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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-2-133-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-3545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анапластический рак щитовидной железы. Современное состояние проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anaplastic thyroid cancer: current state of the problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-5050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифорович</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforovich</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никифорович Петр Алексеевич, кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по онкологии</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57209572659</p><p>117292, г Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr A. Nikiforovich, MD, PhD, Deputy Chief Physician for Oncology </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57209572659</p><p>11, Dmitriy Ulyanov St., Moscow, 117292 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-2438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слащук</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slashchuk</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слащук Константин Юрьевич, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения радионуклидной терапии</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57192192400</p><p>117292, г Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Yu. Slashchuk, MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Radionuclide Therapy Department</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57192192400</p><p>11, Dmitriy Ulyanov St., Moscow, 117292 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-8845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеева Наталья Игоревна, кандидат медицинских наук, хирург, эндокринолог, онколог хирургического (эндокринологического) отделения</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1032-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57215861367</p><p>190103, г. Санкт-Петербург, наб. р. Фонтанки, 154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Timofeeva, MD, PhD, Surgeon, Endocrinologist, Oncologist, Surgical (Endocrinological) Department</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1032-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57215861367</p><p>154, Fontanka Emb., Saint Petersburg, 190103 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-5931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поляков Андрей Павлович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделением микрохирургии; профессор кафедры онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической хирургии; профессор кафедры пластической хирургии с курсом офтальмологии</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57196050979</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey P. Polyakov, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Microsurgery Department; Professor, Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery; Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery with Ophthalmology , Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Moscow, Russia) </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57196050979</p><p>3, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, Moscow, 125284 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-5081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слепцов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sleptsov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слепцов Илья Валерьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отделения эндокринной хирургии; заведующий кафедрой эндокринной хирургии; главный специалист хирургического (эндокринологического) отделения</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): F-1670-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 57216017997</p><p>190103, г. Санкт-Петербург, наб. р. Фонтанки, 154</p><p>197374, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Савушкина, 124</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Sleptsov, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Endocrine Surgery Department; Head of the Endocrine Surgery Department; Chief Specialist of the Surgical (Endocrinology) Department</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): F-1670-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 57216017997</p><p>154, Fontanka Emb., Saint Petersburg, 190103 </p><p>124, Savushkina St., Saint Petersburg, 197374 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1632-2197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейнберг</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reinberg</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рейнберг Мария Валентиновна, аспирант </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 59076052500 </p><p>117292, г Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Reinberg, MD, Postgraduate </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 59076052500 </p><p>11, Dmitriy Ulyanov St., Moscow, 117292 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-664X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черников Роман Анатольевич, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий хирургическим (эндокринологическим) отделением </p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1549-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57190294900 </p><p>190103, г. Санкт-Петербург, наб. р. Фонтанки, 154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Chernikov, MD, DSc, Head of Surgical (Endocrinological) Department, Surgeon, Oncologist</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): AAZ-1549-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57190294900</p><p>154, Fontanka Emb., Saint Petersburg, 190103 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Клиника высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies of Saint Petersburg State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена - филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Клиника высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета ; Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Северо-Западный медицинский центр»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies of Saint Petersburg State University ; North-West Medical Centre<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никифорович П.А., Слащук К.Ю., Тимофеева Н.И., Поляков А.П., Слепцов И.В., Рейнберг М.В., Черников Р.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никифорович П.А., Слащук К.Ю., Тимофеева Н.И., Поляков А.П., Слепцов И.В., Рейнберг М.В., Черников Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikiforovich P.A., Slashchuk K.Y., Timofeeva N.I., Polyakov A.P., Sleptsov I.V., Reinberg M.V., Chernikov R.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3545">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3545</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования - обобщить современные данные об анапластическом раке щитовидной железы (АРЩЖ), одном из самых агрессивных видов солидных опухолей. Материал и методы. Проведен научный обзор литературы с использованием баз данных Medline, Cochrane Library, E-library преимущественно за последние 10 лет. Из 153 статей для написания статьи было отобрано 46. Результаты. Основные клинические проявления АРЩЖ связаны с компрессией органов шеи, быстрым местным распространением и развитием отдаленных метастазов. Хирургическое вмешательство, хотя и является основным методом лечения, часто невозможно из-за диагностики рака уже на поздних стадиях на момент первичного выявления. Таргетная терапия, нацеленная на мутацию BRAFV600E, демонстрирует обнадеживающие результаты и рассматривается как перспективное направление для улучшения выживаемости пациентов. Заключение. Подчеркивается важность мультидисциплинарного подхода к лечению АРЩЖ, которое должно быть акцентировано на хирургическом вмешательстве и неоадъювантной терапии; последняя может улучшить прогнозы пациентов на нерезектабельных стадиях на момент выявления заболевания. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для уточнения оптимальных подходов к лечению и повышения эффективности существующих методов терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to summarize current data on anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), one of the most aggressive forms of solid tumors. Material and Methods. A scientific literature review was conducted using the Medline, Cochrane Library, and E-library databases, primarily focusing on studies from the last 10 years. Out of 153 articles, 45 were selected for this review. Results. The primary clinical manifestations of ATC are associated with compression of structures in the neck, rapid growth, and the development of distant metastases. Although surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, it is often unfeasible due to the advanced stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis. Targeted therapy for BRAFV600E-muted ATC shows encouraging results and is considered a promising strategy for improving survival outcomes. Conclusion. This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of ATC, with a focus on surgery and neoadjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant therapy may improve the prognosis for patients with unresectable tumors at the time of diagnosis. Further research is required to refine optimal treatment strategies and enhance the efficacy of existing therapies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анапластический рак</kwd><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>хирургия</kwd><kwd>адъювантная терапия</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaplastic thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>thyroid</kwd><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd><kwd>adjuvant therapy</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baloch Z.W., Asa S.L., Barletta J.A., Ghossein R.A., Juhlin C.C., Jung C.K., LiVolsi V.A., Papotti M.G., Sobrinho-Simões M., Tallini G., Mete O. Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms. 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