Hormonal and energetic status was studied in 168 patients with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. The comparative analysis of hormonal status (LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin, SHBG), energetic status (leptin, grelin, insulin) and the assessment of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms were carried out for patients with proliferative processes in the endometrium with the evidence of metabolic syndrome and without it. The study showed that the changes in hormonal status were characterized by a high frequency of disturbances with development of hyperestrogenemia (72 %), hypertestosteronemia (65 %), hyperinsulinemia (81 %) and hyperleptinemia (68 %). Moreover, the LH level and LH/FSH index were increased and FSH and progerterone levels were decreased. Significant changes in both carbohydrate (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance) and lipid (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia) metabolisms were revealed. The mechanisms of hormonal correlations that underlie pathological endometrial process were described.

Currently, the methods of delivering high local doses of chemotherapy to locally-advanced tumors of the extremities, while avoiding systemic toxicity, are actively investigated. Isolated regional limb chemoperfusion is one of these methods. From 2004 to 2014, a total of 70 patients underwent isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for locally-advanced soft tissue sarcoma and transit metastases of extremity melanoma. Complications of ILP, causes of their occurrence and preventive measures were analyzed.

Purpose. To estimate the possibility of trimethylhydrasine propionate using for prevention of acute doxorubicin-induced cariotoxicity in breast cancer patients. Material and methods. The study included 72 women (mean age – 51 ± 2.1 years) with breast cancer without significant pathology of the cardiovascular system. Main group consisted of 32 patients (mean age – 52 ± 2.2 years), which were injected intravenously trimethylhydrasine propionate 1000 mg 1 times/day for three days prior to chemotherapy. 40 patients of the control group (mean age – 50 ± 2.5 years) did not receive of cardioprotective therapy before chemotherapy. For the cancer treatment of these patients used doxorubicin in dose of 50 mg/m2  per course in combination with various drugs. All patients were studied by GATE SPECT before starting chemotherapy and at 1 hour after the first administration of doxorubicin. Results. Before the start of chemotherapy, none of the patients showed perfusion defects and contractility disorders. Baselines left ventricular contractility in control group and in main group was not different. After doxorubicin administration in the control group there was a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) – from 65.5 ± 9.8 % to 61.8 ± 7.2 % (p<0.05), increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume – from 30.8 ± 16.7 ml to 34.2 ± 17.0 ml (p<0.05), reduction in the peak ejection rate – from 3.2 ± 0.8 EDV/s to 2.4 ± 0.5 EDV/s (p<0.05). In the main group after first course of chemotherapy statistically significant changes of left ventricular contractile function were not found. After administration of doxorubicin was found that 31 % patients of main group and 40 % patients of control group had a considerable (10% or more) reduction in LVEF.

The data of 50 patients treated with chemo-radiotherapy treatment for metastatic lesions of the axial skeleton. The proposed technique MRI ADC «dual construct» can more accurately assess the early results of treatment.

Based on the fact that the parameters of the linear-quadratic model for neutron therapy were found, the comparison of single therapeutic doses in neutron therapy, calculated using the TDF (time-dose-fractionation) and linear-quadratic (LQ) models were carried out. The calculation results were shown to be in good agreement. We also compared the degree of discrepancy in results calculated using the TDF and LQ models between neutron therapy and gamma therapy. It was shown that the use of the linear-quadratic model designed for neutron therapy is capable of providing adequate control for radiation-induced tissue reactions.

New and original values (coefficient of phosphorylation and coefficient of intracellular distribution) proposed. They are reflecting a functional state of the heat shock protein 27 kDa (Hsp27) in tumor cells of breast cancer. These coefficients are more clearly reflect the functional state of Hsp27, than classical evaluation of chaperone expression only in the cytoplasm. It has been shown that in tumors with high expression of receptor Her2/neu on the membrane in the absence of gene amplification cerb2/neu (Her2/neu (3+) FISH (-)) there are low coefficients of phosphorylation and intracellular distribution as compared with Her2/neu-positive (Her2/neu (2+/3+) FISH (+)) and Her2/neu-negative tumors (Her2/neu (0/1+) FISH (-)). The possible molecular mechanisms of the phenomenon of dissonance cerb2 / neu gene amplification and receptor Her2/neu expression on the membrane of tumor cells breast cancer are discussing.

Currently, cellular immunity can be estimated using the cluster of differentiation antigens or CD-markers. The panel of CD-markers including 6-8 parameters is usually used for assessment of cellular immunity. In our study we assessed not only subpopulations of T-, B-, NK-, NKT-lymphocytes, but also expression of activation markers (HLA-DR, CD25, CD38, CD69, CD314) using flow cytometry. The increase in the relative and absolute numbers of Treg-lymphocytes and NK-cells as well as the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor on CD25 lymphocytes was observed in 20 patients with disseminated gastric and colorectal cancer. The percentage of CD25+ -cells and Treg-lymphocytes was also incresaed in 30 patients with skin melanoma. By comparing the expression of lymphocyte activation markers in the two groups of patients, it was shown that patients with gastric and colorectal cancer had the increased percentage of activated CD314+ , CD69+  NK-cells and patients with skin melanoma had the elevated level of activated CD95+  and CD38+ T-lymphocytes. This panel of markers can be used for monitoring immune response to immunotherapy for cancer.

The study included 58 patients with stage Т1–3N0–3M0–1 squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. The age range was from 31 to 77 years. Patients received no cancer treatment before surgery. The expression of metalloproteinases (ММP-1, -2, -9), their inhibitors (TIMP-1, -2) and inductor of metalloproteinase expression (CD147) were determined in tumor cells of different structures of squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemical method. Results were compared with the presence of lymphogenous metastases. Results. Five morphological structures of squamous cell carcinomas were studied: with keratinization (type 1), with cells of basaloid and acanthocyte types without kartinization (type 2), with cells of basaloid type (type 3), with pronounced cellular polymorphism (type 4) and single tumor cells (type 5). With regard to combination of these structures, tumors were divided into high-grade, low-grade and mixed tumor structures. In tumors without lymphogenous metastases, the increased expression of ММP-1, -2, and-9 was only revealed in discrete cells. In tumors with lymphogenic metastases, the increased MMP-9 expression was observed in more differentiated structures of 1, 2 and 3 types. Less frequent lymphogenous metastasis of vocal cord carcinomas was associated only with tumors of mixed structure, in which the expression of TIMP1 was reduced.  Conclusion. To assess the histological differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, it should be considered a combination of high and low-grade tumor structures. The expression of metalloproteinases should be studied considering morphological heterogeneity of squamous cell carcinomas. The frequency of lymphogenous metastasis of high-or low-grade squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cords did not differ from that of squamous cell carcinoma of the supra-glottal area. The frequency of lymphogenous metastasis was significantly lower in mixed squamous cell carcinomas of the vocal cords than in similar carcinomas of the supra-glottal area.

α(1,2)-L-ramno-α(1,4)-D-galaktopiranoziluronan from rhizomes Acorus calamus L. administered intravenously enhances the antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of cyclophosphamide in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma, lung cancer – 67 and melanoma B-16.

The aim of the research was to study the levels of hormones involved in the pathogenesis of BC in the lymph of the thoracic duct. Methods. BC induced by the introduction of n-methyl-N-nitrosourea rats of Wistar breed. The animals underwent only surgery chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil). In some animals combined surgery followed by a course of chemotherapy, and in some animals advanced therapy fragmented DNA. In the lymph examined the contents of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2 ) and thyroglobulin (TG). Results. It is shown that surgical removal of tumors in the mammary gland leads to lower levels in the lymph LH and E2 . The combination of surgery with a course of chemotherapy leads to lower levels in the lymph FSH. Chemotherapy without surgical removal of tumors in the mammary gland leads to a decrease in the concentration of E2 in the lymph. Conclusion. The concentration of sex hormones and thyroglobulin in the lymph of the thoracic duct in breast cancer in rats depends on the type of treatment.

Evaluation of cancer incidence in a certain area is one of the most important components of cancer control. From 1993 to 2012, a 1.4-fold increase in the annual number of new cancer cases among the population of Siberia and the Far East was registered. The age-standardized incidence rates are increasing with aging of the population. For all cancers, cancer incidence is higher in men than in women with the exception of thyroid and skin melanoma cancer incidence. Six types of cancer incidence curves have been identified: 1) reduction; 2) high growth; 3) relatively uniform growth; 4) reduction followed by stabilization; 5) growth followed by stabilization; 6) relatively uniform increase, then a significant increase.

This review about the application of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy. Emphasizes the need for a differentiated approach to radiation therapy, which should be based on the definition of clinical morphological factors that determine the risk of loco-regional recurrence of breast cancer.

The review describes the mechanisms of speech production, the causes and characteristics associated with impaired speech in patients with acquired maxillar defects. The use of diagnostic sounds specific for patients with acquired maxillar defects is justified in order to control the quality of the reconstructed speech. Timbre, acoustic characteristics of vowels, as well as expert evaluation of objective parameters of speech can not serve as the basic factors of the quality of the reconstructed speech. In contrast, the criteria for formal evaluation of speech quality are the changes in the frequency range of sounds, occurrence or loss of certain formants and the change in time of the overall tone sounds and phonemes. Подобные изменения легко фиксируются такими инструментальными средствами, как спектральный анализ и анализ амплитудограммы. For objective research it is necessary to use two letter sounds composed of vowels and consonants, allowing diagnostic sounds in the context to be studied, however, the effects of coarticulation and prosody are minimized. The use of formal features of specific sounds allows the subjective assessment of speech quality to be minimized.

To the 75th birthday