Эпигенетические нарушения и нейроэндокринная дифференцировка при раке предстательной железы

Актуальность. Эпигенетические аберрации при раке предстательной железы (РПЖ) в отличие от генетических изменений могут быть обращены вспять под воздействием химического агента. Этот факт делает изучение эпигенетических изменений важным объектом в качестве потенциальных терапевтических мишеней. Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты поиска по научным базам данных PubMed, Medline, по научной электронной библиотеке eLibrary.ru по следующим запросам – ключевым словам: epigenetics prostate cancer (эпигенетика при раке предстательной железы), lineage plasticity (линейная пластичность), neuroendocrine differentiation (нейроэндокринная дифференцировка). Для данного обзора литературы подобраны 84 актуальные публикации зарубежных и отечественных авторов. В обзор включены исследования за период с 1982 по 2024 г. Результаты. Наиболее изученными эпигенетическими мутациями являются гипо- и гиперметилирование ДНК, вариативность гистонов (метилирование и ацетилирование), нейроэндокринная дифференцировка. Заключение. Изучение геномного ландшафта способно раскрыть новые возможности для улучшения диагностики и терапии такого летального заболевания, как кастрационно-резистентный РПЖ. Важен не только поиск новых биомаркеров для выявления генетических нарушений, но и изучение оптимальной терапии распространенного РПЖ.

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