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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oncotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский онкологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian journal of oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-4861</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-3168</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk National Research Medical Сепtеr of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-6-97-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oncotomsk-909</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Натуральные киллеры в иммунотерапии онкологических заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Natural killer cels in immunotherapy for cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боробова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borobova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боробова Елена Александровна - врач клинической лабораторной диагностики, НМИЦ им. акад. Е.Н. Мешалкина, младший научный сотрудник ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор».</p><p>630055, Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, 15; Р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p><p>SPIN-код: 8705-3124</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Borobova - MD, Clinical Laboratory Scientist E.N. Meshalkin NMRC; Researcher, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector».</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya Street, 630055-Novosibirsk; Koltsovo-630559, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borobova-elena@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жеравин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheravin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жеравин Александр Александрович - кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель центра онкологии и радиотерапии.</p><p>630055, Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, 15</p><p>SPIN-код: 2858-7175</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Zheravin - MD, PhD, Head of Oncology and Radiotherapy Department.</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya Street, 630055-Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_zheravin@meshalkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. академика Е.Н. Мешалкина; Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center; Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. академика Е.Н. Мешалкина<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боробова Е.А., Жеравин А.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боробова Е.А., Жеравин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borobova E.A., Zheravin A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/909">https://www.siboncoj.ru/jour/article/view/909</self-uri><abstract><p>Злокачественные новообразования находятся на втором месте среди причин смертности после заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы. Поздняя диагностика и низкая эффективность классических методов терапии являются причиной снижения общей выживаемости онкологических пациентов. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в разработке современных методов, позволяющих эффективно бороться с опухолевыми клетками. За последние десятилетия в лечении онкологических заболеваний были достигнуты впечатляющие успехи, обусловленные созданием препаратов таргетной терапии. Кроме того, минувший год ознаменовался введением в клиническую практику двух препаратов на основе CAR-T-лимфоцитов, предназначенных для лечения гематологических опухолей. Это, в свою очередь, послужило причиной для увеличения интереса ученых к такому направлению, как адоптивная иммунотерапия. Весьма привлекательным в этом отношении является подход с использованием клеток врожденного иммунитета, а именно натуральных киллеров, играющих ключевую роль в противоопухолевом иммунитете. В обзоре описаны природные свойства и функции натуральных киллеров, а также проанализированы основные стратегии лечения злокачественных заболеваний с использованием НК-клеток.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide behind cardiovascular diseases. Late stage of cancer at diagnosis and low efficacy of traditional cancer treatments result in low survival rate in cancer patients. Modern techniques to kill tumor cells are therefore needed. Over the last decade novel anticancer treatments have emerged from advances in our understanding of tumor cell biology, and a number of molecular and biologic targets have been identified. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy is a novel adoptive immunotherapy, which is used predominantly in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Moreover, it has been evidenced that cells of the innate immune system are key players at initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. Studies focusing on innate immune cells for cancer immunotherapy show promising results. In this review, we describe functions of natural killer cells and analyze the rationale for using natural killer cells in cancer therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>натуральные киллеры</kwd><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>химерный антигенный рецептор</kwd><kwd>клетки NK-92</kwd><kwd>аЗкЦ</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевая активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>natural killer cells</kwd><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>chimeric antigen receptor</kwd><kwd>NK-92 cells</kwd><kwd>adCC</kwd><kwd>antitumor activity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Петрова Г.В. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2016 году. 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