Возможности жидкостной биопсии в диагностике и мониторинге цервикального рака

Введение. Рак шейки матки (РШМ) является одним из самых распространенных онкологических заболеваний среди женщин репродуктивного и трудоспособного возраста. Цитологический скрининг не всегда эффективен по ряду причин, поэтому актуальным является поиск новых предиктивных маркеров малигнизации цервикального эпителия. В качестве новой опции с позиции персонализированного под-хода в диагностике и мониторинге РШМ в настоявшее время рассматривается жидкостная биопсия. Это совокупность методик по определению дериватов опухоли в биологических средах, чаще всего в крови: циркулирующие опухолевые клетки, циркулирующие ДНК, РНК, экзосомы и др.

Цель исследования – анализ данных о возможности использования жидкостной биопсии в диагностике и мониторинге цервикального рака.

Материал и методы. Источники литературы по теме исследования, найденные в системах pubmed и Elibrary за последние 10 лет.

Результаты. Наиболее изученными неинвазивными биомаркерами РШМ являются циркулирующие опухолевые клетки, циркулирующая опухолевая ДНК, РНК и экзосомы, которые играют ключевую роль в цервикальном канцерогенезе, отражают химио- и радиочувствительность опухолевых клеток, наряду с уже известными клинико-морфологическими прогностическими критериями определяют прогноз РШМ. В настоящее время жидкостная биопсия рассматривается как перспективный современный метод диагностики и мониторинга течения РШМ. Диагностическая ценность этого метода исследования заключается в возможности прогнозирования течения РШМ и определения чувствительности к специализированным видам лечения. Учитывая её большой диагностический потенциал, не исключается возможность использования жидкостной биопсии в качестве скринирующей методики РШМ. Однако подобного рода утверждения требуют пр-должения исследований в этом направлении. Кроме того, учитывая появляющиеся новые сведения о молекулярном канцерогенезе РШМ, жидкостная биопсия может быть использована и как основа для разработки таргетной терапии местнораспространенного и генерализованного цервикального рака.

Выводы. Имеющиеся данные указывают на потенциальную возможность использования жидкостной биопсии как метода неинвазивного мониторинга течения РШМ.

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