<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2026-25-3-96-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-4326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль гена PPM1D в канцерогенезе миелоидных неоплазий: молекулярные механизмы и перспективы таргетной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of the PPM1D gene in the carcinogenesis of myeloid neoplasms: molecular mechanisms and prospects for targeted therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8464-0862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колосова Екатерина Дмитриевна, лаборант-исследователь, Институт цитологии РАН); лаборант-исследователь, АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 58985826400.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina D. Kolosova, Laboratory Research Assistant, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory Research Assistant, Sirius University of Science and Technology</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 58985826400. </p><p>4, Tikhoretsky Prospect, Saint Petersburg, 194064; 1, Olympic avenue, Sochi, 354340</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katunechka_l@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-3775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданова Дарья Алексеевна, кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник, Институт цитологии РАН); специалист-исследователь, АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57220102985.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Bogdanova, PhD, Junior Researcher, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Research Specialist, Sirius University of Science and Technology</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57220102985. </p><p>4, Tikhoretsky Prospect, Saint Petersburg, 194064; 1, Olympic avenue, Sochi, 354340</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4323-7174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидов</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidov</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демидов Олег Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт цитологии РАН; профессор направления «Иммунобиология и биомедицина», АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 8045768500.</p><p>194064, г Санкт-Петербург, пр-т Тихорецкий, 4; 354340, г Сочи, Олимпийский пр-т, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Demidov, MD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Professor, Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 8045768500.</p><p>4, Tikhoretsky Prospect, Saint Petersburg, 194064; 1, Olympic avenue, Sochi, 354340</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт цитологии РАН; &#13;
АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences; &#13;
Sirius University of Science and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колосова Е.Д., Богданова Д.А., Демидов О.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колосова Е.Д., Богданова Д.А., Демидов О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolosova E.D., Bogdanova D.A., Demidov O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/4326">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/4326</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – обобщение накопленных знаний о роли фосфатазы PPM1D в клональном гемопоэзе (КГ) и патогенезе гематологических заболеваний, в частности при остром миелоидном лейкозе (ОМЛ), а также рассмотрение возможности терапевтического таргетирования PPM1D с помощью специфических ингибиторов.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск соответствующих источников проводился в базах данных Web of Science, PubMed и Scopus. Отбор публикаций осуществлялся на основании актуальности исследований и релевантности их тематики к теме обзора. Поиск научной литературы проводился с использованием следующих ключевых терминов: «mutations of PPM1D», «PPM1D and cancer», «clonal hematopoiesis», «PPM1D and clonal hematopoiesis», «PPM1D gene», «WIP1 phosphatase», «clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential», «therapy-related AML», «p53 signaling pathway», «cell cycle regulation», «targeted cancer therapy», «hematologic malignancies», «truncating mutations» и «inhibitors of PPM1D». Было проанализировано 142 источника, из которых 63 были включены в обзор.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Клональный гемопоэз неопределенного потенциала (КГНП) характеризуется как состояние с соматическими мутациями в генах-драйверах миелоидных неоплазий при аллельной нагрузке ≥2 % в клетках крови у лиц без гематологических заболеваний. Распространенность КГНП превышает 10 % у лиц старше 60 лет и достигает 25 % у пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями. Противоопухолевая терапия способствует селекции клонов гемопоэтических стволовых клеток с мутациями, в том числе с мутациями в гене PPM1D, что значительно повышает риск развития миелоидных новообразований, ассоциированных с предшествующей терапией (t-MN). Фосфатаза PPM1D является негативным регулятором p53 и многих путей клеточной гибели. Ее сверхэкспрессия детектируется при различных типах солидных опухолей (рак яичников, рак молочной железы и др.), а ее мутации обнаруживаются у 1-2 % пациентов с миелоидными неоплазиями de novo и у 10-20 % больных с t-MN. Последние исследования демонстрируют преобладающую роль мутаций PPM1D в возраст-ассоциированном клональном гемопоэзе, при укорочении теломер и наличии герминальных мутаций репарации ДНК, что подчеркивает ключевое значение этой фосфатазы в патогенезе миелоидных заболеваний.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. PPM1D представляет собой перспективную терапевтическую мишень для лечения ОМЛ за счет своей ключевой роли в регуляции многих путей клеточной гибели и ответа на клеточный стресс. Ингибиторы PPM1D могут стать основой для разработки комбинированных схем терапии, особенно для пожилых пациентов и пациентов с приобретенной резистентностью к противоопухолевым препаратам.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to summarize the accumulated knowledge on the role of PPM1D phosphatase in clonal hematopoiesis and the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of therapeutic targeting of PPM1D using specific inhibitors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A search for relevant sources was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Publications were selected based on the relevance of the studies and the pertinence of their subject matter to the topic of the review, the literature search was performed using the following key terms: “mutations of PPM1D", “PPM1D and cancer”, “clonal hematopoiesis”, “PPM1D and clonal hematopoiesis”, “PPM1D gene”, “WIP1 phosphatase”, “clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential”, “therapy-related AML”, “p53 signaling pathway”, “cell cycle regulation”, “targeted cancer therapy”, “hematologic malignancies”, “truncating mutations” and “inhibitors of PPM1D”. A total of 142 sources were analyzed, of which 63 were included in the review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is characterized as a condition involving somatic mutations in driver genes of myeloid neoplasms at a variant allele frequency of ≥2 % in blood cells of individuals without hematological disorders. The prevalence of CHIP exceeds 10 % in individuals over 60 years of age and reaches 25 % in cancer patients. Antineoplastic therapy promotes the selection of hematopoietic stem cell clones harboring mutations, including mutations in the PPM1D gene, which substantially increases the risk of developing therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN). PPM1D phosphatase is a negative regulator of p53 and numerous cell death pathways. Its overexpression is detected in various types of solid tumors (ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and others), while its mutations are identified in 1-2 % of patients with de novo myeloid neoplasms and in 10-20 % of patients with t-MN. Recent studies demonstrate the predominant role of PPM1D mutations in age-associated clonal hematopoiesis, in the context of telomere shortening, and in the presence of germline DNA repair mutations, thereby underscoring the pivotal significance of this phosphatase in the pathogenesis of myeloid disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. PPM1D represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AML owing to its key role in the regulation of multiple cell death pathways and the cellular stress response. PPM1D inhibitors may serve as a foundation for the development of combination therapy regimens, particularly for elderly patients and those with acquired resistance to antineoplastic agents.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>PPM1D</kwd><kwd>клональный гемопоэз</kwd><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы PPM1D</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>клональный гемопоэз неопределенного потенциала</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PPM1D</kwd><kwd>clonal hematopoiesis</kwd><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>PPM1D inhibitors</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано грантом РНФ 19-75-20128-П.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 19-75-20128-P.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaiswal S., Ebert B.L. Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease. Science. 2019; 366(6465): eaan4673. doi: 10.1126/science.aan4673.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaiswal S., Ebert B.L. Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease. Science. 2019; 366(6465): eaan4673. doi: 10.1126/science.aan4673.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weeks L.D., Niroula A., Neuberg D., Wong W., Lindsley R.C., Luskin M.R., Berliner N., Stone R.M., DeAngelo D.J., Soiffer R.J., Uddin M.M., Griffin G., Vlasschaert C., Gibson C.J., Jaiswal S., Bick A.G., Malcovati L., Natarajan P., Ebert B.L. Prediction of Risk for Myeloid Malignancy in Clonal Hematopoiesis. NEJM Evidence. 2023; 2(5): doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2200310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weeks L.D., Niroula A., Neuberg D., Wong W., Lindsley R.C., Luskin M.R., Berliner N., Stone R.M., DeAngelo D.J., Soiffer R.J., Uddin M.M., Griffin G., Vlasschaert C., Gibson C.J., Jaiswal S., Bick A.G., Malcovati L., Natarajan P., Ebert B.L. Prediction of Risk for Myeloid Malignancy in Clonal Hematopoiesis. NEJM Evidence. 2023; 2(5): doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2200310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kar S.P., Quiros P.M., Gu M., Jiang T., Mitchell J., Langdon R., Iyer V., Barcena C., Vijayabaskar M.S., Fabre M.A., Carter P., Petrovski S., Burgess S., Vassiliou G.S. Genome-wide analyses of 200,453 individuals yield new insights into the causes and consequences of clonal hematopoiesis. Nat Genet. 2022; 54(8): 1155–66. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01121-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kar S.P., Quiros P.M., Gu M., Jiang T., Mitchell J., Langdon R., Iyer V., Barcena C., Vijayabaskar M.S., Fabre M.A., Carter P., Petrovski S., Burgess S., Vassiliou G.S. Genome-wide analyses of 200,453 individuals yield new insights into the causes and consequences of clonal hematopoiesis. Nat Genet. 2022; 54(8): 1155–66. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01121-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolton K.L., Ptashkin R.N., Gao T., Braunstein L., Devlin S.M., Kelly D., Patel M., BerthonA., SyedA., Yabe M., Coombs C.C., Caltabellotta N.M., Walsh M., Offit K., Stadler Z., Mandelker D., Schulman J., Patel A., Philip J., Bernard E., Gundem G., Ossa J.E.A., Levine M., Martinez J.S.M., Farnoud N., GlodzikD.,Li S.,RobsonM.E.,LeeC.,PharoahP.D.P.,StopsackK.H.,SpitzerB., Mantha S., Fagin J., Boucai L., Gibson C.J., Ebert B.L., Young A.L., Druley T., Takahashi K., Gillis N., Ball M., Padron E., Hyman D.M., Baselga J., Norton L., Gardos S., Klimek V.M., Scher H., Bajorin D., Paraiso E., Benayed R., Arcila M.E., Ladanyi M., Solit D.B., Berger M.F., Tallman M., Garcia-Closas M., Chatterjee N., Diaz L.A., Levine R.L., Morton L.M., Zehir A., Papaemmanuil E. Cancer therapy shapes the fitness landscape of clonal hematopoiesis. Nat Genet. 2020; 52(11): 1219–26. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-00710-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolton K.L., Ptashkin R.N., Gao T., Braunstein L., Devlin S.M., Kelly D., Patel M., BerthonA., SyedA., Yabe M., Coombs C.C., Caltabellotta N.M., Walsh M., Offit K., Stadler Z., Mandelker D., Schulman J., Patel A., Philip J., Bernard E., Gundem G., Ossa J.E.A., Levine M., Martinez J.S.M., Farnoud N., GlodzikD.,Li S.,RobsonM.E.,LeeC.,PharoahP.D.P.,StopsackK.H.,SpitzerB., Mantha S., Fagin J., Boucai L., Gibson C.J., Ebert B.L., Young A.L., Druley T., Takahashi K., Gillis N., Ball M., Padron E., Hyman D.M., Baselga J., Norton L., Gardos S., Klimek V.M., Scher H., Bajorin D., Paraiso E., Benayed R., Arcila M.E., Ladanyi M., Solit D.B., Berger M.F., Tallman M., Garcia-Closas M., Chatterjee N., Diaz L.A., Levine R.L., Morton L.M., Zehir A., Papaemmanuil E. Cancer therapy shapes the fitness landscape of clonal hematopoiesis. Nat Genet. 2020; 52(11): 1219–26. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-00710-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Husby S., Hjermind Justesen E., Grønbæk K. Protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn2+ ‐dependent 1D (PPM1D) mutations in haematological cancer. Br J Haematol. 2021; 192(4): 697–705. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Husby S., Hjermind Justesen E., Grønbæk K. Protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn2+ ‐dependent 1D (PPM1D) mutations in haematological cancer. Br J Haematol. 2021; 192(4): 697–705. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar J.P., Kosek D., Durell S.R., Miller Jenkins L.M., Debnath S., Coussens N.P., Hall M.D., Appella D.H., Dyda F., Mazur S.J., Appella E. Crystal structure and mechanistic studies of the PPM1D serine/threonine phosphatase catalytic domain. J Biol Chem. 2024; 300(8): 107561. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107561.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar J.P., Kosek D., Durell S.R., Miller Jenkins L.M., Debnath S., Coussens N.P., Hall M.D., Appella D.H., Dyda F., Mazur S.J., Appella E. Crystal structure and mechanistic studies of the PPM1D serine/threonine phosphatase catalytic domain. J Biol Chem. 2024; 300(8): 107561. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107561.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lagorgette L., Bogdanova D.A., Belotserkovskaya E.V., Garrido C., Demidov O.N. PP2C phosphatases-terminators of suicidal thoughts. Cell Death Dis. 2024; 15(12): 919. doi: 10.1038/s41419-024-07269-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lagorgette L., Bogdanova D.A., Belotserkovskaya E.V., Garrido C., Demidov O.N. PP2C phosphatases-terminators of suicidal thoughts. Cell Death Dis. 2024; 15(12): 919. doi: 10.1038/s41419-024-07269-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoyanov M., Martinikova A.S., Matejkova K., Horackova K., Zemankova P., Burdova K., Zemanova Z., Kleiblova P., Kleibl Z., Macurek L. PPM1D activity promotes cellular transformation by preventing senescence and cell death. Oncogene. 2024; 43(42): 3081–93. doi: 10.1038/s41388-024-03149-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoyanov M., Martinikova A.S., Matejkova K., Horackova K., Zemankova P., Burdova K., Zemanova Z., Kleiblova P., Kleibl Z., Macurek L. PPM1D activity promotes cellular transformation by preventing senescence and cell death. Oncogene. 2024; 43(42): 3081–93. doi: 10.1038/s41388-024-03149-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fandrei D., Pegliasco J., Pasquier F., Ibrahim N., Kfoury M., Berthon C., Heiblig M., Lebon D., Marçais A., Meunier M., Al Jijakli A., Lemasle E., Chantepie S., Pautas C., Dumas P.Y., Salanoubat C., Carp D., Loyaux R., Quivoron C., Pages A., Job B., Jelin R., Jules-Clement G., Antony-Debré I., Renneville A., Cotteret S., Itzykson R., Dombret H., Duployez N., Droin N., Leary A., Marzac C., Bernard E., Micol J.B. Clonal Evolution of PPM1D Mutations in the Spectrum of Myeloid Disorders. Clin Cancer Res. 2025; 31(11): 2241–53. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-3683.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fandrei D., Pegliasco J., Pasquier F., Ibrahim N., Kfoury M., Berthon C., Heiblig M., Lebon D., Marçais A., Meunier M., Al Jijakli A., Lemasle E., Chantepie S., Pautas C., Dumas P.Y., Salanoubat C., Carp D., Loyaux R., Quivoron C., Pages A., Job B., Jelin R., Jules-Clement G., Antony-Debré I., Renneville A., Cotteret S., Itzykson R., Dombret H., Duployez N., Droin N., Leary A., Marzac C., Bernard E., Micol J.B. Clonal Evolution of PPM1D Mutations in the Spectrum of Myeloid Disorders. Clin Cancer Res. 2025; 31(11): 2241–53. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-3683.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fabiani E., Falconi G., Fianchi L., Criscuolo M., Ottone T., Cicconi L., Hohaus S., Sica S., Postorino M., Neri A., Lionetti M., Leone G., Lo-Coco F., Voso M.T. Clonal evolution in therapy-related neoplasms. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(7): 12031–40. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fabiani E., Falconi G., Fianchi L., Criscuolo M., Ottone T., Cicconi L., Hohaus S., Sica S., Postorino M., Neri A., Lionetti M., Leone G., Lo-Coco F., Voso M.T. Clonal evolution in therapy-related neoplasms. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(7): 12031–40. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burocziova M., Danek P., Oravetzova A., Chalupova Z., AlberichJorda M., Macurek L. Ppm1d truncating mutations promote the development of genotoxic stress-induced AML. Leukemia. 2023; 37(11): 2209–20. doi: 10.1038/s41375-023-02030-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burocziova M., Danek P., Oravetzova A., Chalupova Z., AlberichJorda M., Macurek L. Ppm1d truncating mutations promote the development of genotoxic stress-induced AML. Leukemia. 2023; 37(11): 2209–20. doi: 10.1038/s41375-023-02030-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed S.C., Croessmann S., Park B.H. CHIP Happens: Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and Its Relationship to Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2023; 29(8): 1403–11. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-2598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed S.C., Croessmann S., Park B.H. CHIP Happens: Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and Its Relationship to Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2023; 29(8): 1403–11. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-2598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim H., Lee J.K., Hong Y.J., Kang H.J., Byun B.H., Lee S.S. PPM1D Mutation as a Distinct Feature of Myeloid Neoplasms in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients: A Retrospective Analysis. Cancers. 2025; 17(7): 1185. doi: 10.3390/cancers17071185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim H., Lee J.K., Hong Y.J., Kang H.J., Byun B.H., Lee S.S. PPM1D Mutation as a Distinct Feature of Myeloid Neoplasms in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients: A Retrospective Analysis. Cancers. 2025; 17(7): 1185. doi: 10.3390/cancers17071185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L., Hsu J.I., Goodell M.A. PPM1D in Solid and Hematologic Malignancies: Friend and Foe? Mol Cancer Res. 2022; 20(9): 1365–78. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-21-1018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L., Hsu J.I., Goodell M.A. PPM1D in Solid and Hematologic Malignancies: Friend and Foe? Mol Cancer Res. 2022; 20(9): 1365–78. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-21-1018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arends C.M., Jaiswal S. Dynamics of clonal hematopoiesis and risk of hematologic malignancy. Int J Hematol. 2025; 122(3): 318–26. doi: 10.1007/s12185-024-03829-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arends C.M., Jaiswal S. Dynamics of clonal hematopoiesis and risk of hematologic malignancy. Int J Hematol. 2025; 122(3): 318–26. doi: 10.1007/s12185-024-03829-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badar T., Marando L., Lasho T., Denis Oliva F., Lin C., J. McCormick B., El Kettani M., J. Shah K., Kusne Y., Jamy O., Diebold K., Coltoff A., Finke C., Foran J., Kharfan-Dabaja M., Fan Y.S., Jiang L., He R., Thomas M., Patel A., Viswanatha D., Vinod Shah M., Saliba A., Mangaonkar A., Kirschner K., Al-Kali A., Litzow M., Patnaik M. Spectrum, Prevalence, and Clinical Correlates of PPM1D Mutations in Patients with Clonal Haematopoiesis and Clonal Cytopenias. EMJ Hematol. 2025; 13(1): 54–57. doi: 10.33590/emjhematol/ZUPR7395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badar T., Marando L., Lasho T., Denis Oliva F., Lin C., J. McCormick B., El Kettani M., J. Shah K., Kusne Y., Jamy O., Diebold K., Coltoff A., Finke C., Foran J., Kharfan-Dabaja M., Fan Y.S., Jiang L., He R., Thomas M., Patel A., Viswanatha D., Vinod Shah M., Saliba A., Mangaonkar A., Kirschner K., Al-Kali A., Litzow M., Patnaik M. Spectrum, Prevalence, and Clinical Correlates of PPM1D Mutations in Patients with Clonal Haematopoiesis and Clonal Cytopenias. EMJ Hematol. 2025; 13(1): 54–57. doi: 10.33590/emjhematol/ZUPR7395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seipel K., Veglio N.Z., Nilius H., Jeker B., Bacher U., Pabst T. Rising Prevalence of Low-Frequency PPM1D Gene Mutations after Second HDCT in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024; 46(8): 8197–208. doi: 10.3390/cimb46080484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seipel K., Veglio N.Z., Nilius H., Jeker B., Bacher U., Pabst T. Rising Prevalence of Low-Frequency PPM1D Gene Mutations after Second HDCT in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024; 46(8): 8197–208. doi: 10.3390/cimb46080484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weber-Lassalle K., Ernst C., Reuss A., Möllenhoff K., Baumann K., Jackisch C., Hauke J., Dietrich D., Borde J., Park-Simon T.W., Hanker L., Prieske K., Schmidt S., Weber-Lassalle N., Pohl-Rescigno E., Kommoss S., Marmé F., Heitz F., Stingl J.C., Schmutzler R.K, Harter P., Hahnen E. Clonal Hematopoiesis–Associated Gene Mutations in a Clinical Cohort of 448 Patients With Ovarian Cancer. JNCI. 2022; 114(4): 565–70. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber-Lassalle K., Ernst C., Reuss A., Möllenhoff K., Baumann K., Jackisch C., Hauke J., Dietrich D., Borde J., Park-Simon T.W., Hanker L., Prieske K., Schmidt S., Weber-Lassalle N., Pohl-Rescigno E., Kommoss S., Marmé F., Heitz F., Stingl J.C., Schmutzler R.K, Harter P., Hahnen E. Clonal Hematopoiesis–Associated Gene Mutations in a Clinical Cohort of 448 Patients With Ovarian Cancer. JNCI. 2022; 114(4): 565–70. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayerhofer C., Sedrak M.S., Hopkins J.O., Li T., Tayob N., Faggen M.G., Sinclair N.F., Chen W.Y., Parsons H.A., Mayer E.L., Lange P.B., Basta A.S., Perilla-Glen A., Lederman R.I., Wong A.R., Tiwari A., McAllister S.S., Mittendorf E.A., Gibson C.J., Burstein H..J, Kim A.S., Freedman R.A., Miller P.G. Clonal hematopoiesis in older patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. JNCI. 2023; 115(8): 981–88. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayerhofer C., Sedrak M.S., Hopkins J.O., Li T., Tayob N., Faggen M.G., Sinclair N.F., Chen W.Y., Parsons H.A., Mayer E.L., Lange P.B., Basta A.S., Perilla-Glen A., Lederman R.I., Wong A.R., Tiwari A., McAllister S.S., Mittendorf E.A., Gibson C.J., Burstein H..J, Kim A.S., Freedman R.A., Miller P.G. Clonal hematopoiesis in older patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. JNCI. 2023; 115(8): 981–88. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meller A., De Oliveira S., Davtyan A., Abramyan T., Bowman G.R., van den Bedem H. Discovery of a cryptic pocket in the AI-predicted structure of PPM1D phosphatase explains the binding site and potency of its allosteric inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci. 2023; 10: 1171143. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1171143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meller A., De Oliveira S., Davtyan A., Abramyan T., Bowman G.R., van den Bedem H. Discovery of a cryptic pocket in the AI-predicted structure of PPM1D phosphatase explains the binding site and potency of its allosteric inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci. 2023; 10: 1171143. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1171143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller P.G., Sathappa M., Moroco J.A., Jiang W., Qian Y., Iqbal S., Guo Q., Giacomelli A.O., Shaw S., Vernier C., Bajrami B., Yang X., Raffier C., Sperling A.S., Gibson C.J., Kahn J., Jin C., Ranaghan M., Caliman A., Brousseau M., Fischer E.S., Lintner R., Piccioni F., Campbell A.J., Root D.E., Garvie C.W., Ebert B.L. Allosteric inhibition of PPM1D serine/threonine phosphatase via an altered conformational state. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1): 3778. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30463-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller P.G., Sathappa M., Moroco J.A., Jiang W., Qian Y., Iqbal S., Guo Q., Giacomelli A.O., Shaw S., Vernier C., Bajrami B., Yang X., Raffier C., Sperling A.S., Gibson C.J., Kahn J., Jin C., Ranaghan M., Caliman A., Brousseau M., Fischer E.S., Lintner R., Piccioni F., Campbell A.J., Root D.E., Garvie C.W., Ebert B.L. Allosteric inhibition of PPM1D serine/threonine phosphatase via an altered conformational state. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1): 3778. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30463-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahn J.D., Miller P.G., Silver A.J., Sellar R.S., Bhatt S., Gibson C., McConkey M., Adams D., Mar B., Mertins P., Fereshetian S., Krug K., Zhu H., Letai A., Carr S.A., Doench J., Jaiswal S., Ebert B.L. PPM1Dtruncating mutations confer resistance to chemotherapy and sensitivity to PPM1D inhibition in hematopoietic cells. Blood. 2018; 132(11): 1095–105. doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-850339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahn J.D., Miller P.G., Silver A.J., Sellar R.S., Bhatt S., Gibson C., McConkey M., Adams D., Mar B., Mertins P., Fereshetian S., Krug K., Zhu H., Letai A., Carr S.A., Doench J., Jaiswal S., Ebert B.L. PPM1Dtruncating mutations confer resistance to chemotherapy and sensitivity to PPM1D inhibition in hematopoietic cells. Blood. 2018; 132(11): 1095–105. doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-850339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milosevic J., Fransson S., Gulyas M., Olsen T.K., Gallo-Oller G., Treis D., Elfman L.H.M., Wilhelm M., Martinsson T., Baryawno N., Kogner P., Johnsen J.I. High Expression of PPM1D Induces Tumors Phenotypically Similar to TP53 Loss-of-Function Mutations in Mice. Cancers. 2021; 13(21): 5493. doi: 10.3390/cancers13215493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milosevic J., Fransson S., Gulyas M., Olsen T.K., Gallo-Oller G., Treis D., Elfman L.H.M., Wilhelm M., Martinsson T., Baryawno N., Kogner P., Johnsen J.I. High Expression of PPM1D Induces Tumors Phenotypically Similar to TP53 Loss-of-Function Mutations in Mice. Cancers. 2021; 13(21): 5493. doi: 10.3390/cancers13215493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunet T., Berutti R., Dill V., Hecker J.S., Choukair D., Andres S., Deschauer M., Diehl-Schmid J., Krenn M., Eckstein G., Graf E., Gasser T., Strom T.M., Hoefele J., Götze K.S., Meitinger T., Wagner M. Clonal hematopoiesis as a pitfall in germline variant interpretation in the context of Mendelian disorders. Human Mol Gen. 2022; 31(14): 2386–95. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunet T., Berutti R., Dill V., Hecker J.S., Choukair D., Andres S., Deschauer M., Diehl-Schmid J., Krenn M., Eckstein G., Graf E., Gasser T., Strom T.M., Hoefele J., Götze K.S., Meitinger T., Wagner M. Clonal hematopoiesis as a pitfall in germline variant interpretation in the context of Mendelian disorders. Human Mol Gen. 2022; 31(14): 2386–95. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., Wang L., Yao D., Yang T., Cao W.M., Dou J., Pang J.C., Guan S., Zhang H., Yu Y., Zhao Y., Wang Y., Xu X., Shi Y., Patel R., Zhang H., Vasudevan S.A., Liu S., Yang J., Nuchtern J.G. Wip1 inhibitor GSK2830371 inhibits neuroblastoma growth by inducing Chk2/p53-mediated apoptosis. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 38011. doi: 10.1038/srep38011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z., Wang L., Yao D., Yang T., Cao W.M., Dou J., Pang J.C., Guan S., Zhang H., Yu Y., Zhao Y., Wang Y., Xu X., Shi Y., Patel R., Zhang H., Vasudevan S.A., Liu S., Yang J., Nuchtern J.G. Wip1 inhibitor GSK2830371 inhibits neuroblastoma growth by inducing Chk2/p53-mediated apoptosis. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 38011. doi: 10.1038/srep38011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abuetabh Y., Wu H.H., Chai C., Al Yousef H., Persad S., Sergi C.M., Leng R. DNA damage response revisited: the p53 family and its regulators provide endless cancer therapy opportunities. Exp Mol Med. 2022; 54(10): 1658–69. doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00863-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abuetabh Y., Wu H.H., Chai C., Al Yousef H., Persad S., Sergi C.M., Leng R. DNA damage response revisited: the p53 family and its regulators provide endless cancer therapy opportunities. Exp Mol Med. 2022; 54(10): 1658–69. doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00863-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao Q., Werner J., Venkatachalam N., Boonekamp K.E., Ebert M.P., Zhan T. Cross-Talk between p53 and Wnt Signaling in Cancer. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(3): 453. doi:10.3390/biom12030453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao Q., Werner J., Venkatachalam N., Boonekamp K.E., Ebert M.P., Zhan T. Cross-Talk between p53 and Wnt Signaling in Cancer. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(3): 453. doi:10.3390/biom12030453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campos A., Clemente-Blanco A. Cell Cycle and DNA Repair Regulation in the Damage Response: Protein Phosphatases Take Over the Reins. IJMS. 2020; 21(2): 446. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campos A., Clemente-Blanco A. Cell Cycle and DNA Repair Regulation in the Damage Response: Protein Phosphatases Take Over the Reins. IJMS. 2020; 21(2): 446. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen J., Wang Q., Mao Y., Gao W., Duan S. Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm. 2023; 4(3): e288. doi:10.1002/mco2.288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen J., Wang Q., Mao Y., Gao W., Duan S. Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm. 2023; 4(3): e288. doi:10.1002/mco2.288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Limón A., Joaquin M., Caballero M., Posas F., De Nadal E. The p38 Pathway: From Biology to Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(6): 1913. doi: 10.3390/ijms21061913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Limón A., Joaquin M., Caballero M., Posas F., De Nadal E. The p38 Pathway: From Biology to Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(6): 1913. doi: 10.3390/ijms21061913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu K.M., Zhang H.H., Wang Y.N., Wang L.M., Chen H.Y., Long C.F., Zhang L.F., Zhang H.B., Yan H.B. Wild-type p53-induced Phosphatase 1 Deficiency Exacerbates Myocardial Infarction-induced Ischemic Injury. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017; 130(11): 1333–41. doi: 10.4103/03666999.206353.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu K.M., Zhang H.H., Wang Y.N., Wang L.M., Chen H.Y., Long C.F., Zhang L.F., Zhang H.B., Yan H.B. Wild-type p53-induced Phosphatase 1 Deficiency Exacerbates Myocardial Infarction-induced Ischemic Injury. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017; 130(11): 1333–41. doi: 10.4103/03666999.206353.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanahan D. Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions. Cancer Discov. 2022; 12(1): 31–46. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanahan D. Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions. Cancer Discov. 2022; 12(1): 31–46. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goloudina A.R., Mazur S.J., Appella E., Garrido C., Demidov O.N. Wip1 sensitizes p53-negative tumors to apoptosis by regulating the Bax/ Bcl-x ratio. Cell Cycle. 2012; 11(10): 1883–87. doi: 10.4161/cc.19901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goloudina A.R., Mazur S.J., Appella E., Garrido C., Demidov O.N. Wip1 sensitizes p53-negative tumors to apoptosis by regulating the Bax/ Bcl-x ratio. Cell Cycle. 2012; 11(10): 1883–87. doi: 10.4161/cc.19901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goloudina A.R., Kochetkova E.Y., Pospelova T.V., Demidov O.N. Wip1 phosphatase: between p53 and MAPK kinases pathways. Oncotarget. 2016; 7(21): 31563–71. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goloudina A.R., Kochetkova E.Y., Pospelova T.V., Demidov O.N. Wip1 phosphatase: between p53 and MAPK kinases pathways. Oncotarget. 2016; 7(21): 31563–71. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng W., Li J., Dorrah K., Jimenez-Tapia D., Arriaga B., Hao Q., Cao W., Gao Z., Vadgama J., Wu Y. The role of PPM1D in cancer and advances in studies of its inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020; 125: 109956. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109956.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng W., Li J., Dorrah K., Jimenez-Tapia D., Arriaga B., Hao Q., Cao W., Gao Z., Vadgama J., Wu Y. The role of PPM1D in cancer and advances in studies of its inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020; 125: 109956. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109956.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Challen G.A., Goodell M.A. Clonal hematopoiesis: mechanisms driving dominance of stem cell clones. Blood. 2020; 136(14): 1590–98. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020006510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Challen G.A., Goodell M.A. Clonal hematopoiesis: mechanisms driving dominance of stem cell clones. Blood. 2020; 136(14): 1590–98. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020006510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Awada H., Gurnari C., Visconte V., Durmaz A., Kuzmanovic T., Awada H., Tu Z.J., Cook J.R., Bolwell B.J., Sobecks R., Kalaycio M., Bosler D., Maciejewski J.P. Clonal hematopoiesis–derived therapy-related myeloid neoplasms after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for lymphoid and non-lymphoid disorders. Leukemia. 2024; 38(6): 1266–74. doi: 10.1038/s41375-024-02258-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Awada H., Gurnari C., Visconte V., Durmaz A., Kuzmanovic T., Awada H., Tu Z.J., Cook J.R., Bolwell B.J., Sobecks R., Kalaycio M., Bosler D., Maciejewski J.P. Clonal hematopoiesis–derived therapy-related myeloid neoplasms after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for lymphoid and non-lymphoid disorders. Leukemia. 2024; 38(6): 1266–74. doi: 10.1038/s41375-024-02258-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunn W.G., McLoughlin M.A., Vassiliou G.S. Clonal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy. J Clin Invest. 2024; 134(19): e180065. doi: 10.1172/JCI180065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunn W.G., McLoughlin M.A., Vassiliou G.S. Clonal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy. J Clin Invest. 2024; 134(19): e180065. doi: 10.1172/JCI180065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marnell C.S., Bick A., Natarajan P. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP): Linking somatic mutations, hematopoiesis, chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2021; 161: 98–105. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marnell C.S., Bick A., Natarajan P. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP): Linking somatic mutations, hematopoiesis, chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2021; 161: 98–105. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan C., Richard M.A., Gibson C.J., He J., BosworthA., Crossman D.K., Singh P., Hageman L., Kalra R., Armenian S.H., Vose J., Weisdorf D.J., Ebert B.L., Yasui Y., Forman S.J., Bhatia R., Bhatia S. Clonal Hematopoiesis and Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms After Autologous Transplant for Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2024; 42(20): 2415–24. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.02547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan C., Richard M.A., Gibson C.J., He J., BosworthA., Crossman D.K., Singh P., Hageman L., Kalra R., Armenian S.H., Vose J., Weisdorf D.J., Ebert B.L., Yasui Y., Forman S.J., Bhatia R., Bhatia S. Clonal Hematopoiesis and Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms After Autologous Transplant for Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2024; 42(20): 2415–24. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.02547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cacic A.M., Schulz F.I., Germing U., Dietrich S., Gattermann N. Molecular and clinical aspects relevant for counseling individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Front Oncol. 2023; 13: 1303785. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1303785.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cacic A.M., Schulz F.I., Germing U., Dietrich S., Gattermann N. Molecular and clinical aspects relevant for counseling individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Front Oncol. 2023; 13: 1303785. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1303785.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaiswal S., Fontanillas P., Flannick J., Manning A., Grauman P.V., Mar B.G., Lindsley R.C., Mermel C.H., Burtt N., Chavez A., Higgins J.M., Moltchanov V., Kuo F.C., Kluk M.J., Henderson B., Kinnunen L., Koistinen H.A., Ladenvall C., Getz G., Correa A., Banahan B.F., Gabriel S., Kathiresan S., Stringham H.M., McCarthy M.I., Boehnke M., Tuomilehto J., Haiman C., Groop L., Atzmon G., Wilson J.G., Neuberg D., Altshuler D., Ebert B.L.. Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371(26): 2488–98. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1408617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaiswal S., Fontanillas P., Flannick J., Manning A., Grauman P.V., Mar B.G., Lindsley R.C., Mermel C.H., Burtt N., Chavez A., Higgins J.M., Moltchanov V., Kuo F.C., Kluk M.J., Henderson B., Kinnunen L., Koistinen H.A., Ladenvall C., Getz G., Correa A., Banahan B.F., Gabriel S., Kathiresan S., Stringham H.M., McCarthy M.I., Boehnke M., Tuomilehto J., Haiman C., Groop L., Atzmon G., Wilson J.G., Neuberg D., Altshuler D., Ebert B.L.. Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371(26): 2488–98. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1408617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belizaire R., Wong W.J., Robinette M.L., Ebert B.L. Clonal haematopoiesis and dysregulation of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023; 23(9): 595–610. doi: 10.1038/s41577-023-00843-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belizaire R., Wong W.J., Robinette M.L., Ebert B.L. Clonal haematopoiesis and dysregulation of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023; 23(9): 595–610. doi: 10.1038/s41577-023-00843-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi K., Wang F., Kantarjian H., Doss D., Khanna K., Thompson E., Zhao L., Patel K., Neelapu S., Gumbs C., Bueso-Ramos C., DiNardo C.D., Colla S., Ravandi F., Zhang J., Huang X., Wu X., Samaniego F., Garcia-Manero G., Futreal P.A. Preleukaemic clonal haemopoiesis and risk of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: a case-control study. Lancet Oncol. 2017; 18(1): 100–111. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30626-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi K., Wang F., Kantarjian H., Doss D., Khanna K., Thompson E., Zhao L., Patel K., Neelapu S., Gumbs C., Bueso-Ramos C., DiNardo C.D., Colla S., Ravandi F., Zhang J., Huang X., Wu X., Samaniego F., Garcia-Manero G., Futreal P.A. Preleukaemic clonal haemopoiesis and risk of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: a case-control study. Lancet Oncol. 2017; 18(1): 100–111. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30626-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pendse S., Loeffler D. Decoding Clonal Hematopoiesis: Emerging Themes and Novel Mechanistic Insights. Cancers. 2024; 16(15): 2634. doi: 10.3390/cancers16152634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pendse S., Loeffler D. Decoding Clonal Hematopoiesis: Emerging Themes and Novel Mechanistic Insights. Cancers. 2024; 16(15): 2634. doi: 10.3390/cancers16152634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLoughlin M.A., Cheloor Kovilakam S., Dunn W.G., Gu M., Tobin J., Pershad Y., Williams N., Leongamornlert D., Dawson K., Bond L., Marando L., Wen S., Wilson R., Valenzano G., Symeonidou V., Rak J., Damaskou A., Gozdecka M., Liu X., Barcena C., Nomdedeu J., Costeas P., Dimitriou I.D., Fiorillo E., Orrù V., De Almeida J.G., McKerrell T., Cullen M., Mohorianu I., Foukaneli T., Warren A.J., Wong C., Follows G., Godfrey A.L., Gudgin E., Cucca F., McKinney E., Baxter E.J., Gerstung M., Mitchell J., Wiseman D., Bick A.G., Fabre M., Quiros P.M., Nangalia J., Kar S., Vassiliou G.S. Telomere attrition becomes an instrument for clonal selection in aging hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Nat Genet. 2025; 57(9): 2215–25. doi: 10.1038/s41588-025-02296-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLoughlin M.A., Cheloor Kovilakam S., Dunn W.G., Gu M., Tobin J., Pershad Y., Williams N., Leongamornlert D., Dawson K., Bond L., Marando L., Wen S., Wilson R., Valenzano G., Symeonidou V., Rak J., Damaskou A., Gozdecka M., Liu X., Barcena C., Nomdedeu J., Costeas P., Dimitriou I.D., Fiorillo E., Orrù V., De Almeida J.G., McKerrell T., Cullen M., Mohorianu I., Foukaneli T., Warren A.J., Wong C., Follows G., Godfrey A.L., Gudgin E., Cucca F., McKinney E., Baxter E.J., Gerstung M., Mitchell J., Wiseman D., Bick A.G., Fabre M., Quiros P.M., Nangalia J., Kar S., Vassiliou G.S. Telomere attrition becomes an instrument for clonal selection in aging hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Nat Genet. 2025; 57(9): 2215–25. doi: 10.1038/s41588-025-02296-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belotserkovskaya E., Golotin V., Uyanik B., Demidov O.N. Clonal haematopoiesis – a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly. Cell Death Discov. 2023; 9(1): 345. doi: 10.1038/s41420-02301590-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belotserkovskaya E., Golotin V., Uyanik B., Demidov O.N. Clonal haematopoiesis – a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly. Cell Death Discov. 2023; 9(1): 345. doi: 10.1038/s41420-02301590-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhansali R.S., Pratz K.W., Lai C. Recent advances in targeted therapies in acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol. 2023; 16(1): 29. doi: 10.1186/s13045-023-01424-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhansali R.S., Pratz K.W., Lai C. Recent advances in targeted therapies in acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol. 2023; 16(1): 29. doi: 10.1186/s13045-023-01424-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winer E.S., Stone R.M. Novel therapy in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): moving toward targeted approaches. Ther Adv Hematol. 2019; 10: 2040620719860645. doi: 10.1177/2040620719860645.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winer E.S., Stone R.M. Novel therapy in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): moving toward targeted approaches. Ther Adv Hematol. 2019; 10: 2040620719860645. doi: 10.1177/2040620719860645.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jen W., Kantarjian H., Kadia T.M., DiNardo C.D., Issa G.C., Short N.J., Yilmaz M., Borthakur G., Ravandi F., Daver N.G. Combination therapy with novel agents for acute myeloid leukaemia: Insights into treatment of a heterogenous disease. Br J Haematol. 2024; 205(1): 30–47. doi: 10.1111/bjh.19519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jen W., Kantarjian H., Kadia T.M., DiNardo C.D., Issa G.C., Short N.J., Yilmaz M., Borthakur G., Ravandi F., Daver N.G. Combination therapy with novel agents for acute myeloid leukaemia: Insights into treatment of a heterogenous disease. Br J Haematol. 2024; 205(1): 30–47. doi: 10.1111/bjh.19519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kantarjian H., Kadia T., DiNardo C., Daver N., Borthakur G., Jabbour E., Garcia-Manero G., Konopleva M., Ravandi F. Acute myeloid leukemia: current progress and future directions. Blood Cancer J. 2021; 11(2): 41. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00425-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kantarjian H., Kadia T., DiNardo C., Daver N., Borthakur G., Jabbour E., Garcia-Manero G., Konopleva M., Ravandi F. Acute myeloid leukemia: current progress and future directions. Blood Cancer J. 2021; 11(2): 41. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00425-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Dijk A.D., De Bont E.S.J.M., Kornblau S.M. Targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia: current status and new insights from a proteomic perspective. Exp Rev Proteom. 2020; 17(1): 1–10. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1717951.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Dijk A.D., De Bont E.S.J.M., Kornblau S.M. Targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia: current status and new insights from a proteomic perspective. Exp Rev Proteom. 2020; 17(1): 1–10. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1717951.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swaminathan M., Wang E.S. Novel therapies for AML: a roundup for clinicians. Exp Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020; 13(12): 1389–400. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1850255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swaminathan M., Wang E.S. Novel therapies for AML: a roundup for clinicians. Exp Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020; 13(12): 1389–400. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1850255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleischmann M., Schnetzke U., Hochhaus A., Scholl S. Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives. Cancers. 2021; 13(22): 5722. doi: 10.3390/cancers13225722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleischmann M., Schnetzke U., Hochhaus A., Scholl S. Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives. Cancers. 2021; 13(22): 5722. doi: 10.3390/cancers13225722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daver N., Wei A.H., Pollyea D.A., Fathi A.T., Vyas P., DiNardo C.D. New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter. Blood Cancer J. 2020; 10(10): 107. doi: 10.1038/s41408-020-00376-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daver N., Wei A.H., Pollyea D.A., Fathi A.T., Vyas P., DiNardo C.D. New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter. Blood Cancer J. 2020; 10(10): 107. doi: 10.1038/s41408-020-00376-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khanal N., Upadhyay Banskota S., Bhatt V.R. Novel Treatment Paradigms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Pharma Ther. 2020; 108(3): 506–14. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khanal N., Upadhyay Banskota S., Bhatt V.R. Novel Treatment Paradigms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Pharma Ther. 2020; 108(3): 506–14. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fontana M.C., Nanni J., Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà A., Petracci E., Padella A., Ghetti M., Ferrari A., Marconi G., Soverini S., Iacobucci I., Papayannidis C., Curti A., Audisio E., Giannini M.B., Rondoni M., Lanza F., Cavo M., Martinelli G., Simonetti G. Pharmacological Inhibition of WIP1 Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to the MDM2 Inhibitor Nutlin3a. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(4): 388. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9040388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fontana M.C., Nanni J., Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà A., Petracci E., Padella A., Ghetti M., Ferrari A., Marconi G., Soverini S., Iacobucci I., Papayannidis C., Curti A., Audisio E., Giannini M.B., Rondoni M., Lanza F., Cavo M., Martinelli G., Simonetti G. Pharmacological Inhibition of WIP1 Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to the MDM2 Inhibitor Nutlin3a. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(4): 388. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9040388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng K., Liu L., Tan X., Zhang Z., Li J., Ou Y., Wang X., Yang S., Xiang R., Sun P. WIP1 promotes cancer stem cell properties by inhibiting p38 MAPK in NSCLC. Sig Transduct Target Ther. 2020; 5(1): 36. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-0126-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng K., Liu L., Tan X., Zhang Z., Li J., Ou Y., Wang X., Yang S., Xiang R., Sun P. WIP1 promotes cancer stem cell properties by inhibiting p38 MAPK in NSCLC. Sig Transduct Target Ther. 2020; 5(1): 36. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-0126-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eren M.K., Kartal N.B., Pilevneli H. Oncogenic WIP1 phosphatase attenuates the DNAdamage response and sensitizes p53 mutant Jurkat cells to apoptosis. Oncol Lett. 2021; 21(6): 479. doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.12740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eren M.K., Kartal N.B., Pilevneli H. Oncogenic WIP1 phosphatase attenuates the DNAdamage response and sensitizes p53 mutant Jurkat cells to apoptosis. Oncol Lett. 2021; 21(6): 479. doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.12740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goloudina A.R., Tanoue K., Hammann A., Fourmaux E., Le Guezennec X., Bulavin D.V., Mazur S.J., Appella E., Garrido C., Demidov O.N. Wip1 promotes RUNX2-dependent apoptosis in p53-negative tumors and protects normal tissues during treatment with anticancer agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012; 109(2): E68–75. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107017108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goloudina A.R., Tanoue K., Hammann A., Fourmaux E., Le Guezennec X., Bulavin D.V., Mazur S.J., Appella E., Garrido C., Demidov O.N. Wip1 promotes RUNX2-dependent apoptosis in p53-negative tumors and protects normal tissues during treatment with anticancer agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012; 109(2): E68–75. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107017108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilmartin A.G., Faitg T.H., Richter M., Groy A., Seefeld M.A., Darcy M.G., Peng X., Federowicz K., Yang J., Zhang S.Y., Minthorn E., Jaworski J.P., Schaber M., Martens S., McNulty D.E., Sinnamon R.H., Zhang H., Kirkpatrick R.B., Nevins N., Cui G., Pietrak B., Diaz E., Jones A., Brandt M., Schwartz B., Heerding D.A., Kumar R. Allosteric Wip1 phosphatase inhibition through flap-subdomain interaction. Nat Chem Biol. 2014; 10(3): 181–87. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilmartin A.G., Faitg T.H., Richter M., Groy A., Seefeld M.A., Darcy M.G., Peng X., Federowicz K., Yang J., Zhang S.Y., Minthorn E., Jaworski J.P., Schaber M., Martens S., McNulty D.E., Sinnamon R.H., Zhang H., Kirkpatrick R.B., Nevins N., Cui G., Pietrak B., Diaz E., Jones A., Brandt M., Schwartz B., Heerding D.A., Kumar R. Allosteric Wip1 phosphatase inhibition through flap-subdomain interaction. Nat Chem Biol. 2014; 10(3): 181–87. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu G., Hu X., Sun B., Yang T., Shi J., Zhang L., Zhao Y. Phosphatase Wip1 negatively regulates neutrophil development through p38 MAPK-STAT1. Blood. 2013; 121(3): 519–29. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432674.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu G., Hu X., Sun B., Yang T., Shi J., Zhang L., Zhao Y. Phosphatase Wip1 negatively regulates neutrophil development through p38 MAPK-STAT1. Blood. 2013; 121(3): 519–29. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432674.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juliusson G., Lazarevic V., Hörstedt A.S., Hagberg O., Höglund M., Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry Group. Acute myeloid leukemia in the real world: why population-based registries are needed. Blood. 2012; 119(17): 3890–99. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-379008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juliusson G., Lazarevic V., Hörstedt A.S., Hagberg O., Höglund M., Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry Group. Acute myeloid leukemia in the real world: why population-based registries are needed. Blood. 2012; 119(17): 3890–99. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-379008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
