Oncolytic viruses as promising agents for treating glioblastoma

Background. Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive, difficult-to-treat brain cancer with a poor prognosis, high mortality, and a significant impact on quality of life. Despite decades of research, standard treatments can extend life, but do not cure the disease, making it a focus for new research in neuro-oncology, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and personalized medicine. The disease affects people of working age (with peak incidence between 45 and 70 years of age), causing damage to families and society. High costs of treatment and palliative care exacerbate the problem. the purpose of the study was to summarize data on modern approaches to the treatment of glioblastoma and to analyze efficacy and side effects of oncolytic virus therapy.

Material and Methods. The literature review of studies published over the past 10 years was conducted using PubMed, eLIBRARY, Springer, Google Scholar, etc. databases.

Results. Modern glioma therapy uses a multidisciplinary approach combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Oncolytic virotherapy for brain glioma is a promising field because it uses viruses to selectively target to cancer cells while also stimulating an immune response against the tumor. Current research confirms that oncolytic therapy is effective against a variety of tumors including those that are resistant to traditional treatments. Clinical studies show that virotherapy can be a safe treatment because viruses are often engineered to be selective for cancer cells like glioma, minimizing damage to healthy tissue, although questions remain about optimizing dosage and overcoming the immune response.

Conclusion. Oncolytic virotherapy is a highly promising approach for the treatment of glioblastoma. Oncolytic viruses are currently in various stages of research, and have promise in animal models, with the potential to lead to new personalized treatments for solid tumors. 

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