<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-3-27-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-3662</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможность прогнозирования гематогенного метастазирования у больных немелкоклеточным раком легкого с учетом распространения опухоли по воздушным пространствам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Feasibility of predicting hematogenous metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, taking into account the spread through air spaces</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-9813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Завьялова Марина Викторовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения общей и молекулярной патологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; заведующая кафедрой патологической анатомии, ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, SPIN-код: 1229-0323. Researcher ID (WOS): С-8580-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 36711031100.</p><p>634009, Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5; 634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Zavyalova - MD, DSc, Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of Pathology Department, Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia Researcher ID (WOS): С-8580-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 36711031100.</p><p>5, Kooperativny St., Tomsk, 634009; 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zavyalovamv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дурова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Durova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дурова Анастасия Алексеевна - аспирант кафедры патологической анатомии.</p><p>634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Durova - MD, Postgraduate, Pathology Department.</p><p>2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0266-6707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Завьялов Александр Васильевич - студент 4-го курса лечебного факультета. SPIN-код: 8509-5156. Researcher ID (WOS): NED-1104-2025. Author ID (Scopus): 58355968900.</p><p>634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Zavyalov - 4th year student, Medical Faculty, Researcher ID (WOS): NED-1104-2025. Author ID (Scopus): 58355968900.</p><p>2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-9840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миллер</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miller</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миллер Сергей Викторович - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделением торакальной онкологии. SPIN-код: 6510-9849. Researcher ID (WOS): C-8970-2012. Author-ID (Scopus): 56525429400.</p><p>634009, Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Miller - MD, DSc, Head of Thoracic Oncology Department, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. Researcher ID (WOS): C-8970-2012. Author-ID (Scopus): 56525429400.</p><p>5, Kooperativny St., Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-9620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перельмутер</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelmuter</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перельмутер Владимир Михайлович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отделения общей и молекулярной патологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр РАН. SPIN-код: 6252-5319. Researcher ID (WOS): C-8227-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 8091317300.</p><p>634009, Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Perelmuter - MD, DSc, Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, RAS. Researcher ID (WOS): C-82272012. Author ID (Scopus): 8091317300.</p><p>5, Kooperativny St., Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Завьялова М.В., Дурова А.А., Завьялов А.В., Миллер С.В., Перельмутер В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Завьялова М.В., Дурова А.А., Завьялов А.В., Миллер С.В., Перельмутер В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zavyalova M.V., Durova A.A., Zavyalov A.V., Miller S.V., Perelmuter V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3662">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3662</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Распространение опухоли по воздушным пространствам (STAS) длительное время рассматривали как признак, связанный с высоким риском местного рецидива после сегментарной резекции легкого у больных немелкоклеточным раком легкого (НМРЛ). В настоящее время актуальным является исследование биологического значения STAS, в том числе его роли в гематогенном метастазировании НМРЛ.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение возможности прогнозирования гематогенного метастазирования у больных НМРЛ с учетом STAS.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Оценивался операционный материал от 88 больных НМРЛ T1–3N0–1M0, стадии IА–IIIA, проходивших лечение в отделении торакальной онкологии НИИ онкологии Томского НИМЦ в период с 2014 по 2019 г. Больные были прооперированы в объеме лобэктомии или пульмонэктомии с ипсилатеральной медиастинальной лимфодиссекцией. Из них 69 пациентам проводилась адъювантная химиотерапия по схеме карбоплатин + паклитаксел. Исследовались ткань первичного опухолевого узла, прилежащая ткань легкого и все удаленные лимфоузлы. Гистологическое и иммуногистохимическое исследование выполнялось по стандартной методике. В исследование включались только случаи с аденокарциномой и с плоскоклеточным раком. Срок наблюдения за больными с момента постановки диагноза составил 5 лет. Для построения математических моделей использовался метод логистической регрессии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На основании оценки клинико-морфологических параметров разработана математическая модель для прогнозирования вероятности гематогенного метастазирования только у больных аденокарциномой легкого, включающая такие параметры, как критерии Т, N, степень дифференцировки опухоли, стелющийся тип структур, пролиферативная активность опухоли, STAS. Степень достоверности модели составила χ2=664,730; р&lt;0,001; чувствительность – 99 %, специфичность – 88 %. Без учета STAS специфичность модели составляла всего 60 %. Для плоскоклеточного рака эффективную прогностическую модель построить не удалось. Проведенная адъювантная химиотерапия не влияла на полученные результаты.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выполненное исследование продемонстрировало значительную роль учета STAS в прогнозировании риска гематогенного метастазирования у больных аденокарциномой легкого. Исследование роли STAS в гематогенном метастазировании перспективно для понимания механизмов данной формы опухолевой прогрессии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Spread through air spaces (STAS) has long been considered a significant risk factor for local recurrence after segmental lung resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, the study of the biological significance of STAS, including its role in hematogenous metastasis of NSCLC, is relevant.</p><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of predicting hematogenous metastasis in patients with NSCLC taking into account STAS. Surgical specimens from 88 patients with stage IA–IIIA NSCLC (T1–3N0–1M0), who were treated at the department of thoracic oncology of the Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center from 2014 to 2019, were evaluated. The patients underwent lobectomy or pulmonectomy with ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node dissection. Of these, 69 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin + paclitaxel. The tissue samples from the primary tumor, surrounding lung tissue, and all removed lymph nodes were examined. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed using standard methods. Only cases with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. The follow-up period from the time of diagnosis was 5 years. The logistic regression method was used to construct mathematical models.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the assessment of clinical and morphological parameters, a mathematical model was developed to predict the feasibility of hematogenous metastasis only in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Basic tumor parameters, such as TNM stage, differentiation grade, creeping type of structures, proliferative activity, and STAS were assessed. The reliability of the model was χ2=664.730; p&lt;0.001; sensitivity and specificity were 99 % and 88 %, respectively. Without taking STAS into account, the model had a low level of specificity, not exceeding 60 %. It was not possible to construct an effective prognostic model for squamous cell carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not affect the results obtained.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study demonstrated a significant role of STAS in predicting the incidence of hematogenous metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The study of the role of STAS in hematogenous metastasis is promising for understanding the mechanisms of this form of tumor progression.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>немелкоклеточный рак легкого</kwd><kwd>распространение опухоли по воздушным  пространствам</kwd><kwd>гематогенные метастазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-small cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>spread through air spaces</kwd><kwd>hematogenous metastases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadota K., Nitadori J.I., Sima C.S., Ujiie H., Rizk N.P., Jones D.R., Adusumilli P.S., Travis W.D. Tumor Spread through Air Spaces is an Important Pattern of Invasion and Impacts the Frequency and Location of Recurrences after Limited Resection for Small Stage I Lung Adenocarcinomas. J Thorac Oncol. 2015; 10(5): 806–14. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000486.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadota K., Nitadori J.I., Sima C.S., Ujiie H., Rizk N.P., Jones D.R., Adusumilli P.S., Travis W.D. Tumor Spread through Air Spaces is an Important Pattern of Invasion and Impacts the Frequency and Location of Recurrences after Limited Resection for Small Stage I Lung Adenocarcinomas. J Thorac Oncol. 2015; 10(5): 806–14. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000486.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia M., Yu S., Gao H., Sun P.L. Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS) in Lung Cancer: A Multiple-Perspective and Update Review. Cancer Manag Res. 2020; 12: 2743–52. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S249790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jia M., Yu S., Gao H., Sun P.L. Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS) in Lung Cancer: A Multiple-Perspective and Update Review. Cancer Manag Res. 2020; 12: 2743–52. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S249790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez Moreno J.C., Aljamal A.A., Bahmad H.F., Febres-Aldana C.A., Rassaei N., Recine M., Poppiti R. Correlation between spread through air spaces (STAS) and other clinicopathological parameters in lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract. 2021; 220: 153376. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarez Moreno J.C., Aljamal A.A., Bahmad H.F., Febres-Aldana C.A., Rassaei N., Recine M., Poppiti R. Correlation between spread through air spaces (STAS) and other clinicopathological parameters in lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract. 2021; 220: 153376. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rami-Porta R., Nishimura K.K., Giroux D.J., Detterbeck F., Cardillo G., Edwards J.G., Fong K.M., Giuliani M., Huang J., Kernstine K.H. Sr, Marom E.M., Nicholson A.G., van Schil P.E., Travis W.D., Tsao M.S., Watanabe S.I., Rusch V.W., Asamura H.; Members of the IASLC Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee and of the Advisory Boards, and Participating Institutions. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groups in the Forthcoming (Ninth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2024; 19(7): 1007–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.02.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rami-Porta R., Nishimura K.K., Giroux D.J., Detterbeck F., Cardillo G., Edwards J.G., Fong K.M., Giuliani M., Huang J., Kernstine K.H. Sr, Marom E.M., Nicholson A.G., van Schil P.E., Travis W.D., Tsao M.S., Watanabe S.I., Rusch V.W., Asamura H.; Members of the IASLC Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee and of the Advisory Boards, and Participating Institutions. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groups in the Forthcoming (Ninth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2024; 19(7): 1007–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.02.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J., Wang Y., Li J., Cao S., Che G. Meta-analysis of Lobectomy and Sublobar Resection for Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Spread Through Air Spaces. Clin Lung Cancer. 2022; 23(3): 208–13. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.10.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J., Wang Y., Li J., Cao S., Che G. Meta-analysis of Lobectomy and Sublobar Resection for Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Spread Through Air Spaces. Clin Lung Cancer. 2022; 23(3): 208–13. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.10.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Byun A.J., Choe J.K., Lu S., Restle D., Eguchi T., Tan K.S., Saini J., Huang J., Rocco G., Jones D.R., Travis W.D., Adusumilli P.S. Micropapillary and Solid Histologic Patterns in N1 and N2 Lymph Node Metastases Are Independent Factors of Poor Prognosis in Patients With Stages II to III Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2023; 18(5): 608–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y., Byun A.J., Choe J.K., Lu S., Restle D., Eguchi T., Tan K.S., Saini J., Huang J., Rocco G., Jones D.R., Travis W.D., Adusumilli P.S. Micropapillary and Solid Histologic Patterns in N1 and N2 Lymph Node Metastases Are Independent Factors of Poor Prognosis in Patients With Stages II to III Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2023; 18(5): 608–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He H., Li L., Wen Y.Y., Qian L.Y., Yang Z.Q. Micropapillary Pattern in Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Comparison With Invasive Non-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol. 2024; 32(5): 926–34. doi: 10.1177/10668969231209784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He H., Li L., Wen Y.Y., Qian L.Y., Yang Z.Q. Micropapillary Pattern in Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Comparison With Invasive Non-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol. 2024; 32(5): 926–34. doi: 10.1177/10668969231209784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akcam T.I., Tekneci A.K., Ergin T.M., Memmedov R., Ergonul A.G., Ozdil A., Turhan K., Cakan A., Cagırıcı U. Factors influencing postoperative recurrence of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Chir Belg. 2024; 124(2): 121–30. doi: 10.1080/00015458.2023.2231210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akcam T.I., Tekneci A.K., Ergin T.M., Memmedov R., Ergonul A.G., Ozdil A., Turhan K., Cakan A., Cagırıcı U. Factors influencing postoperative recurrence of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Chir Belg. 2024; 124(2): 121–30. doi: 10.1080/00015458.2023.2231210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashinokuchi A., Akamine T., Toyokawa G., Matsudo K., Nagano T., Kinoshita F., Kohno M., Tomonaga T., Kohashi K., Shimokawa M., Oda Y., Takenaka T., Yoshizumi T. Impact of the distance of spread through air spaces in non-small cell lung cancer. Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2024; 40(1). doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivae181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashinokuchi A., Akamine T., Toyokawa G., Matsudo K., Nagano T., Kinoshita F., Kohno M., Tomonaga T., Kohashi K., Shimokawa M., Oda Y., Takenaka T., Yoshizumi T. Impact of the distance of spread through air spaces in non-small cell lung cancer. Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2024; 40(1). doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivae181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
