References

oncotomsk

Сибирский онкологический журнал

Siberian journal of oncology

1814-48612312-3168

Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences

10.21294/1814-4861-2026-25-1-146-154

oncotomsk-4121

Research Article

ОБЗОРЫ

REVIEWS

Биохимические маркеры метаболизма скелетных мышц, клиническое значение в онкологии: обзор литературы

Biochemical markers of skeletal muscle metabolism and their clinical signifance in oncology: a literature review

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-0320

Березникова

Д. А.

Bereznikova

D. A.

Березникова Дарья Александровна, аспирант кафедры онкологии; онколог центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи

305004, г. Курск, ул. Карла Маркса, 3;305524, г. Курск, ул. Елисеева, 1

Darya A. Bereznikova, Postgraduate, Department of Oncology; Oncologist, Outpatient Cancer Care Center

3, Karl Marx St., Kursk, 305004;1, Eliseeva St., Kursk, 305524

darya.bereznikova@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9057-6227

Станоевич

У. С.

Stanoevich

U. S.

Станоевич Углеша Спасоевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры онкологии; главный врач

305004, г. Курск, ул. Карла Маркса, 3;305524, г. Курск, ул. Елисеева, 1

Uglesha S. Stanoevich, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Oncology; Head Physician

3, Karl Marx St., Kursk, 305004;1, Eliseeva St., Kursk, 305524

ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ОБУЗ «Курский онкологический научно-клинический центр им. Г.Е. Островерхова» Министерства здравоохранения Курской областиРоссияKursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; G.E. Ostroverkhov Kursk Cancer Research and Clinical CenterRussian Federation

2026

07042026

251146154

2026

Березникова Д.А., Станоевич У.С.

Bereznikova D.A., Stanoevich U.S.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/4121

Цель исследования – проанализировать современную литературу о подходах к оценке биохимических маркеров метаболизма скелетных мышц, определить перспективные направления исследований в данной области, обозначить возможные терапевтические стратегии. Материал и методы. Поиск литературы для подготовки обзора осуществлен по базам данных Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, the Cochrane library, РИНЦ, Pubmed. В ходе поиска проанализировано 146 источников, из них в обзор включено 47 публикаций за период 2010–2025 гг. Результаты. Анализ научной литературы позволил выделить 4 ключевых протеолитических каскада, участвующих в развитии саркопении у онкологических пациентов: убиквитин-протеасомный, аутофагический, кальпаин-зависимый и каспазозависимый. Особое внимание уделено прогностической роли биохимических маркеров, включая экспрессию MuRF1 и Atrogin-1, уровни цитокинов и цистатина С. Обнаружена высокая прогностическая значимость соотношения креатинин/цистатин С в оценке риска токсичности противоопухолевой терапии и смертности. Выявлены перспективные молекулярные мишени для таргетной терапии: AMPK, сигнальные каскады IGF-1/AKT/mTOR и транскрипционный фактор NF-kB. Заключение. Саркопения при онкологических заболеваниях обусловлена сложными и взаимосвязанными молекулярными механизмами, включающими как деградацию белка, так и нарушение регенерации мышечной ткани. Использование биохимических маркеров и таргетных вмешательств открывает перспективы для персонализированной диагностики и терапии. Необходимы дальнейшие клинические исследования для валидации биомаркеров и оценки эффективности новых терапевтических стратегий, направленных на предотвращение мышечной атрофии у онкологических больных.

Objective: to analyze current approaches to the assessment of biochemical markers of skeletal muscle metabolism, to identify promising research directions in this feld, and to outline potential therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods. The literature search for the preparation of the review was conducted using the Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, RSCI, and PubMed databases. A total of 146 sources were analyzed, of which 47 scientifc publications were selected. The review includes studies published between 2010 and 2025. Results. Sarcopenia in cancer patients involves four key proteolytic cascades: the ubiquitin– proteasome pathway, autophagic pathway, calpain-dependent pathway, and caspase-dependent pathway. Particular attention was given to the prognostic role of biochemical markers, including muscle-specifc E3 ligases (MuRF1, Atrogin-1), infammatory cytokines, and cystatin C. A high prognostic value of the creatinineto-cystatin C ratio was demonstrated for assessing the risk of anticancer therapy toxicity and mortality. Promising molecular targets, such as AMPK, IGF-1/AKT/mTOR, and the NF-κB, were identifed for targeted therapy. Conclusion. Sarcopenia in cancer arises from complex and molecular mechanisms, including both protein degradation and impaired muscle tissue regeneration. The use of biochemical markers and targeted interventions opens up prospects for precise, personalized medicine, enabling earlier diagnosis, accurate prognosis, and tailored treatments. Further clinical studies are required to validate biomarkers and evaluate the effectiveness of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing muscle atrophy in cancer patients.

саркопениямышечная атрофияубиквитин-протеасомный путьаутофагиякальпаин-зависимая деградациякаспазозависимый путьмаркеры саркопениитерапевтические мишенипротеолитический каскадкахексия

sarcopeniamuscle atrophyubiquitin–proteasome pathwayautophagycalpain-dependent degradationcaspase-dependent pathwaysarcopenia markerstherapeutic targetsproteolytic cascadecachexia

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.