<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-4-30-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-812</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УСЛОВИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ПОДАВЛЕНИЯ ПЦР С ПОМОЩЬЮ LNA-ОЛИГОНУКЛЕОТИДОВ ДЛЯ ПРОСТОЙ И ВЫСОКОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕТЕКЦИИ СОМАТИЧЕСКИХ МУТАЦИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFICIENT PCR CLAMPING BY LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID OLIGONUCLEOTIES FOR SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE DETECTION OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новоcибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</p><p>SPIN-код: 5669-0201. AuthorID: 477135</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Federal Research Center of  Fundamental and Translational Medicine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.shamanin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новоcибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>лаборант, Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>laboratory assistant, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karp_na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisareva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новоcибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</p><p>SPIN-код: 7151-5842. AuthorID: 795623</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katerina.pisareva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуткина</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutkina</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новоcибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Федеральный исследовательскийцентр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</p><p>SPIN-код: 6170-9570. AuthorID: 98026</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gutkina.nadezhda@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новоcибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>Россия, 630117, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p><p>доктор биологических наук, руководитель лаборатории, Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</p><p>SPIN-код: 2272-6747. AuthorID: 92420</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>2, Timakova Street, 630117-Novosibirsk, Russia</p><p>DSc, Head of Laboratory, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sp_kovalenko@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»&#13;
&#13;
ООО «БиоЛинк»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine&#13;
&#13;
Biolink Ltd<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаманин В.А., Карпов И.В., Писарева Е.Е., Гуткина Н.И., Коваленко С.П., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаманин В.А., Карпов И.В., Писарева Е.Е., Гуткина Н.И., Коваленко С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamanin V.A., Karpov I.V., Pisareva E.E., Gutkina N.I., Kovalenko S.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/812">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/812</self-uri><abstract><p>Специфическое блокирование амплификации аллеля дикого типа в ПЦР с помощью олигонуклеотидов, модифицированных по остатку рибозы (закрытые нуклеиновые кислоты, locked nucleic acids, LNA), используется для высокочувствительной детекции соматических мутаций в опухолях. Описаны различные версии метода анализа мутаций с использованием LNA-олигонуклеотидов как с дополнительной модификацией фосфотиоатными группами, так и без таких групп, при этом использовались  различные ДНК полимеразы. В работе проведен анализ оптимальных условий для успешного специфического блокирования ПЦР с помощью LNA-олигонуклеотидов при анализе мутаций в генах KRAS и  BRAF. Мы обнаружили, что фосфотиоатная защита на 5’-конце олигонуклеотидов не влияет на эффективность блокирования аллеля дикого типа. Выявлено, что для большинства последовательностей  эффективное блокирование наблюдается при проведении шага отжига и элонгации ПЦР при температуре на  20–25°С ниже температуры плавления LNA-олигонуклеотида. При таких условиях реакции возможна простая и высокочувствительная детекция мутаций в генах KRAS и BRAF с использованием как секвенирования по Сэнгеру, так и ПЦР в реальном времени с Taqman зондами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>PCR clamping/wild-type blocking PCR with non-extendable locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides is used for sensitive detection of somatic mutations in tumors. Various  versions of the technique use different DNA polymerases and LNA oligonucleotides with and  without additional phosphorothioate modifications. Here we studied requirements for successful  PCR clamping with LNA oligonucleotides and Taq DNA polymerase for analysis of mutations in  KRAS and BRAF genes by means of real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing. We found that  addition of phosphorothioate linkages at the 5’-end of LNA oligonucleotide to protect from 5’- exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase did not improve clamping. For most target  sequences, efficient clamping was observed at melting temperature of LNA oligonucleotide  20‑25°C above annealing/extension temperature of the PCR with a 2-step protocol. Under such  conditions, simple and sensitive detection of mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes was feasible using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes or Sanger sequencing.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>запертая нуклеиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>зажим PCR</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>ДНК-полимераза Taq</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>locked nucleic acid</kwd><kwd>PCR clamp</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>Taq DNA polymerase.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dominguez P.L., Kolodney M.S. Wild-type blocking polymerase chain reaction for detection of single nucleotide minority mutations from clinical specimens. Oncogene. 2005 Oct 13; 24(45): 6830–4. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208832.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dominguez P.L., Kolodney M.S. Wild-type blocking polymerase chain reaction for detection of single nucleotide minority mutations from clinical specimens. Oncogene. 2005 Oct 13; 24(45): 6830–4. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidon P., Heimann P., Lambert F., Dessars B., Robin V., El Housni H. Combined locked nucleic acid and molecular beacon technologies for sensitive detection of the JAK2V617F somatic single-base sequence variant. Clin Chem. 2006; 52(7): 1436– 1438. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.066886.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidon P., Heimann P., Lambert F., Dessars B., Robin V., El Housni H. Combined locked nucleic acid and molecular beacon technologies for sensitive detection of the JAK2V617F somatic single-base sequence variant. Clin Chem. 2006; 52(7): 1436– 1438. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.066886.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiede C., Creutzig E., Illmer T., Schaich M., Heise V., Ehninger G., Landt O. Rapid and sensitive typing of NPM1 mutations using LNAmediated PCR clamping. Leukemia. 2006; 20(10): 1897–1899. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiede C., Creutzig E., Illmer T., Schaich M., Heise V., Ehninger G., Landt O. Rapid and sensitive typing of NPM1 mutations using LNAmediated PCR clamping. Leukemia. 2006; 20(10): 1897–1899. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arcila M., Lau C., Nafa K., Ladanyi M. Detection of KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal carcinoma roles for high-sensitivity locked nucleic acid-PCR sequencing and broad-spectrum mass spectrometry genotyping. J Mol Diagn. 2011 Jan; 13(1): 64–73. doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2010.11.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arcila M., Lau C., Nafa K., Ladanyi M. Detection of KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal carcinoma roles for high-sensitivity locked nucleic acid-PCR sequencing and broad-spectrum mass spectrometry genotyping. J Mol Diagn. 2011 Jan; 13(1): 64–73. doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2010.11.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koshkin A.A., Singh S.K., Nielsen P., Rajwanshi V.K., Kumar R., Meldgaard M., Wengel J. LNA (Locked Nucleic Acids): Synthesis of the adenine, cytosine, guanine, 5- methylcytosine, thymine and uracil bicyclonucleoside monomers, oligomerisation, and unprecedented nucleic acid recognition. Tetrahedron. 1998; 54(14): 3607–3630.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshkin A.A., Singh S.K., Nielsen P., Rajwanshi V.K., Kumar R., Meldgaard M., Wengel J. LNA (Locked Nucleic Acids): Synthesis of the adenine, cytosine, guanine, 5- methylcytosine, thymine and uracil bicyclonucleoside monomers, oligomerisation, and unprecedented nucleic acid recognition. Tetrahedron. 1998; 54(14): 3607–3630.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">You Y., Moreira B.G., Behlke M.A., Owczarzy R. Design of LNA probes that improve mismatch discrimination. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006; 34(8): e60. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">You Y., Moreira B.G., Behlke M.A., Owczarzy R. Design of LNA probes that improve mismatch discrimination. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006; 34(8): e60. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owczarzy R., You Y., Groth C.L., Tataurov A.V. Stability and mismatch discrimination of locked nucleic acid-DNA duplexes. Biochemistry. 2011; 50(43): 9352–9367. doi: 10.1021/bi200904e.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owczarzy R., You Y., Groth C.L., Tataurov A.V. Stability and mismatch discrimination of locked nucleic acid-DNA duplexes. Biochemistry. 2011; 50(43): 9352–9367. doi: 10.1021/bi200904e.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu D., Mukai M., Liu Q., Steinman C.R. Specific inhibition of PCR by non-extendable oligonucleotides using a 5’ to 3’ exonuclease-deficient DNA polymerase. Biotechniques. 1997; 23(4): 714–716, 718–720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu D., Mukai M., Liu Q., Steinman C.R. Specific inhibition of PCR by non-extendable oligonucleotides using a 5’ to 3’ exonuclease-deficient DNA polymerase. Biotechniques. 1997; 23(4): 714–716, 718–720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laughlin T.S., Becker M.W., Liesveld J.L., Mulford D.A., Abboud C.N., Brown P., Rothberg P.G. Rapid method for detection of mutations in the nucleophosmin gene in acute myeloid leukemia. J Mol Diagn. 2008 Jul; 10(4): 338–45. doi: 10.2353/jmoldx.2008.070175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laughlin T.S., Becker M.W., Liesveld J.L., Mulford D.A., Abboud C.N., Brown P., Rothberg P.G. Rapid method for detection of mutations in the nucleophosmin gene in acute myeloid leukemia. J Mol Diagn. 2008 Jul; 10(4): 338–45. doi: 10.2353/jmoldx.2008.070175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laughlin T.S., Moliterno A.R., Stein B.L., Rothberg P.G. Detection of exon 12 Mutations in the JAK2 gene: enhanced analytical sensitivity using clamped PCR and nucleotide sequencing. J Mol Diagn. 2010 May; 12(3): 278–82. doi: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laughlin T.S., Moliterno A.R., Stein B.L., Rothberg P.G. Detection of exon 12 Mutations in the JAK2 gene: enhanced analytical sensitivity using clamped PCR and nucleotide sequencing. J Mol Diagn. 2010 May; 12(3): 278–82. doi: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Q., Wang G.Y., Huang J.F., Zhang B., Fu W.L. High sensitive mutation analysis on KRAS gene using LNA/DNA chimeras as PCR amplification blockers of wild-type alleles. Mol Cell Probes. 2010; 24(6): 376–380. doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2010.07.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Q., Wang G.Y., Huang J.F., Zhang B., Fu W.L. High sensitive mutation analysis on KRAS gene using LNA/DNA chimeras as PCR amplification blockers of wild-type alleles. Mol Cell Probes. 2010; 24(6): 376–380. doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2010.07.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Exiqon [Internet]. URL: https://www.exiqon.com/oligo-tools (cited 25 June 2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Exiqon [Internet]. URL: https://www.exiqon.com/oligo-tools (cited 25 June 2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nafa K., Hameed M., Arcila M.E. Locked Nucleic Acid Probes (LNA) for Enhanced Detection of Low-Level, Clinically Significant Mutations. Methods Mol Biol. 2016; 1392: 71–82. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3360-0_8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nafa K., Hameed M., Arcila M.E. Locked Nucleic Acid Probes (LNA) for Enhanced Detection of Low-Level, Clinically Significant Mutations. Methods Mol Biol. 2016; 1392: 71–82. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3360-0_8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavlov A.R., Pavlova N.V., Kozyavkin S.A., Slesarev A.I. Cooperation between catalytic and DNA binding domains enhances thermostability and supports DNA synthesis at higher temperatures by thermostable DNA polymerases. Biochemistry. 2012 Mar 13; 51(10): 2032–43. doi: 10.1021/bi2014807.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlov A.R., Pavlova N.V., Kozyavkin S.A., Slesarev A.I. Cooperation between catalytic and DNA binding domains enhances thermostability and supports DNA synthesis at higher temperatures by thermostable DNA polymerases. Biochemistry. 2012 Mar 13; 51(10): 2032–43. doi: 10.1021/bi2014807.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OligoAnalyzer 3.1. [Internet]. URL: http://eu.idtdna.com/calc/analyzer. (cited 25 June 2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OligoAnalyzer 3.1. [Internet]. URL: http://eu.idtdna.com/calc/analyzer. (cited 25 June 2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stadler J., Eder J., Pratscher B., Brandt S., Schneller D., Müllegger R., Vogl C., Trautinger F., Brem G., Burgstaller J.P. SNPase-ARMS qPCR: Ultrasensitive Mutation- Based Detection of Cell-Free Tumor DNA in Melanoma Patients. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 12; 10(11): e0142273. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stadler J., Eder J., Pratscher B., Brandt S., Schneller D., Müllegger R., Vogl C., Trautinger F., Brem G., Burgstaller J.P. SNPase-ARMS qPCR: Ultrasensitive Mutation- Based Detection of Cell-Free Tumor DNA in Melanoma Patients. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 12; 10(11): e0142273. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
