oncotomskСибирский онкологический журналSiberian journal of oncology1814-48612312-3168Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-2-49-59oncotomsk-715Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭКЗОСОМЫ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОГО ФЕНОТИПА ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ КЛЕТОКEXOSOMES AND DEVELOPMENT OF TUMOR CELL RESISTANT PHENOTYPEКрасильниковМ. А.KrasilnikovM. A.

доктор биологических наук, профессор, директор НИИ канцерогенеза, заместитель директора по научной работе ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России (г. Москва, Россия)

Author ID (Scopus): 7005790120

Professor, Director of Institute of Carcinogenesis, the Federal State Budgetary Institution «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow, Russia)

Author ID: 7005790120.

krasilnikovm@main.crc.umos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-9555ЩербаковА. М.ScherbakovA. M.

кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией онкопротеомики НИИ канцерогенеза, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России (г. Москва, Россия)

SPIN-код: 9526-0047

Author ID: 136087

Author ID (Scopus): 7003636718

PhD, Head of laboratory of Oncoproteomics, Institute of Carcinogenesis, the Federal State Budgetary Institution «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow, Russia)

Author ID: 7003636718

alex.scherbakov@gmail.comСеминаС. Е.SeminaS. E.

кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник НИИ канцерогенеза, ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России (г. Москва, Россия) s.e.semina@gmail.com.

Author ID (Scopus): 55919370200

PhD, Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Carcinogenesis, the Federal State Budgetary Institution «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow, Russia)

Author ID: 55919370200

s.e.semina@gmail.comНИИ канцерогенеза ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, г. МоскваРоссияInstitute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, MoscowRussian Federation2018070520181724959Copyright © Красильников М.А., Щербаков А.М., Семина С.Е., 20182018Красильников М.А., Щербаков А.М., Семина С.Е.Krasilnikov M.A., Scherbakov A.M., Semina S.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/715

Экзосомы представляют собой микровезикулы размером 30–100 нм, продуцируемые клетками в окружающую среду и содержащие целый спектр биологически активных молекул, включая различные типы РНК, ДНК, белков и липидов. Ключевой особенностью экзосом является их способность проникать внутрь клеток-реципиентов, вызывая каскад изменений на геномном (за счет интеграции ДНК) и эпигеномном (за счет изменения экспрессии/содержания белков, микроРНК и др.) уровнях. В обзоре рассматриваются современные представления о структуре и механизме действия экзосом, продуци- руемых опухолевыми клетками, и их роли в опухолевой прогрессии и формировании опухолеподобного фенотипа клеток. Особое внимание уделяется вопросу о значении экзосом в развитии резистентности опухолей к терапевтическим воздействиям, в том числе лекарственной устойчивости, резистентности к облучению, гормональной резистентности. Заключительная часть обзора посвящена диагностическим возможностям определения экзосом и перспективам их использования в клинической практике.

Exosomes are 30–100 nm-sized microvesicles that are generated in the cells and released into the extracellular space. Exosomes carry the various bioactive molecules including different types of RNA (miR, lncRNA, mRNA), DNA, proteins, lipids etc. The main exosomes property is the ability to incorporate into the recipient cells resulting in the cascade of both genomic changes (caused by the integration of exosomal DNA) and nongenomic changes (caused by the modulation of the expression or content of the proteins, microRNA etc.). In this review, we discuss the modern conception concerned with the structure and mechanism of the action of tumor exosomes and their role in the tumor progression and formation of tumor-like phenotype in the cells. Specially, the role of the exosomes in the tumor resistance including drug resistance, irradiation resistance and hormone independency was considered. Finally, the diagnostic potential of exosome analysis and its perspectives in the clinical practice were discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.