oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2026-25-3-110-126oncotomsk-4327Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОбзор онколитических вирусных препаратов: клинический опыт и перспективные разработкиDevelopment of oncolytic viral therapies: clinical experience and emerging candidates. A reviewhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-8655-9220КоваленкоВ. С.KovalenkoV. S.

Коваленко Вероника Сергеевна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной онкологии и испытания фармакологических средств, ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»; младший научный сотрудник, ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук

Researcher ID (WOS): PSL-7613-2026.

Veronika S. Kovalenko, Postgraduate, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacological Testing Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine; Junior Researcher, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Researcher ID (WOS): PSL-7613-2026.

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060; 8, Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090

kovalenkovs.00@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-3622АдаменкоЛ. С.AdamenkoL. S.

Адаменко Любовь Сергеевна, научный сотрудник, лаборатории экспериментальной онкологии и испытания фармакологических средств, ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»; младший научный сотрудник, ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук 

Researcher ID (WOS): LQK-2448-2024.Author ID (Scopus): 57200964621.

 

Lyubov S. Adamenko, Research Scientist, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacological Testing, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine; Junior Researcher, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Researcher ID (WOS): LQK-2448-2024. Author ID (Scopus): 57200964621.

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060; 8, Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-0073ГлущенкоA. B.GlushchenkoA. V.

Глущенко Александра Владимировна, кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной онкологии и испытания фармакологических средств 

Researcher ID (WOS): HKW-5838-2023. Author ID (Scopus): 55791093900.

Alexandra V. Glushchenko, PhD, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacological Testing, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine

Researcher ID (WOS): HKW-5838-2023. Author ID (Scopus): 55791093900.

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3441-0388ТрашковА. П.TrashkovA. P.

Трашков Александр Петрович, кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель руководителя по научной работе Курчатовского комплекса НБИКС-природоподобных технологий

Researcher ID (WOS): MTE-1465-2025. Author ID (Scopus): 56146528000.

Aleksandr P. Trashkov, MD, PhD, Deputy Head of the Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Nature-Like Technologies, Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Researcher ID (WOS): MTE-1465-2025. Author ID (Scopus): 56146528000. 

1, akademik Kurchatov square, Moscow, 123182

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-0620ШестопаловА. М.ShestopalovA. M.

Шестопалов Александр Михайлович, доктор биологических наук, профессор

Researcher ID (WOS): C-7700-2011. Author ID (Scopus): 35568294500. 

Aleksandr M. Shestopalov, DSc, Professor, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine

Researcher ID (WOS): C-7700-2011. Author ID (Scopus): 35568294500.

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-413XВоеводаМ. И.VoevodaM. I.

Воевода Михаил Иванович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор

Researcher ID (WOS): N-6713-2015. Author ID (Scopus): 57195959148.

Mikhail I. Voevoda, MD, DSc, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine

Researcher ID (WOS): N-6713-2015. Author ID (Scopus): 57195959148.

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»РоссияFederal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational MedicineRussian FederationНИЦ «Курчатовский институт»РоссияResearch Center “Kurchatov Institute”Russian Federation202611072026253110126Copyright © Коваленко В.С., Адаменко Л.С., Глущенко A.B., Трашков А.П., Шестопалов А.М., Воевода М.И., 20262026Коваленко В.С., Адаменко Л.С., Глущенко A.B., Трашков А.П., Шестопалов А.М., Воевода М.И.Kovalenko V.S., Adamenko L.S., Glushchenko A.V., Trashkov A.P., Shestopalov A.M., Voevoda M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/4327

Цель исследования – проанализировать современное состояние разработки онколитических вирусных препаратов, зарегистрированных и находящихся на различных стадиях клинических и доклинических исследований, а также выявить основные тенденции в области вирусной онкотерапии по данным литературы на 2025 год.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Поиск литературы проводился в базах Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library и РИНЦ за период 2017–2025 гг. Дополнительно включены отдельные более ранние работы (1990–2000-е гг.), имеющие ключевое значение для становления концепции онколитической вирусотерапии и разработки первых клинических кандидатов.

Результаты

Результаты. Анализ показал, что на 2025 г. зарегистрировано 4 онколитических вирусных препарата: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC, Imlygic®), Teserpaturev (G47A, Delytact®), Oncorine (H101) и Rigvir. Механизм их действия основан на избирательной репликации в опухолевых клетках с последующим лизисом, а также на активации врожденного и адаптивного иммунного ответа. Проводятся клинические испытания препаратов на основе аденовирусов (CG0070, DNX-2401, ONCOS-102), вируса вакцинии (Pexa-Vec), вируса простого герпеса (Seprehvir) и других платформ. Особое внимание уделяется вирусу болезни Ньюкасла (штаммы MTH-68/H, PV701, NDV-HUJ и др.), вирусу кори, вирусу Сендай, вирусу везикулярного стоматита и коксакивирусу А21. Перспективным направлением являются генетические модификации вирусов (удаление генов вирулентности, экспрессия иммуномодуляторов), использование диких штаммов, а также комбинированные подходы с иммунотерапией и клеточными технологиями.

Заключение

Заключение. Онколитическая вирусотерапия в настоящее время проходит этап интеграции в клиническую практику. Основные тенденции включают персонализацию терапии, развитие комбинированных схем лечения и активное применение методов редактирования генома. Перспективным направлением остается дальнейшее изучение диких штаммов вирусов как источника новых онколитических агентов.

Objective

Objective. This review summarizes the current state of development of oncolytic virus-based therapeutics, including already approved agents, candidates in clinical and preclinical trials, and emerging trends in oncolytic virotherapy as of 2025.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. A systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) covering the period from 1990 to 2025. The review includes peer-reviewed publications indexed in Web of Science and Scopus as well as clinical trial reports (phases I–III ).

Results

Results. By 2025, four oncolytic virus products have been approved for clinical use: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC, Imlygic®), Teserpaturev (G47Δ, Delytact®), Oncorine (H101), and Rigvir. Their therapeutic effect is mediated by selective replication in tumor cells followed by cell lysis, combined with the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses. Ongoing clinical trials investigate additional candidates, including adenovirus-based therapies (CG0070, DN X-2401, ONCOS-102), vaccinia virus (Pexa-Vec), and modified herpes simplex viruses (Seprehvir). Novel research efforts also focus on Newcastle disease virus (ND V; strains MTH-68/H, PV701, ND V-HUJ), measles virus, Sendai virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and coxsackievirus A21. Advances in genetic engineering, such as deletion of virulence genes, insertion of immune-modulatory transgenes, and the use of genome editing tools have enhanced the selectivity and safety of viral constructs. In addition, the exploration of wild-type strains as potential oncolytic agents is emerging as a promising field.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Oncolytic virotherapy is transitioning into an established component of cancer treatment. Major trends include the personalization of therapy, integration with immune checkpoint inhibitors and cell-based strategies, and the application of advanced genome editing technologies. The investigation of wild-type viral strains remains an important future direction for identifying novel oncolytic agents.

онколитические вирусыонколитическая вирусотерапияклинические испытаниявирус болезни Ньюкаславирус простого герпесавирус вакцинииаденовирусгенетическая инженерияoncolytic virusesoncolytic virotherapyclinical trialsNewcastle disease virusherpes simplex virusvaccinia virusadenovirusgenetic engineeringРабота выполнена при поддержке гранта «Создание актуальной коллекции современных вирусов болезни Ньюкасла (ВБН) для разработки иммунологических биопрепаратов» (РНФ № 24-24-00367).This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), grant No. 24-24-00367, “Establishment of a relevant collection of contemporary Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains for the development of immunobiological preparations”.ReferencesWorld Health Organization. Global cancer burden growing, amidst mounting need for services [Internet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 Feb 1 [cited 27.01.2025. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.