярно-генетических исследований терапевтических заболеваний, НИИТПМ — филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН; доцент кафедры терапии, гематологии и трансфузиологии ФПК и ППВ, ФГБОУ ВО «НГМУ» Минздрава России.</p><p>630089, Новосибирск, ул. Б. Богаткова, 175/1; 630091, Новосибирск, ул. Красный проспект, 52</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS) A-5360-2014, Author ID (Scopus) 36020818100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Voropaeva - MD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Studies of Therapeutic Diseases, Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine – branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Associate Professor, Department of Therapy, Haematology and Transfusiology of the FPC and PPV, Associate Professor, Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University.</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov St., Novosibirsk, 630089; 52, Red Prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS) A-5360-2014, Author ID (Scopus) 36020818100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vena.81@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурундукова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burundukova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурундукова Марина Викторовна – гематолог.</p><p>630051, Новосибирск, ул. Ползунова, 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Burundukova - MD, Hematologist, City Clinical Hospital No. 2.</p><p>21, Polzunova St., Novosibirsk, 630051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лызлова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyzlova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лызлова Арина Андреевна – гематолог.</p><p>630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina A. Lyzlova - MD, Hematologist, State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital.</p><p>130, Nemirovicha-Danchenko St., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухонцева</surname><given-names>И. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhontseva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чухонцева Ирина Андреевна - аспирант кафедры терапии, гематологии и трансфузиологии ФПК и ППВ, ФГБОУ ВО «НГМУ» Минздрава России; врач клинической лабораторной диагностики, ГБУЗ НСО «ГКБ № 2».</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, ул. Красный проспект, 52; 630051, Новосибирск, ул. Ползунова, 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Chukhontseva - MD, Postgraduate, Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics, City Clinical Hospital No. 2.</p><p>52, Red Prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091; 21, Polzunova St., Novosibirsk, 630051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-4496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Владимир Николаевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией молекулярно-генетических методов исследования терапевтических заболеваний, НИИТПМ — филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН; профессор кафедры медицинской генетики и биологии лечебного факультета, ФГБОУ ВО «НГМУ» Минздрава России.</p><p>630089, Новосибирск, ул. Б. Богаткова, 175/1; 630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Красный проспект, 52</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS) H-7676-2012, Author ID (Scopus) 7202540327</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Maksimov - MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular-genetic Methods for the Study of Therapeutic Diseases, Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine – branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Professor, Department of Medical Genetics and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov St., Novosibirsk, 630089; 52, Red Prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS) H-7676-2012, Author ID (Scopus) 7202540327</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-5470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поспелова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pospelova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поспелова Татьяна Ивановна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой терапии, гематологии и трансфузиологии ФПК и ППВ.</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, ул. Красный проспект, 52</p><p>Author ID (Scopus) 7005792562</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana I. Pospelova - MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>52, Red prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091</p><p>Author ID (Scopus) 7005792562</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Института цитологии и генетики СО РАН; ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НСО «Городская клиническая больница № 2»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ НСО «Городская клиническая больница № 2»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; City Clinical Hospital No. 2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воропаева Е.Н., Бурундукова М.В., Лызлова А.А., Чухонцева И.A., Максимов В.Н., Поспелова Т.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воропаева Е.Н., Бурундукова М.В., Лызлова А.А., Чухонцева И.A., Максимов В.Н., Поспелова Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voropaeva E.N., Burundukova M.V., Lyzlova A.A., Chukhontseva I.A., Maksimov V.N., Pospelova T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3458">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3458</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – систематизация и представление современных данных о распространенности, сочетанности и клиническом значении мутаций в «горячих» точках генов FLT3, NPM1, IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A при остром миелоидном лейкозе (ОМЛ). Материал и методы. Проведен поиск доступных отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников, опубликованных в базах данных PubMed и РИНЦ за последние 10 лет. Найдено 509 источников. Из анализа были исключены публикации типа «Письма редактору» и «Комментарии» на опубликованные работы, исследования на животных и клеточных моделях, а также работы по вторичному ОМЛ, ОМЛ/миелодиспластическому синдрому. Использовались в основном более свежие работы с доступным полным текстом публикации на русском или английском языке. В результате в данную статью были включены 66 работ. Выполнен анализ результатов высокопроизводительного секвенирования (NGS) образцов ОМЛ (1 567 взрослых пациентов и 144 детей), представленных в C-Bioportal for cancer genomics database (C-Bioportal). Результаты. В опубликованных научных исследованиях имеют место различный спектр одновременно исследуемых мутаций, разные методические подходы и небольшой объем исследуемых выборок пациентов с ОМЛ. Установлено, что на момент диагностики заболевания у больных может быть выявлено несколько драйверных мутаций в генах NPM1, IDH1/2, FLT3 и DNMT3A, что подразумевает их молекулярный синергизм, способствующий развитию опухоли. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о накоплении рекуррентных мутаций генов DNMT3A, NPM1, FLT3, IDH1 и IDH2 при лейкозогенезе, начиная от этапа клонального гемопоэза неустановленного значения и заканчивая дебютом ОМЛ или его рецидивом. Согласно результатам анализа C-Bioportal, на момент диагностики заболевания у 46,6 % больных имеются изолированные или сочетанные прогностически значимые мутации DNMT3A р.R882, NPM1 р.W288cfs*12, FLT3-ITD и FLT3-TKD, IDH1 р.R132, а также IDH2 р.R140; у 35 % – мутации, для которых разработаны препараты таргетного воздействия (ингибиторы FLT3, IDH1 и IDH2); в каждом пятом (18,1 %) случае ОМЛ может быть обнаружена NPM1 р.W288cfs*12, которая используется в качестве самостоятельной мишени для молекулярной оценки минимальной остаточной болезни (МОБ), а в трети случаев – мишени для оценки МОБ, которые должны исследоваться в сочетании с дополнительными маркерами (FLT3-ITD и FLT3-TKD, IDH1 р.R132, IDH2 р.R140). Заключение. В связи с тем, что в реальной клинической практике до настоящего времени NGS остаётся малодоступным для пациентов методом, целесообразно скринирование популяции пациентов с ОМЛ на наличие имеющих клиническое значение мутаций в «горячих» точках рекуррентно мутирующих генов NPM1, IDH1/2, FLT3 и DNMT3A.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was to systematize and present up-to-date data on the prevalence, combination and clinical significance of mutations in the “hot spots” of the FLT3, NPM1, IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Material and methods. A search was conducted for available domestic and foreign literary sources published in the PubMed and RSCI database over the past 10 years. 509 sources were found. Publications such as “letters to the editor” and “comments” on published works, animal and cell model studies, as well as works on secondary AML, AML/myelodysplastic syndrome were excluded from the analysis. Mostly more recent works with the full text of the publication available in Russian or English were used. As a result, 66 papers were included in this article. The results of high-performance sequencing AML samples (1567 adults and 144 children) presented in the C-Bioportal for cancer genomics database (C-Bioportal) were analyzed. Results. In published scientific studies, there is a different spectrum of simultaneously investigated mutations, different methodological approaches and a small volume of studied samples of patients with AML. It was found that at the time of diagnosis of leukemia in patients, several driver mutations in the NPM1, IDH1/2, FLT3 and DNMT3A genes may be detected, which implies their molecular synergy contributing to tumor development. The available scientific data indicate the accumulation of recurrent mutations of the FLT3, NPM1, FLT3, IDH1 and IDH2 genes in leukemia, starting from the stage of clonal hematopoiesis of unknown significance and ending with the debut of AML or its recurrence. According to the results of the analysis of the C-Bioportal, at the time of diagnosis of the disease, 46.6 % of patients have isolated or combined prognostically significant mutations DNMT3A p.R882, NPM1 p.W288cfs*12, FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD, IDH1 p.R132, as well as IDH2 p.R140; 35 % – mutations for which targeted drugs have been developed (Flt3, idH1 and idH2 inhibitors); in every fifth (18.1 %) case of AML NPM1 p.W288cfs*12 can be detected, which is used as an independent target for the molecular assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD), and in a third of cases, targets for the assessment of MRD, which should be studied in combination with additional markers (FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD, IDH1 p.R132, IDH2 p.R140). Conclusion. Due to the fact that in real clinical practice, NGS remains an inaccessible method for patients to date, it is advisable to screen the population of patients with AML for the presence of clinically significant mutations in the “hot spots” of the recurrent mutating NPM1, IDH1/2, FLT3 and DNMT3A genes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>клональная эволюция</kwd><kwd>«горячие» точки мутаций</kwd><kwd>NPM1</kwd><kwd>IDH1</kwd><kwd>IDH2</kwd><kwd>FLT3</kwd><kwd>DNMT3A</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>минимальная остаточная болезнь</kwd><kwd>таргетное лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>clonal evolution</kwd><kwd>mutation hotspots</kwd><kwd>NPM1</kwd><kwd>IDH1</kwd><kwd>IDH2</kwd><kwd>FLT3</kwd><kwd>DNMT3A</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>minimal residual disease</kwd><kwd>targeted treatment</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Государственного задания по бюджетной теме № FWNR-2024-0004.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the State task on the budget topic No. FWNR-2024-0004.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации: Острые миелоидные лейкозы. 2024. 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