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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2026-25-1-62-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-4110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Противоопухолевые эффекты внеклеточного ощелачивания: гидрокарбонат натрия модулирует функцию митохондрий, динамику лизосом и миграционную активность опухолевых клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antitumor effects of extracellular alkalization: sodium bicarbonate modulates mitochondrial function, lysosomal dynamics and migration activity of cancer cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Алексей Александрович, кандидат физико-математических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): P-1231-2017. Author ID (Scopus): 25646002000.</p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., 68А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Bogdanov, PhD, Deputy Director for Science</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): P-1231-2017. Author ID (Scopus): 25646002000.</p><p>build. 68A, lit. A, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.bogdanov@oncocentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0824-6633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Ан. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>An. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Андрей Александрович, старший научный сотрудник научного отдела</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57226526786. </p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., 68А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Bogdanov, Senior Researcher, Scientific Department</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57226526786 </p><p>build. 68A, lit. A, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурдаков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burdakov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурдаков Владимир Станиславович, научный сотрудник научного отдела </p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., 68А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Burdakov, Researcher, Scientific Department </p><p>build. 68A, lit. A, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-4899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митусова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitusova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Митусова Ксения Андреевна, научный сотрудник научного отдела</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): J-2396-2018. Author ID (Scopus): 57203920295.</p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., 68А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya A. Mitusova, Researcher, Scientific Department </p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): J-2396-2018. Author ID (Scopus): 57203920295</p><p>build. 68A, lit. A, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-7915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseyenko</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моисеенко Владимир Михайлович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): E-8892-2014. Author ID (Scopus): 6603976335.</p><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, п. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., 68А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Moiseyenko, MD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>Researcher ID (WOS): E-8892-2014. Author ID (Scopus): 6603976335</p><p>build. 68A, lit. A, Leningradskaya St., Saint Petersburg, Pesochny village, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи (онкологический) им. Н.П. Напалкова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Napalkov Saint Petersburg Clinical Research and Practical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncological)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданов А.А., Богданов А.А., Бурдаков В.С., Митусова К.А., Моисеенко В.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданов А.А., Богданов А.А., Бурдаков В.С., Митусова К.А., Моисеенко В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanov A.A., Bogdanov A.A., Burdakov V.S., Mitusova K.A., Moiseyenko V.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/4110">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/4110</self-uri><abstract><p>Кислотность микроокружения опухоли представляет собой фундаментальный признак рака, способствующий прогрессированию опухоли, инвазии, уклонению от иммунного ответа и устойчивости к лечению. Цель исследования – изучение противоопухолевых механизмов ощелачивания гидрокарбонатом натрия на клетках аденокарциномы толстой кишки мыши CT26 и меланомы человека. Материал и методы. Клетки подвергали воздействию различных повышенных концентраций гидрокарбоната натрия (50–119 мМ) с целью оценки его влияния на жизнеспособность, метаболизм, миграцию и пути клеточной гибели. Результаты. Результаты показали немедленное повышение значений внеклеточного pH, зависящее от концентрации гидрокарбоната натрия, с последующим их понижением через 24 ч вследствие метаболической адаптации. Обе линии клеток демонстрировали дозозависимую цитотоксичность с концентрацией полумаксимального ингибирования примерно 80–90 мМ, при этом уровень апоптоза, определённый с помощью окрашивания Annexin V/PI, был минимален, что указывает на альтернативные механизмы клеточной гибели. Гидрокарбонат натрия значительно нарушал миграцию клеток в тестах по восстановлению монослоя и вызывал деполяризацию митохондрий, подтверждённую снижением флуоресценции зонда Mito Red. Метаболический анализ выявил повышенное потребление глюкозы и глутамина на фоне увеличенного образования лактата, что свидетельствует о метаболическом перепрограммировании в ответ на стресс ощелачивания. Несмотря на увеличение накопления лизосом, определенное с помощью зонда Lyso Green, классические маркеры аутофагии (LC3B и p62) не показали значимых изменений, свидетельствуя о том, что традиционные пути аутофагии не играют ведущей роли. Заключение. Полученные данные указывают на то, что ощелачивание гидрокарбонатом натрия индуцирует гибель опухолевых клеток посредством механизмов, выходящих за рамки классического апоптоза и аутофагии, возможно включая лизосом-зависимую смерть или алкалиптоз. Исследование дает механистическое обоснование потенциала гидрокарбоната натрия в качестве потенциальной адъювантной терапии, направленной на кислотность микроокружения опухоли, с перспективой повышения эффективности традиционных методов лечения рака через модуляцию pH. Для полного понимания задействованных путей клеточной гибели необходимы дальнейшие исследования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tumor microenvironment acidity represents a fundamental hallmark of cancer that promotes tumor progression, invasion, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. Objective. This study investigates the antitumor mechanisms of sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalization on mouse colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells and human melanoma cells. Material and Methods. Cells were treated with varying sodium bicarbonate concentrations (50–119 mM) to assess effects on viability, metabolism, migration, and cell death pathways. Results. Results demonstrated immediate concentration-dependent extracellular pH elevation that decreased after 24 hours due to metabolic adaptation. Both cell lines exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity with an IC50 of approximately 80–90 mM, yet minimal apoptosis was detected via Annexin V/PI staining, suggesting alternative cell death mechanisms. Sodium bicarbonate signifcantly impaired cellular migration in wound healing assays, coinciding with mitochondrial depolarization as evidenced by reduced Mito Red fuorescence. Metabolic analysis revealed increased consumption of glucose and glutamine alongside elevated lactate production, indicating metabolic reprogramming in response to alkalization stress. While lysosomal accumulation increased with treatment (measured by Lyso Green), canonical autophagy markers (LC3B and p62) showed no signifcant changes, suggesting classical autophagy pathways are not primarily involved. Conclusion. These fndings indicate that sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalization triggers tumor cell death through mechanisms beyond conventional apoptosis and autophagy, potentially involving lysosome-mediated cell death or alkaliptosis. The study provides mechanistic insights supporting sodium bicarbonate as a potential adjuvant therapy that targets the tumor microenvironment’s acidity, with implications for enhancing conventional cancer treatments through pH modulation. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the precise cell death pathways involved.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидрокарбонат натрия</kwd><kwd>опухолевые клетки</kwd><kwd>деполяризация митохондрий</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>лизосомальное накопление</kwd><kwd>гибель клеток</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sodium bicarbonate</kwd><kwd>tumor cells</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial depolarization</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>lysosomal accumulation</kwd><kwd>cell death</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-15-00297, https://rscf.ru/ project/24-15-00297/.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 24-15-00297, https://rscf.ru/project/24- 15-00297/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogdanov A., Bogdanov A., Chubenko V., Volkov N., Moiseenko F., Moiseyenko V. 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