<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2025-24-4-82-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-3770</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внеклеточные микроРНК мочи как источник маркеров кастрационно-резистентного рака предстательной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urinary extracellular miRNAs as potential biomarkers for castration-resistant prostate cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1811-7184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайткулова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saitkulova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сайткулова Милена Максимовна, лаборант-исследователь </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 55204686500 </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Ак. Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milena M. Saitkulova, Laboratory Assistant-Researcher </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 55204686500 </p><p>8, Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-7261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брызгунова</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryzgunova</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брызгунова Ольга Евгеньевна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 6507738308 </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Ак. Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga E. Bryzgunova, PhD, Senior Researcher </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 6507738308 </p><p>8, Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090  </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6351-6926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остальцев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostaltsev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остальцев Илья Александрович, онколог </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 59187089900 </p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, 15 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Ostaltsev, MD, Oncologist </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 59187089900 </p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630055 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6221-2758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пак</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pak</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пак Светлана Валентиновна, заведующая отделением переливания крови </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57208228505 </p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, 15 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Pak, Head of the Blood Transfusion Department </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57208228505 </p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630055 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0866-0252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лактионов</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laktionov</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лактионов Павел Петрович, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 7003559490 </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Ак. Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel P. Laktionov, MD, PhD, Head of Laboratory </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 7003559490 </p><p>8, Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2925-9350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коношенко</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konoshenko</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коношенко Мария Юрьевна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 55204686500 </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Ак. Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Yu. Konoshenko, MD, PhD, Senior Researcher </p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 55204686500 </p><p>8, Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">konoshenkomari@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. акад. Е.Н. Мешалкина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center named after ak. E.N. Meshalkin, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сайткулова М.М., Брызгунова О.Е., Остальцев И.А., Пак С.В., Лактионов П.П., Коношенко М.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сайткулова М.М., Брызгунова О.Е., Остальцев И.А., Пак С.В., Лактионов П.П., Коношенко М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saitkulova M.M., Bryzgunova O.E., Ostaltsev I.A., Pak S.V., Laktionov P.P., Konoshenko M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3770">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/3770</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Кастрационно-резистентный рак предстательной железы (КРРПЖ) – высокоагрессивное онкологическое заболевание, плохо поддающееся лечению. Поиск маркеров развития КРРПЖ на ранних сроках для своевременной коррекции терапевтической тактики и их дальнейшего исследования в качестве возможных мишеней для новых видов терапии КРРПЖ является актуальной задачей современных молекулярной биологии и медицины. В качестве таких маркеров могут служить внеклеточные микроРНК, ассоциированные с развитием как РПЖ в целом, так и КРРПЖ в частности. Цель исследования – провести сравнительный анализ экспрессии 14 микроРНК в составе супернатанта мочи больных гормоночувствительным РПЖ (ГЧРПЖ), КРРПЖ и доноров (Д). Материал и методы. Анализ выполнен с помощью ОТ-ПЦР в реальном времени. Для поиска диагностических сигнатур экспрессии микроРНК использован метод попарной нормализации. Результаты. Выявлены 29 дифференциально экспрессированных пар микроРНК. При этом miRna-375 входит в состав наибольшего числа (а именно, семи) диагностически значимых пар. Самыми большими значениями чувствительности и специфичности при диагностике КРРПЖ и использовании в качестве контрольной группы как больных ГЧРПЖ, так и объединенной группы Д и больных ГЧРПЖ характеризовались 3 пары микроРНК (miRna-144/222; 205/375; 222/125). Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что оценка относительной экспрессии внеклеточных микроРНК мочи имеет значительный потенциал для диагностики такой тяжёлой формы РПЖ, как кастрационно-рефрактерная.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a highly aggressive and challenging-to-treat cancer. the search for markers to predict early CRPC for timely treatment adjustments and further study of these markers as potential targets for new CRPC therapies is a crucial task in modern molecular biology and medicine. extracellular miRnas show promise as diagnostic and prognostic markers for prostate cancer (PC) and particular for CRPC. Aim of the study: a comparative analysis of the expression of 14 miRnas in the urine supernatant of patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HsPC), CRPC, and donors (D). Material and Methods. the analysis was conducted using the real-time qPCR. a pairwise normalization method was used to search for diagnostic miRna expression signatures. Results. twenty-nine differentially expressed pairs of miRnas were identified. In this case, miRna-375 was included in the largest number (n=7) of diagnostically significant pairs. three miRna pairs (miRna-144/222; 205/375; 222/125) showed the highest sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing CRPC when using both HsPC patients alone and the combined group of donors and HsPC patients as the control group. Conclusion. the results obtained indicate that the assessment of the relative expression of urinary extracellular miRnas has a significant potential for diagnosing highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>кастрационно-резистентный рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные микроРНК</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>жидкостная биопсия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>castration-resistant prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>extracellular microRnas</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>liquid biopsy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках проектов базового бюджетного финансирования ГЗ №125012900932-4 ФГБУ ИХБФМ СО РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of basic budget funding projects of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (No. 125012900932-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021; 71(3): 209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021; 71(3): 209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts &amp; Figures 2023. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2023. [Internet]. [cited 02.08.2024]. URL: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2023/2023-cancer-facts-and-figures.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts &amp; Figures 2023. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2023. [Internet]. [cited 02.08.2024]. URL: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2023/2023-cancer-facts-and-figures.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2021 году (заболеваемость и смертность). Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, А.О. Шахзадовой. М., 2022. 252 с. ISBN: 978-5-85502-280-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malignant tumors in Russia in 2021 (morbidity and mortality). Ed. by A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinsky, A.O. Shakhzadova. Moscow, 2022. 252 p. (in Russian). ISBN: 978-5-85502-280-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng M.V., Grossfeld G.D., Sadetsky N., Mehta S.S., Lubeck D.P., Carroll P.R. Contemporary patterns of androgen deprivation therapy use for newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Urology. 2002; 60(3): 7–11. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01560-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng M.V., Grossfeld G.D., Sadetsky N., Mehta S.S., Lubeck D.P., Carroll P.R. Contemporary patterns of androgen deprivation therapy use for newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Urology. 2002; 60(3): 7–11. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01560-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Русаков И.Г., Грицкевич А.А., Байтман Т.П., Мишугин С.В. Кастрационный уровень тестостерона и гормональная резистентность рака предстательной железы при андрогенной депривации. Медицинский совет. 2020; 20: 100–108. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-20-100-108. EDN: WVAHFQ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rusakov I.G., Gritskevich A.A., Baitman T.P., Mishugin S.V. The castration level of testosterone and hormonal resistance of prostate cancer in androgen deprivation therapy. Medical Council. 2020; 20: 100–108. (in Russian). doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-20-100-108. EDN: WVAHFQ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khoshkar Y., Westerberg M., Adolfsson J., Bill-Axelson A., Olsson H., Eklund M., Akre O., Garmo H., Aly M. Mortality in men with castrationresistant prostate cancer-A long-term follow-up of a population-based real-world cohort. BJUI Compass. 2021; 3(2): 173–83. doi: 10.1002/bco2.116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoshkar Y., Westerberg M., Adolfsson J., Bill-Axelson A., Olsson H., Eklund M., Akre O., Garmo H., Aly M. Mortality in men with castrationresistant prostate cancer-A long-term follow-up of a population-based real-world cohort. BJUI Compass. 2021; 3(2): 173–83. doi: 10.1002/bco2.116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornford P., van den Bergh R.C.N., Briers E., van den Broeck T., Brunckhorst O., Darraugh J., Eberli D., De Meerleer G., De Santis M., Farolfi A., Gandaglia G., Gillessen S., Grivas N., Henry A.M., Lardas M., van Leenders G.J.L.H., Liew M., Linares Espinos E., Oldenburg J., van Oort I.M., Oprea-Lager D.E., Ploussard G., Roberts M.J., Rouvière O., Schoots I.G., Schouten N., Smith E.J., Stranne J., Wiegel T., Willemse P.M., Tilki D. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer-2024 Update. Part I: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2024; 86(2): 148–63. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornford P., van den Bergh R.C.N., Briers E., van den Broeck T., Brunckhorst O., Darraugh J., Eberli D., De Meerleer G., De Santis M., Farolfi A., Gandaglia G., Gillessen S., Grivas N., Henry A.M., Lardas M., van Leenders G.J.L.H., Liew M., Linares Espinos E., Oldenburg J., van Oort I.M., Oprea-Lager D.E., Ploussard G., Roberts M.J., Rouvière O., Schoots I.G., Schouten N., Smith E.J., Stranne J., Wiegel T., Willemse P.M., Tilki D. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer-2024 Update. Part I: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2024; 86(2): 148–63. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang H.L., Yang L.F., Zhu Y., Yao X.D., Zhang S.L., Dai B., Zhu Y.P., Shen Y.J., Shi G.H., Ye D.W. Serum miRNA-21: elevated levels in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer and potential predictive factor for the efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Prostate. 2011; 71(3): 326–31. doi: 10.1002/pros.21246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang H.L., Yang L.F., Zhu Y., Yao X.D., Zhang S.L., Dai B., Zhu Y.P., Shen Y.J., Shi G.H., Ye D.W. Serum miRNA-21: elevated levels in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer and potential predictive factor for the efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Prostate. 2011; 71(3): 326–31. doi: 10.1002/pros.21246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konoshenko M.Y., Bryzgunova O.E., Laktionov P.P. miRNAs and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021 Dec; 1876(2): 188625. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188625</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konoshenko M.Y., Bryzgunova O.E., Laktionov P.P. miRNAs and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021 Dec; 1876(2): 188625. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188625</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konoshenko M.Y., Lekchnov E.A., Bryzgunova O.E., Zaporozhchenko I.A., Yarmoschuk S.V., Pashkovskaya O.A., Pak S.V., Laktionov P.P. The Panel of 12 Cell-Free MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Prostate Neoplasms. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020; 10(1): 38. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10010038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konoshenko M.Y., Lekchnov E.A., Bryzgunova O.E., Zaporozhchenko I.A., Yarmoschuk S.V., Pashkovskaya O.A., Pak S.V., Laktionov P.P. The Panel of 12 Cell-Free MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Prostate Neoplasms. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020; 10(1): 38. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10010038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun X.B., Chen Y.W., Yao Q.S., Chen X.H., He M., Chen C.B., Yang Y., Gong X.X., Huang L. MicroRNA-144 Suppresses Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Targeting EZH2. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2021; 20: 1533033821989817. doi: 10.1177/1533033821989817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun X.B., Chen Y.W., Yao Q.S., Chen X.H., He M., Chen C.B., Yang Y., Gong X.X., Huang L. MicroRNA-144 Suppresses Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Targeting EZH2. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2021; 20: 1533033821989817. doi: 10.1177/1533033821989817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fredsøe J., Rasmussen A.K.I., Thomsen A.R., Mouritzen P., Høyer S., Borre M., Ørntoft T.F., Sørensen K.D. Diagnostic and Prognostic MicroRNA Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer in Cell-free Urine. Eur Urol Focus. 2018; 4(6): 825–33. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.02.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fredsøe J., Rasmussen A.K.I., Thomsen A.R., Mouritzen P., Høyer S., Borre M., Ørntoft T.F., Sørensen K.D. Diagnostic and Prognostic MicroRNA Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer in Cell-free Urine. Eur Urol Focus. 2018; 4(6): 825–33. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.02.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aghdam A.M., Amiri A., Salarinia R., Masoudifar A., Ghasemi F., Mirzaei H. MicroRNAs as Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2019; 29(2): 127–39. doi: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2019025273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aghdam A.M., Amiri A., Salarinia R., Masoudifar A., Ghasemi F., Mirzaei H. MicroRNAs as Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2019; 29(2): 127–39. doi: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2019025273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boeri M., Verri C., Conte D., Roz L., Modena P., Facchinetti F., Calabrò E., Croce C.M., Pastorino U., Sozzi G. MicroRNA signatures in tissues and plasma predict development and prognosis of computed tomography detected lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011; 108: 3713–18. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1100048108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boeri M., Verri C., Conte D., Roz L., Modena P., Facchinetti F., Calabrò E., Croce C.M., Pastorino U., Sozzi G. MicroRNA signatures in tissues and plasma predict development and prognosis of computed tomography detected lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011; 108: 3713–18. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1100048108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gan J., Liu S., Zhang Y., He L., Bai L., Liao R., Zhao J., Guo M., Jiang W., Li J., Li Q., Mu G., Wu Y., Wang X., Zhang X., Zhou D., Lv H., Wang Z., Zhang Y., Qian C., Feng M., Chen H., Meng Q., Huang X. MicroRNA-375 is a therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer through the PTPN4/STAT3 axis. Exp Mol Med. 2022; 54(8): 1290–305. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00837-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gan J., Liu S., Zhang Y., He L., Bai L., Liao R., Zhao J., Guo M., Jiang W., Li J., Li Q., Mu G., Wu Y., Wang X., Zhang X., Zhou D., Lv H., Wang Z., Zhang Y., Qian C., Feng M., Chen H., Meng Q., Huang X. MicroRNA-375 is a therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer through the PTPN4/STAT3 axis. Exp Mol Med. 2022; 54(8): 1290–305. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00837-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lekchnov E.A., Amelina E.V., Bryzgunova O.E., Zaporozhchenko I.A., Konoshenko M.Y., Yarmoschuk S.V., Murashov I.S., Pashkovskaya O.A., Gorizkii A.M., Zheravin A.A., Laktionov P.P. Searching for the Novel Specific Predictors of Prostate Cancer in Urine: The Analysis of 84 miRNA Expression. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(12): 4088. doi: 10.3390/ijms19124088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lekchnov E.A., Amelina E.V., Bryzgunova O.E., Zaporozhchenko I.A., Konoshenko M.Y., Yarmoschuk S.V., Murashov I.S., Pashkovskaya O.A., Gorizkii A.M., Zheravin A.A., Laktionov P.P. Searching for the Novel Specific Predictors of Prostate Cancer in Urine: The Analysis of 84 miRNA Expression. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(12): 4088. doi: 10.3390/ijms19124088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rishik S., Hirsch P., Grandke F., Fehlmann T., Keller A. miRNATissueAtlas 2025: an update to the uniformly processed and annotated human and mouse non-coding RNA tissue atlas. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025; 53(D1): 129–37. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae1036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rishik S., Hirsch P., Grandke F., Fehlmann T., Keller A. miRNATissueAtlas 2025: an update to the uniformly processed and annotated human and mouse non-coding RNA tissue atlas. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025; 53(D1): 129–37. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae1036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasanoğlu S., Göncü B., Yücesan E., Atasoy S., Kayalı Y., Özten Kandaş N. Investigating differential miRNA expression profiling using serum and urine specimens for detecting potential biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis. Turk J Med Sci. 2021; 51(4): 1764–74. doi: 10.3906/sag-2010-183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasanoğlu S., Göncü B., Yücesan E., Atasoy S., Kayalı Y., Özten Kandaş N. Investigating differential miRNA expression profiling using serum and urine specimens for detecting potential biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis. Turk J Med Sci. 2021; 51(4): 1764–74. doi: 10.3906/sag-2010-183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuopelyte K., Daniunaite K., Bakavicius A., Lazutka J.R., Jankevicius F., Jarmalaite S. The utility of urine-circulating miRNAs for detection of prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2016; 115(6): 707–15. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2016.233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuopelyte K., Daniunaite K., Bakavicius A., Lazutka J.R., Jankevicius F., Jarmalaite S. The utility of urine-circulating miRNAs for detection of prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2016; 115(6): 707–15. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2016.233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghorbanmehr N., Gharbi S., Korsching E., Tavallaei M., Einollahi B., Mowla S.J. miR-21-5p, miR-141-3p, and miR-205-5p levels in urine-promising biomarkers for the identification of prostate and bladder cancer. Prostate. 2019; 79(1): 88–95. doi: 10.1002/pros.23714.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghorbanmehr N., Gharbi S., Korsching E., Tavallaei M., Einollahi B., Mowla S.J. miR-21-5p, miR-141-3p, and miR-205-5p levels in urine-promising biomarkers for the identification of prostate and bladder cancer. Prostate. 2019; 79(1): 88–95. doi: 10.1002/pros.23714.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chauhan N., Manojkumar A., Jaggi M., Chauhan S.C., Yallapu M.M. microRNA-205 in prostate cancer: Overview to clinical translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2022; 1877(6): 188809. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chauhan N., Manojkumar A., Jaggi M., Chauhan S.C., Yallapu M.M. microRNA-205 in prostate cancer: Overview to clinical translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2022; 1877(6): 188809. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W., Kong P., Feng K., Liu C., Gong X., Sun T., Duan X., Sang Y., Jiang Y., Li X., Zhang L., Tao Z., Liu W. Exosomal miR-222-3p contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer by activating mTOR signaling. Cancer Sci. 2023; 114(11): 4252–69. doi: 10.1111/cas.15948.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W., Kong P., Feng K., Liu C., Gong X., Sun T., Duan X., Sang Y., Jiang Y., Li X., Zhang L., Tao Z., Liu W. Exosomal miR-222-3p contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer by activating mTOR signaling. Cancer Sci. 2023; 114(11): 4252–69. doi: 10.1111/cas.15948.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Q., An Q., Niu B., Lu X., Zhang N., Cao X. Role of miR- 221/222 in Tumor Development and the Underlying Mechanism. J Oncol. 2019; 2019: 7252013. doi: 10.1155/2019/7252013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song Q., An Q., Niu B., Lu X., Zhang N., Cao X. Role of miR- 221/222 in Tumor Development and the Underlying Mechanism. J Oncol. 2019; 2019: 7252013. doi: 10.1155/2019/7252013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu J., Lu Y., Cui D., Li E., Zhu Y., Zhao Y., Zhao F., Xia S. miR-200b suppresses cell proliferation, migration and enhances chemosensitivity in prostate cancer by regulating Bmi-1. Oncol Rep. 2014; 31(2): 910–18. doi: 10.3892/or.2013.2897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu J., Lu Y., Cui D., Li E., Zhu Y., Zhao Y., Zhao F., Xia S. miR-200b suppresses cell proliferation, migration and enhances chemosensitivity in prostate cancer by regulating Bmi-1. Oncol Rep. 2014; 31(2): 910–18. doi: 10.3892/or.2013.2897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng B., Theng P.Y., Le M.T.N. Essential functions of miR-125b in cancer. Cell Prolif. 2021; 54(2): e12913. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng B., Theng P.Y., Le M.T.N. Essential functions of miR-125b in cancer. Cell Prolif. 2021; 54(2): e12913. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budd W.T., Seashols-Williams S.J., Clark G.C., Weaver D., Calvert V., Petricoin E., Dragoescu E.A., O’Hanlon K., Zehner Z.E. Dual Action of miR-125b As a Tumor Suppressor and OncomiR-22 Promotes Prostate Cancer Tumorigenesis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(11): e0142373. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budd W.T., Seashols-Williams S.J., Clark G.C., Weaver D., Calvert V., Petricoin E., Dragoescu E.A., O’Hanlon K., Zehner Z.E. Dual Action of miR-125b As a Tumor Suppressor and OncomiR-22 Promotes Prostate Cancer Tumorigenesis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(11): e0142373. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носов А.К., Воробьев Н.А. Гормонорезистентный рак предстательной железы. Практическая онкология. 2008; 9(2): 104–16. EDN: QCQJMT.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosov A.K., Vorobyov N.A. Hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Practical Oncology. 2008; 9(2): 104–16. (in Russian). EDN: QCQJMT.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
