Иммунотерапия в комплексном лечении опухолевых заболеваний

Цель исследования – проанализировать базу научной литературы с целью выявления и анализа возможностей противоопухолевой иммунотерапии, направленной на усиление способности иммунной системы противостоять развитию опухоли и(или) ослабление способности опухоли поддерживать свой рост.

Материал и методы. Проведен поиск доступных литературных источников, опубликованных в базе данных Medline, Pubmed и др. Было найдено 215 источников, посвященных изучению формирования противоопухолевых механизмов и возможности их модуляции, из которых 57 были включены в данный обзор.

Результаты. Обзор посвящен анализу литературы по супрессии опухолевого роста путем модуляции воспаления, коррекции концентрации факторов и ферментов, ингибирования формирования иммуносупрессорных клеток, усиления антительной цитотоксичности, стимуляции клеточной цитотоксичности. Оценены возможности противоопухолевой вакцинации.

Заключение. Установлено, что разные иммунотерапевтические агенты могут усиливать противоопухолевое действие друг друга. На ранних стадиях болезни иммунотерапия может элиминировать опухолевые клетки, оставшиеся в организме после хирургического удаления первичной опухоли. На поздних стадиях заболевания комбинированное лечение, включающее в себя традиционное циторедуктивное и иммунотерапевтическое лечение, должно быть направлено на остановку или торможение развития болезни. Прогноз течения заболевания можно оценивать по воспалительной шкале, основанной на определении 3 параметров крови: содержания С-реактивного белка, лактат-дегидрогеназы и нейтрофил-лимфоцитарного соотношения.

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