Противораковые мРНК-вакцины на основе неоантигенов

Цель исследования - обобщение имеющихся данных о клинических испытаниях вакцин, основанных на мРНК, кодирующих неоантигены. Материал и методы. Поиск опубликованных с января 2013 г. по май 2024 г. данных проводился на сайтах https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov и https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ по ключевым словам «neoantigen» и «vaccine», а затем отбиралась информация о препаратах на основе мРНК. Из 148 найденных исследований 54 было отобрано для написания систематического обзора. Результаты. Библиометрический анализ данных в области терапевтических противораковых вакцин за 2013-24 гг. показал, что большая часть исследований посвящена мРНК-вакцинам, кодирующим неоантигены. В обзоре представлены краткое описание мРНК-платформы и обзор клинических испытаний противораковых мРНК-вакцин, проходивших в период с 2013 по 2024 г. Рассматриваются препараты ведущих биотехнологических фирм Европы и США, занимающихся разработкой противораковых мРНК-вакцин, таких как Цевумеран (BioNTech), mRNA-4157/V940 (Moderna), а также вакцин компаний КНР - Stemirna Therapeutics, NeoCura, Hangzhou Neoantigen Therapeutics и др. Заключение. Использование технологии создания вакцин на основе мРНК, кодирующих опухолевые неоантигены, способно в значительной степени повысить потенциал противоопухолевой иммунотерапии.

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