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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-4-88-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-821</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАЗЛИЧИЕ РАКА ТОЛСТОЙ И ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ, КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗА, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ БИОЛОГИИ, ПЕРВИЧНОЙ И ВТОРИЧНОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ: ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COLON AND RECTAL CANCER ARE DIFFERENT TUMOR ENTITIES ACCORDING TO EPIDEMIOLOGY, CARCINOGENESIS, MOLECULAR- AND TUMOR BIOLOGY, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION: PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Jafarov</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jafarov</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Германия, 42283, г. Вупперталь, Heusner, 40</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>40, Heusner Street, 42283-Wuppertal, Germany</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Link</surname><given-names>K. H.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Link</surname><given-names>K. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>65197, г. Висбаден, Geisenheimerstr, 10</p><p>Германия, 89081, г. Ульм, Helmholtzstraße, 16</p><p>профессор, Клиника Асклепия Полайнен; Ульмский университет Authors ID (Scopus): 15035694200</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10, Geisenheimerstr Street, 65197-Wiesbaden, Germany</p><p>16, Helmholtzstraße, 89081-Ulm, Germany</p><p>Professor, Surgical Center and Asklepios Tumor Center, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik; Ulm University </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k-h.link@asklepios.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университетская больница Гелиос Вупперталь, Университет Виттена/Хердеке</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Surgery II, Helios Universtitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника Асклепия Полайнен&#13;
&#13;
Ульмский университет</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Surgical Center and Asklepios Tumor Center, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik&#13;
&#13;
FOGT, Ulm University</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Jafarov S., Link K.H., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Jafarov S., Link K.H.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jafarov S., Link K.H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/821">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/821</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Рак толстой и прямой кишки – разные опухоли с клинической и биологической точек зрения. В  настоящее время рак толстой и прямой кишки синонимично называют колоректальным раком. Основываясь  на нашем опыте в фундаментальных и клинических исследованиях в этой области, мы пришли к выводу, что  термин «колоректальный рак» необходимо пересмотреть, его нельзя использовать как обобщающее понятие.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Были проанализировали данные литературы и собственные результаты исследований, чтобы доказать или отклонить эту гипотезу.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены следующие очевидные различия: риск развития рака прямой кишки в 4 раза выше,  чем рака толстой кишки; молекулярный канцерогенез при раке толстой кишки отличается от рака прямой  кишки; физическая активность помогает предотвратить рак толстой кишки, но не прямой кишки;  существуют патогистологические различия между раком прямой и толстой кишки. Кроме того, имеются  значительные клинические отличия между этими злокачественными новообразованиями, такие как  различная хирургическая топография и объемы операций, разные показания для назначения  комбинированного лечения, поскольку рак прямой кишки менее чувствителен к химиотерапии, чем рак  толстой кишки, и отличаются прогностические факторы эффективности мультимодальной терапии  (например, тимидилат синтетаза и дигидропиримидин дегидрогеназа).</p></sec><sec><title>Дискуссия</title><p>Дискуссия. Рак толстой и прямой кишки определенно различаются по этиологии и формальному  канцерогенезу, эффективности первичной профилактики, связанной с физической активностью, обычной и  по параметрам молекулярной патологии. Согласно нашим данным, можно утверждать, что с доклинической  точки зрения рак толстой и прямой кишки являются двумя разными опухолями, поскольку обладают  различными репрезентативными биологическими характеристиками. Рак толстой и прямой кишки также  существенно различаются по многим клиническим признакам, что было указано в отдельной статье,  представленной нашей исследовательской группой. Заключение. Термин «колоректальный рак» не должен  использоваться в фундаментальных и клинических исследованиях, как определение единого заболевания.  Рак толстой кишки не одно и то же, что и рак прямой кишки. Злокачественные новообразования толстой  кишки могут быть разделены на рак правой и левой половины ободочной кишки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Colon and rectal cancer (CC, RC) are different entities from a clinical and tumor biological point of view. Up to now, both, CC and RC, are synonymously called  “Colorectal Cancer” (CRC). With our experience in basic and clinical research and routine  work in this field we now have come to the opinion, that the term “CRC” should definitely be questioned, and if justified, be abandoned.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials/Methods</title><p>Materials/Methods. We analyzed the actual available data from the literature and our own  results from the Ulm based study group FOGT to proof or reject our hypothesis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The following evident differences were recognized: Anatomically, the risk to  develop RC is 4× higher than for CC. Molecular changes in carcinogenesis in CC are different from RC. Physical activity helps to prevent CC, not RC. Pathologically there are differences between RC and CC. In addition, there are also major clinical differences  between CC and RC, such as in surgical topography and– procedures, multimodal treatment  (MMT) approaches (RC in MMT is less sensitive to chemotherapy than CC), and prognostic  factors for the spontaneous course and for success of MMT (e.g. TS or DPD ). Discussion. CC ´sand RC´s definitely are different in parameters of causal and formal carcinogenesis, effectivity of primary prevention by physical activity, conventional and  molecular pathology.According to our findings we can demand from the preclinical point of  view that CC and RC are two different tumor entities in terms of various representative  biological characteristics.CC and RC are also differing substantially in many clinical features, as outlined in a separate paper from our group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. “CRC” should no longer be used in basic and clinical research and other fields  of cancer classification as a single disease entity. CC is not the same as RC. CC might even be divided into right and left CC.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>рак толстой кишки</kwd><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>colon cancer</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>pre-clinical trials</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Link K.H., Kornmann M., Staib L., Redenbacher M., Kron M., Beger H.G.; Study Group Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors. Increase of survival benefit in advanced resectable colon cancer by extent of adjuvant treatment. 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