Наследственные злокачественные опухоли яичника

Введение. Наследственные дефекты генов – достоверный фактор риска злокачественной трансформации клеток и развития онкологических заболеваний. На долю наследственных форм приходится 15–25 % всех случаев карцином яичника. Цель исследования – обобщить имеющиеся данные о наследственных злокачественных опухолях яичников: ассоциированных генетических дефектах, особенностях клинического течения, лечения и профилактических мероприятий. Материал и методы. Поиск литературных источников выполнялся в базах PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, включались публикации с 1999 по 2021 г. Результаты. Описаны основные генетические дефекты и ассоциированные с ними опухолевые синдромы, предрасполагающие к развитию наследственных злокачественных опухолей яичника. Представлены особенности клинического течения и чувствительность к лекарственной терапии. Обобщены рекомендации профессиональных сообществ: Национальной онкологической сети США (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN), Американского общества клинической онкологии (American Society Of Clinical Oncology, ASCO), Рабочей группы по профилактике заболеваний в США (The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force), Европейского общества медицинской онкологии (European Society For Medical Oncology, ESMO), направленные на раннее выявление новообразований, и представлен комплекс профилактических мер для предотвращения развития злокачественных опухолей яичника у носителей герминальных мутаций. Заключение. Выявление наследственных опухолевых синдромов имеет важное значение для пациентов и их семей. Своевременное определение предрасположенности к развитию злокачественных опухолей позволяет оптимизировать программы скрининга и профилактики онкологических заболеваний.

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