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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-1-59-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-3463</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ дефицита гомологичной рекомбинации при раке предстательной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of homologous recombination deficiency in prostate cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-5186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иевлева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iyevleva</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иевлева Аглая Геннадиевна - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aglaya G. Iyevleva - MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aglayai@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-7728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексахина</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksakhina</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексахина Светлана Николаевна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Aleksakhina - PhD, Senior Researcher, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6304-1609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколенко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколенко Анна Петровна - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna P. Sokolenko - MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0158-1820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отраднова</surname><given-names>Е. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Otradnova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отраднова Екатерина Андреевна - лаборант-исследователь лаборатории молекулярной онкологии.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Otradnova - Laboratory Assistant-Researcher, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9860-0771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Алиса Сергеевна - лаборант-исследователь лаборатории молекулярной онкологии.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa S. Nikitina - Laboratory Assistant-Researcher, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9410-9009</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashko</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кашко Кира Антоновна - лаборант-исследователь лаборатории молекулярной онкологии.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira A. Kashko - Laboratory Assistant-Researcher, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3206-2871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сёмина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syomina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сёмина Мария Вячеславовна - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Syomina - Junior Researcher, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3335-872X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Наталья Сергеевна - лаборант, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России; студентка, ФГБОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики».</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Morozova - laboratory assistant, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia; student, ITMO University.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-9693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестакова Анна Дмитриевна – патологоанатом.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna D. Shestakova - Pathologist, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-6540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулигина</surname><given-names>Е. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuligina</surname><given-names>E. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулигина Екатерина Шотовна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Sh. Kuligina - PhD, Senior Researcher, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-7891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имянитов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imyanitov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Имянитов Евгений Наумович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель научного отдела.</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny N. Imyanitov - MD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Research Department, N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>68, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Petrov National Medical Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иевлева А.Г., Алексахина С.Н., Соколенко А.П., Отраднова Е.A., Никитина А.С., Кашко К.А., Сёмина М.В., Морозова Н.С., Шестакова А.Д., Кулигина Е.Ш., Имянитов Е.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иевлева А.Г., Алексахина С.Н., Соколенко А.П., Отраднова Е.A., Никитина А.С., Кашко К.А., Сёмина М.В., Морозова Н.С., Шестакова А.Д., Кулигина Е.Ш., Имянитов Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iyevleva A.G., Aleksakhina S.N., Sokolenko A.P., Otradnova E.A., Nikitina A.S., Kashko K.A., Syomina M.V., Morozova N.S., Shestakova A.D., Kuligina E.S., Imyanitov E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3463">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3463</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Мутации в генах репарации ДНК по механизму гомологичной рекомбинации (Homologous Recombination Repair, HRR) (BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, NBN и др.) обнаруживаются у 20–25 % пациентов с метастатическим раком предстательной железы (РПЖ) и служат основанием для назначения терапии PARP-ингибиторами. Чувствительность к этим препаратам обусловлена дефицитом гомологичной рекомбинации (Homologous Recombination Deficiency, HRD) в опухоли. Роль повреждений в иных генах, помимо BRCA1/2, в возникновении HRD до сих пор полностью не выяснена. Цель исследования – оценить присутствие дефицита гомологичной рекомбинации ДНК при РПЖ с мутациями в разных генах HRR. Материал и методы. Парные образцы опухолевой и нормальной ДНК от 272 пациентов с РПЖ были исследованы при помощи таргетной NGS-панели HiSNP Ultra Panel v1.0 (Nanodigmbio). На основании полученных профилей нарушений копийности был определен индекс HRD, объединяющий 3 характеристики хромосомной нестабильности: количество протяженных участков потери гетерозиготности (LOH), хромосомных разрывов между фрагментами разной копийности длиной более 10 Мб (LST) и участков аллельного дисбаланса в области теломер (TAI). Величина индекса HRD была сопоставлена в разных категориях РПЖ при помощи критерия Манна–Уитни. Результаты. В число исследованных случаев вошли 58 РПЖ с патогенными/предположительно патогенными мутациями в хотя бы одном из 34 генов HRR и 214 РПЖ без мутаций HRR. Медиана индекса HRD в группах опухолей с мутациями BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, другими мутациями HRR и без мутаций HRR составила 41,0, 22,5, 7,5, 14,0 и 9,0 соответственно. В BRCA2-ассоциированных опухолях индекс HRD был достоверно выше, чем во всех перечисленных категориях РПЖ (p&lt;0,01 для всех сравнений), кроме случаев с мутациями ATM, для которых отличие не достигло формального уровня значимости (p=0,051). Дефицит гомологичной рекомбинации, определенный как индекс HRD≥25, наблюдался в 19/58 (32,8 %) РПЖ c мутациями HRR и в 40/214 (18,7 %) опухолях без мутаций HRR (p=0.03). В опухолях без мутаций HRR индекс HRD был значительно выше при наличии соматических мутаций TP53 (p&lt;0,0001). Заключение. В отличие от РПЖ c мутациями BRCA2, большинство опухолей c мутациями в генах CHEK2, NBN, BLM, FANCM, BRCA1 не характеризуются выраженным дефицитом гомологичной рекомбинации. В случае повреждений гена ATM примерно половина РПЖ имеет высокий индекс HRD. Определение индекса HRD позволяет выявить значительное число (5–19 %, в зависимости от выбранного порогового значения) опухолей с HRD среди РПЖ, не содержащих мутаций в генах HRR.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes (BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, NBN, etc.) are found in 20–25 % of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PC) and are an indication for prescription of PARP inhibitors. Sensitivity to these drugs results from homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in the tumor. It is currently not fully elucidated which HRR genes besides BRCA1/2 cause HRD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of homologous recombination deficiency in pc associated with mutations in different HRR genes. Material and methods. Paired tumor and normal DNA samples from 272 pc patients were examined using the HiSNP Ultra Panel v1.0 NGS panel (Nanodigmbio). Tumor copy number variation profiles were used to obtain the HRD score, which was determined as the unweighted sum of three characteristics: the number of chromosomal regions with loss of heterozygosity (LOH), large scale state transitions (LST), and telomeric allelic imbalances (TAI). HRD scores in different pc categories were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. Results. The studied case series included 58 pcs with pathogenic/ likely pathogenic mutations in at least one of 34 HRR genes, and 214 pcs without HRR mutations. The median HRD scores in the groups with BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, other HRR mutations and without HRR mutations were 41, 22.5, 7.5, 7.5, 14 and 9, respectively. The HRD score was significantly higher in BRCA2-associated tumors than in other PC categories (p&lt;0.01 for all comparisons), except in cases with atm mutations, where the difference did not reach formal significance (p=0.051). Homologous recombination deficiency, defined as HRD score ≥25, was observed in 19/58 (32.8 %) PCs with HRR mutations and 40/214 (18.7 %) tumors without HRR mutations (p=0.03). In tumors without HRR mutations, the HRD score was significantly higher in the presence of somatic TP53 mutations (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion. In contrast to BRCA2-associated PCs, most tumors with mutations in the CHEK2, NBN, BLM, FANCM, BRCA1 genes are not characterized by homologous recombination deficiency. in the case of ATM gene lesions, approximately half of pcs have a high HRD score. Testing for HRD score allows identification of a significant proportion (5–19 %, depending on the threshold chosen) of tumors with HRD among pcs that do not contain mutations in HRR genes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>дефицит гомологичной рекомбинации</kwd><kwd>хромосомная нестабильность</kwd><kwd>индекс HRD</kwd><kwd>мутации в генах гомологичной рекомбинации</kwd><kwd>PARP-ингибиторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>homologous recombination deficiency</kwd><kwd>chromosomal instability</kwd><kwd>HRD score</kwd><kwd>mutations in homologous recombination genes</kwd><kwd>PARP inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ № 23-15-00262.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 23-15-00262).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носов А.К., Рева С.А., Беркут М.В. 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