oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2026-25-1-107-122oncotomsk-4118Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРак молочной железы у молодых женщин: современные данные об эпидемиологии, клинических особенностях и персонализированных подходах к лечению и профилактикеBreast cancer in young women: current data on epidemiology, clinical features and personalised approaches to treatment and preventionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-8764БлиноваК. А.BlinovaK. A.

Блинова Ксения Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры онкологии и лучевой терапии; врач

Author ID (Scopus): 59415662400.

153000, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8;153051, г. Иваново, ул. Любимова, 5

Ksenia A. Blinova, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy; Physician

Author ID (Scopus): 59415662400.

8, Sheremetevsky Ave., Ivanovo, 153000;5, Lyubimova St., Ivanovo, 153051

k.a.blinova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-8111КострыгинА. К.KostryginA. K.

Кострыгин Александр Константинович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой онкологии и лучевой терапии; главный врач

Author ID (Scopus): 56152200900.

153000, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8;153051, г. Иваново, ул. Любимова, 5

Aleksandr K. Kostrygin, MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy; Chief Physician

Author ID (Scopus): 56152200900.

8, Sheremetevsky Ave., Ivanovo, 153000;5, Lyubimova St., Ivanovo, 153051

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4218-5236МалееваА. М.MaleevaA. M.

Малеева Александра Михайловна, ассистент кафедры онкологии и лучевой терапии; врач 

153000, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8;153051, г. Иваново, ул. Любимова, 5

Aleksandra M. Maleeva, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy; Physician 

8, Sheremetevsky Ave., Ivanovo, 153000;5, Lyubimova St., Ivanovo, 153051

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2022-4779АлексеевВ. В.AlekseevV. V.

Алексеев Валентин Валерьевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры онкологии и лучевой терапии; заместитель главного врача по медицинской части 

153000, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8;153051, г. Иваново, ул. Любимова, 5

Valentin V. Alekseev, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy; Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs 

8, Sheremetevsky Ave., Ivanovo, 153000;5, Lyubimova St., Ivanovo, 153051

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-4607ФроловаД. Е.FrolovaD. E.

Фролова Дарья Евгеньевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры онкологии и лучевой терапии; врач 

153000, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8;153051, г. Иваново, ул. Любимова, 5

Darya E. Frolova, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy; Physician 

8, Sheremetevsky Ave., Ivanovo, 153000;5, Lyubimova St., Ivanovo, 153051

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8271-0488ЗолкинаМ. А.ZolkinaM. A.

Золкина Мария Андреевна, ассистент кафедры онкологии и лучевой терапии; врач 

153000, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8;153051, г. Иваново, ул. Любимова, 5

Maria A. Zolkina, MD, Assistant, Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy; Physician 

8, Sheremetevsky Ave., Ivanovo, 153000;5, Lyubimova St., Ivanovo, 153051

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1993-5148БлиноваА. А.BlinovaA. A.

Блинова Анастасия Алексеевна, студентка 

153000, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8

Anastasia A. Blinova, student 

8, Sheremetevsky Ave., Ivanovo, 153000

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9067-1317КопышеваЕ. Н.KopyshevaE. N.

Копышева Елена Николаевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней, Медицинский институт 

199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

Elena N. Kopysheva, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute 

7–9, Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-2421ГудухинА. А.GudukhinA. A.

Гудухин Антон Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий ресурсным образовательным центром высоких медицинских технологий «Центр медицинских аккредитаций» Медицинского института

Author ID (Scopus): 58174511000.

199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

Anton A. Gudukhin, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the High Medical Technologies Resource Educational Center «Medical Accreditation Center» of the Medical Institute

Author ID (Scopus): 58174511000.

7–9, Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-8008МишинаИ. Е.MishinaI. E.

Мишина Ирина Евгеньевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры последипломного медицинского образования, первый заместитель директора Медицинского института

Researcher ID (WOS): F-3262-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 36958772100.

199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

Irina E. Mishina, MD, Professor, Professor, Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, First Deputy Director, Medical Institute

Researcher ID (WOS) F-3262-2019. Author ID (Scopus): 36958772100.

7–9, Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034

ФГОУ ВО «Ивановский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ОБУЗ Ивановский областной онкологический диспансерРоссияIvanovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Ivanovo Regional Oncology CenterRussian FederationФГОУ ВО «Ивановский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияIvanovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation202607042026251107122Copyright © Блинова К.А., Кострыгин А.К., Малеева А.М., Алексеев В.В., Фролова Д.Е., Золкина М.А., Блинова А.А., Копышева Е.Н., Гудухин А.А., Мишина И.Е., 20262026Блинова К.А., Кострыгин А.К., Малеева А.М., Алексеев В.В., Фролова Д.Е., Золкина М.А., Блинова А.А., Копышева Е.Н., Гудухин А.А., Мишина И.Е.Blinova K.A., Kostrygin A.K., Maleeva A.M., Alekseev V.V., Frolova D.E., Zolkina M.A., Blinova A.A., Kopysheva E.N., Gudukhin A.A., Mishina I.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/4118

Цель исследования – провести систематический анализ современных данных об эпидемиологии и факторах риска рака молочной железы (РМЖ), разработать стратегию профилактики для групп высокого риска, составить клинический профиль молодых пациенток с РМЖ и описать особенности их лечения и реабилитации. Материал и методы. Поиск проводился в базах данных Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. В обзоре использовано 60 источников (систематические обзоры, метаанализы, рандомизированные клинические исследования), оцениваемое вмешательство представляло сравнительный анализ факторов риска, клинической картины, диагностики, лечения и реабилитации РМЖ у молодых пациенток и пациенток старшего возраста. Результаты. Рак молочной железы является серьезной проблемой для женщин в возрасте до 40 лет, являясь второй по значимости причиной смертности от рака в этой возрастной группе во всем мире. При этом наблюдается тревожная тенденция к увеличению заболеваемости РМЖ у молодых женщин. Отсутствие программ скрининга, ориентированных на молодых женщин, приводит к диагностике РМЖ на более поздних стадиях, что негативно сказывается на клинических исходах и увеличивает риск осложнений лечения по сравнению с пациентками старшего возраста. Патоморфология опухолей, выявленных у молодых женщин, характеризуется низкой дифференцировкой клеток, повышенной экспрессией Ki67, наличием генных мутаций и преобладанием HER2-позитивных и трижды негативных иммуногистохимических подтипов. Несмотря на очевидные различия, исследований РМЖ у молодых женщин недостаточно, что создает пробелы в понимании его факторов риска, диагностики, прогноза и лечения. Отсутствие репрезентативных клинических данных с возрастной стратификацией и доказательной базы делает невозможным экстраполяцию стандартных протоколов лечения, валидированных для пациенток старшего возраста, на популяцию молодых женщин. Заключение. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для сбора возрастных клинических данных и разработки новых методов лечения рака молочной железы у молодых женщин, что позволит улучшить результаты лечения и определить перспективные направления исследований в этой области.

Objectives: to conduct a systematic review of current data on breast cancer epidemiology and risk factors; to develop a clinical profle of young breast cancer patients and describe approaches to their treatment and rehabilitation; to develop a prevention strategy for high-risk groups. Material and Methods. A search was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The review incorporated 60 sources (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials). A comparative analysis of risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of young breast cancer patients compared to elderly patients was conducted. Results. Breast cancer poses a signifcant health challenge for women aged under 40 years, representing the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in this age group worldwide. A trend towards an increase in breast cancer incidence is observed among young women. The lack of tailored breast cancer screening for young women causes signifcant diagnostic delays, leading to late-stage cancer at detection, negatively impacting clinical outcomes and increasing the risk of treatmentrelated complications compared to elderly patients. Pathomorphology of tumors detected in young women is characterized by poorly differentiated cells, increased Ki67 expression, the presence of gene mutations, and a predominance of HER2-positive and triple-negative immunohistochemical subtypes. Despite these evident differences, research on breast cancer in young women remains insuffcient, creating gaps in understanding its risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. A lack of age-specifc clinical data and outcomes hinders the adaptation of standard treatment approaches, developed for elderly patients, to the needs of young women. Conclusion. Further research is needed to collect age-specifc clinical data and develop novel treatment strategies for breast cancer in young women, ultimately improving treatment outcomes and identifying promising research directions in this area.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.