oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-2-117-125oncotomsk-3543Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРак шейки матки: эпидемиология, факторы риска, скрининг, методы лечения, профилактика и роль искусственного интеллектаCervical cancer demystified: exploring epidemiology, risk factors, screening, treatment modalities, preventive measures, and the role of artificial intelligencehttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-0430-5126MohammadN.MohammadN.

Nadia Mohammad, M.Phil., научный сотрудник 

87300, г. Кветта, Brewery Road 

Nadia Mohammad, M.Phil., Researcher 

Brewery Road, Quetta, 87300 

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4117-8780KhanM.KhanM.

Maria Khan, M.Phil., научный сотрудник 

87300, г. Кветта, Brewery Road 

Maria Khan, M.Phil., Researcher 

Brewery Road, Quetta, 87300 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-2904MaqsoodM.MaqsoodM.

Maryam Maqsood, PhD (медицинская микробиология), доцент кафедры 

87300, г. Кветта, Brewery Road 

Maryam Maqsood, PhD (Medical Microbiology: Virology, Drug Discovery, and Natural Products), Assistant Professor

Brewery Road, Quetta, 87300 

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3543-0425NaseebA.H.K.NaseebA. H. K.

Ahmed Hafiz Khush Naseeb, MBBS, FCPS, радиолог, директор 

87300, г. Кветта, Brewery Road 

Ahmed Hafiz Khush Naseeb, MBBS, FCPS, Nuclear Medicine Physician, Director

Brewery Road, Quetta, 87300 

Кафедра зоологии, факультет естественных наук, Женский университет им. Сардара Бахадура ХанаПакистанDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s UniversityPakistanЦентр ядерной медицины и радиотерапии (CENAR)ПакистанCenter for Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (CENAR)Pakistan202517052025242117125Copyright © Mohammad N., Khan M., Maqsood M., Naseeb A., 20252025Mohammad N., Khan M., Maqsood M., Naseeb A.Mohammad N., Khan M., Maqsood M., Naseeb A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3543

Рак шейки матки (РШМ) остается серьезной глобальной проблемой здравоохранения, особенно в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода, где доступ к профилактическим мерам и раннему выявлению ограничен. Цель исселедования - обобщить текущие литературные данные о профилактике, скрининге и лечении рака шейки матки, с акцентом на растущую роль искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в улучшении эффективности методов диагностики и лечения РШМ. Материал и методы. Проведен обзор литературы с использованием рецензируемых статей из Google Scholar, PubMed и Scopus. Поиск был сосредоточен на статьях, посвященных вакцинации против вируса папилломы человека (ВПЧ), методам скрининга рака шейки матки, стратегиям лечения и применению ИИ в лечении рака шейки матки. Результаты. Несмотря на достижения в профилактике и раннем выявлении, рак шейки матки остается основной причиной смертности от рака у женщин, особенно в слаборазвитых регионах. Такие методы скрининга, как мазки Папаниколау, тестирование ДНК ВПЧ и визуальный осмотр с уксусной кислотой (VIA), сыграли важную роль в снижении показателей заболеваемости в развитых странах. Кроме того, программы вакцинации против ВПЧ значительно снизили распространенность инфекций ВПЧ высокого онкогенного риска, что способствовало снижению заболеваемости РШМ. Технологии на основе ИИ, включая алгоритмы глубокого обучения и модели машинного обучения, становятся ценными инструментами в выявлении рака шейки матки, оценке риска и планировании лечения. Эти инновации могут повысить точность диагностики, сократить человеческие ошибки и улучшить результаты лечения, особенно в условиях ограниченных ресурсов. Заключение. Интеграция вакцинации против ВПЧ, передовых методов скрининга и диагностики на основе ИИ представляет собой эффетивный подход к профилактике и лечению рака шейки матки. Будущие исследования должны быть сосредоточены на оптимизации методов ИИ для более широкого клинического использования и обеспечения доступности в регионах с низкими ресурсами.

Cervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to preventive measures and early detection is limited. This review aims to summarize current evidence on cervical cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, emphasizing the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Material and Methods.A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The search focused on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, cervical cancer screening methods, treatment strategies, and AI applications in cervical cancer management. Results. Despite advancements in prevention and early detection, cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, particularly in underdeveloped regions. Screening methods such as Pap smears, HPV DNA testing, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) have been instrumental in reducing incidence rates in developed countries. Additionally, HPV vaccination programs have significantly decreased the prevalence of high-risk HPV infections, contributing to a decline in cervical cancer cases. However, disparities persist due to limited healthcare infrastructure and access to routine screening. AI-driven technologies, including deep learning algorithms and machine learning models, are emerging as valuable tools in cervical cancer detection, risk assessment, and treatment planning. These innovations have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce human error, and improve patient outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings. Conclusion. The integration of HPV vaccination, advanced screening techniques, and AI-based diagnostic tools represents a transformative approach to cervical cancer prevention and management. Addressing healthcare disparities through the implementation of these innovations is essential for achieving equitable global cervical cancer control. Future research should focus on optimizing AI applications for broader clinical use and ensuring accessibility in low-resource regions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.