РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫЙ РАК ГОРТАНИ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Актуальность. Плоскоклеточная карцинома гортани остается самым распространенным злокачественным новообразованием области головы и шеи во многих западных странах. По данным мировой литературы, ежегодно в мире регистрируется 238 000 случаев рака гортани и 106 000 летальных исходов от этого заболевания. Гортань играет ключевую роль для таких важных функций организма, как дыхание, голосообразование, защита дыхательных путей и глотание. Таким образом, цель лечения рака гортани – обеспечить максимально возможный контроль над прогрессированием онкологического заболевания с одновременной оптимизацией функциональных результатов.

Целью исследования является обзор хирургических и нехирургических вариантов лечения поздних стадий рака гортани, а также доказательств, подтверждающих эффективность каждого из них, включая онкологические результаты (общая выживаемость, безрецидивная выживаемость, локальный контроль над болезнью, функциональные результаты и связанное с ним качество жизни).

Материал и методы. Поиск литературы осуществлялся в поисковых системах Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary, включались исследования с 1987 по 2016 г.

Выводы. Парадигма лечения последних стадий рака гортани перешла от оперативного вмешательства (тотальной ларингэктомии) в качестве золотого стандарта лечения к нехирургическому органосохраняющему лечению с использованием лучевой терапии или химиолучевой терапии. Однако возникли опасения относительно функциональных результатов после химиолучевой терапии, а также возможного снижения общей выживаемости у пациентов с раком гортани.

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