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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-3-65-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-3665</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномный ландшафт колоректального рака. Пилотное исследование в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic landscape of colorectal cancer. A pilot study in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-9286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семина Екатерина Владимировна - доктор биологических наук, профессор Образовательно-научного кластера, Институт медицины и наук о жизни (МЕДБИО), ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта»; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории морфогенеза и репарации тканей университетской клиники, МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова SPIN-код: 4586-4001. Researcher ID (WOS): AAB4817-2020. Author ID (Scopus): 35081127300.</p><p>236041, Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 14; 119991, Москва, ул. Ленинские Горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Semina - DSc, Professor, Educational and Scientific Cluster, Institute of Medicine and Life Sciences (MEDBIO), Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Morphogenesis and Reparation, University Clinic, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia). Researcher ID (WOS): AAB-4817-2020. Author ID (Scopus): 35081127300.</p><p>4, Alexander Nevsky St., Kaliningrad, 236041; 1, Leninskie Gory St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e-semina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3811-2618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубасова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubasova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кубасова Кристина Андреевна - магистр биологических наук, научный сотрудник.</p><p>117437, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 16/10, корп. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina A. Kubasova - Master of Biological Sciences, Researcher.</p><p>build. 16, 16/10, Mikluho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117437</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-2317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Какоткин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakotkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Какоткин Виктор Викторович - ассистент кафедры хирургических дисциплин, SPIN-код: 4162-0600. Researcher ID (WOS): AAJ-1657-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57202677166.</p><p>236041, Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Kakotkin - Assistant, Department of Surgical Disciplines. Researcher ID (WOS): AAJ-1657-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57202677166.</p><p>4, Alexander Nevsky St., Kaliningrad, 236041</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-9252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родимов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodimov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Родимов Сергей Викторович - кандидат медицинских наук, онколог отделения абдоминальной и торакальной онкологии университетской клиники, SPIN-код: 8908-5592. Researcher ID (WOS): LVS-1489-2024. Author ID (Scopus): 57195214771.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Ленинские Горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Rodimov - MD, PhD, Oncologist, Department of Abdominal and Thoracic Oncology, University Clinic, Lomonosov MSU. RID (WOS): LVS-1489-2024. Author ID (Scopus): 57195214771.</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-7078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агапов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agapov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агапов Михаил Андреевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры хирургических дисциплин, ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта» (г. Калининград, Россия); главный научный сотрудник отдела хирургии и онкологии университетской клиники, МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова SPIN-код: 2887-6341. Researcher ID (WOS): AAJ-2250-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 25931366400.</p><p>236041, Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, 14; 119991, Москва, ул. Ленинские Горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Agapov - MD, DSc, Professor, Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad, Russia); Chief Researcher, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University Clinic, Lomonosov MSU. Researcher ID (WOS): AAJ-2250-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 25931366400.</p><p>4, Alexander Nevsky St., Kaliningrad, 236041; 1, Leninskie Gory St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта»; Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Биотек кампус»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Biotek Campus</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семина Е.В., Кубасова К.А., Какоткин В.В., Родимов С.В., Агапов М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семина Е.В., Кубасова К.А., Какоткин В.В., Родимов С.В., Агапов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semina E.V., Kubasova K.A., Kakotkin V.V., Rodimov S.V., Agapov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3665">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3665</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – комплексный анализ молекулярно-генетических изменений в опухолевых и нормальных тканях больных колоректальным раком с использованием полногеномного секвенирования для выявления мутаций de novo, паттернов микросателлитной нестабильности и мутационных сигнатур, связанных с возникновением опухоли.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование являлось одномоментным поперечным, проводилось на территории Калининградской области. Проведен анализ образцов колоректального рака с использованием полногеномного секвенирования нового поколения (WGS). Для картирования прочтений был использован референсный геном человека GRCh38.p14. Биоинформатический анализ сигнатур проводился отдельно по каждому пациенту. Была секвенирована 71 пара образцов: полные геномы биопсии опухоли и ДНК, выделенная из крови, для 71 пациента. Средний возраст пациентов – 69 лет, медианный – 71 год.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены генетические изменения, связанные с развитием и прогрессированием опухоли, а также потенциальные терапевтические мишени. Используя базу данных Oncovar, была обнаружена 151 драйверная мутация у 62 пациентов. С использованием базы данных CIVIC выявлено 70 маркерных мутаций у 45 пациентов. Обнаружено, что самые распространенные драйверные мутации в исследуемой когорте – мутации в гене KRAS (KRAS:G35T, KRAS:G35A, KRAS:G38A), ассоциированные с устойчивостью опухоли к препаратам Панитумумаб и Цетуксимаб. Частота наиболее распространенных драйверных мутаций в исследуемой когорте низкая, что говорит о высокой гетерогенности колоректального рака. При анализе мутационной нагрузки средний показатель TMB был равен 5,5, что свидетельствует о высоком потенциале использования иммунотерапии при колоректальном раке. В исследуемой популяции преобладают мутационные сигнатуры SBS1, SBS5 и SBS39.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленное многообразие изменений генома может быть связано с ошибками в репликации ДНК, воздействием внешних факторов и генетической предрасположенностью. Профиль мутационных сигнатур очень схож в исследуемых образцах всех пациентов, что предполагает действие одного/единого мутагенного фактора в развитии колоректального рака у всех пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was a comprehensive analysis of molecular genetic changes in tumor and normal tissues of patients with colorectal cancer using whole-genome sequencing to identify de novo mutations, microsatellite instability patterns, and mutational signatures associated with tumor development.</p><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. A single-time cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kaliningrad region. Colorectal cancer samples were analyzed using whole-genome next-generation sequencing (WGS). The human reference genome GRCh38.p14 was used for read mapping. Bioinformatic analysis of signatures was conducted separately for each patient. 71 pairs of samples were sequenced: complete genomes of tumor biopsies and DNA isolated from blood samples for 71 patients. The average age among the analyzed patients was 69 years, with a median of 71 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Genetic alterations associated with tumor development and progression, as well as potential therapeutic targets were identified. Using the Oncovar database, 151 driver mutations were detected in 62 patients. Using the CIVIC database, 70 marker mutations were found in 45 patients. It was found that the most common driver mutations in the study cohort were mutations in the KRAS gene (KRAS:G35T, KRAS:G35A, KRAS:G38A), associated with tumor resistance to Panitumumab and Cetuximab. The frequency of the most common driver mutations in the study cohort was low, indicating high heterogeneity of colorectal cancer. Analysis of the tumor mutational burden (TMB) revealed a high average value of 5.5, suggesting a significant potential of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer treatment. In the studied population, the mutational signatures SBS1, SBS5, and SBS39 were the most common.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The identified diversity of genomic changes may be associated with DNA replication errors, exposure to external factors, and genetic predisposition. The pattern of mutational signatures was very similar among all patients in the studied samples, suggesting a single mutagenic factor is involved in the development of colorectal cancer in all patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>секвенирование нового поколения</kwd><kwd>Next-Generation Sequencing</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>Whole Genome Sequencing</kwd><kwd>Next-Generation Sequencing</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование было поддержано из средств программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» БФУ им. И. Канта</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University according to the Strategic Academic Leadership Program “Priority 2030”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semenova A.B., Byakhova M.M., Makarova M.V., Galkin V.N., Nemtsova M.V., Chernevskiy D.K., Danishevich A.M., Shatalov V.G., Babkina A.V., Popova N.G., Gadzhieva S.M. Struktura patogennykh germinal’nykh variantov pri kolorektal’nom rake v vyborke patsientov Moskvy [The structure of pathogenic germline variants in colorectal cancer in Moscow patients]. Arkh Patol. 2023; 85(6): 16–25. 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