This study presents the results of chemoradiation treatment with accelerated hyperfractionated regime with uneven crushing daily dose in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. The study included 187 patients with confirmed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Patients were divided into three groups: the first (control) group included 75 patients who underwent radiotherapy in conventional fractionation regimen (60–66 Gy in 30–33 daily fractions) with sequential 2–4 cycles of chemotherapy of cisplatin + etoposide. In the second (intermediate group) included 66 patients who underwent radiation therapy to hyperfractionated accelerated regimen (1 Gy and 1.5 Gy b.i.d. in 48–56 fractions) with sequential 2–4 cycles of chemotherapy of cisplatin + etoposide. In the third (main) group consisted of 46 patients who underwent radiation therapy to hyperfractionated accelerated regimen (1 Gy and 1.5 Gy b.i.d. in 48–56 fractions) with simultaneous 2 cycles of cisplatin + etoposide. Complete and partial response rate was 60.0 % in the control group, 89.4 % in the intermediate group and 76.0 % in the study group. Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates were in control, intermediate and main groups, 6.6 %, 10.5 %, 21.4 % and 2.5 %, 10.1 %, 16.4 %, respectively.

The purpose of the study was to assess immediate response to preoperative external beam radiotherapy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. The study comprised 55 patients with primary and recurrent soft tissue sarcomas. All patients underwent external beam radiotherapy at a total dose of 38–44 Gy in 5 fractions of 3 Gy daily, followed by surgery with 10–15 Gy intraoperative radiotherapy. The objective tumor response to preoperative external beam radiotherapy was assessed using RECIST criteria. Partial response to preoperative radiotherapy was achieved in 9.1% of patients and disease stabilization in 90.9% of cases. Grade I pathological tumor response was observed in 25 (46.5 %) patients, grade II tumor response in 19 (34.5 %) patients and grade III tumor response in 11 (20 %) cases. A 3-week interval between radiotherapy and surgery was the most optimal time. Pathological tumor response with RECIST criteria is an additional parameter in assessment of immediate tumor response.

The hereditary breast cancer (HBC) occurs in 5–10 % of all cases of breast cancer. The mutations in the genes of high penetrance – BRCA1, BRCA2 is mainly the reason HBC. In the study presented the features of HBC (age of onset of the disease, cancer family history, primary tumor process multiple character). Depending on the presence of mutations BRCA1 5382insC, BLM, CHEK2 carried out a comparative analysis of the occurrence of hereditary characteristics in breast cancer patients.

Molecular genetic characteristics of the ovarian tumors can provide much quicker information about treatment effectiveness. The paper was aimed to study the frequency of BRCA1 5382insC mutation among ovarian cancer patients living in Siberia (the Tomsk region) and to detect the main clinical morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this disease. It was found that the frequency of BRCA1 5382insC mutation among ovarian cancer patients in the Tomsk region was 9.19 %. The partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy was observed in 75 % of ovarian cancer patients having BRCA1 5382insC mutation. Optimal cytoreduction is a significant predictor of the treatment effectiveness of hereditary ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 5382insC mutation.

Intestinal mucosa is a barrier, preventing bacteria and it’s derivate from penetrating to organism, where it triggers inflammation. In this study the dynamic of intestinal permeability in cancer and cardio surgery patients during perioperative period is evaluated using dual sugar test (lactulose-mannitol). Lactulose and mannitol excretion ratio is increased in group of cancer patients with postoperative complications before and after surgery. This indicates an increased intestinal permeability in these patients. Probably increased permeability cause bacterial lipopolysaccharide translocation into blood, where it induces effectors of innate immunity, leading to system inflammation reaction due to already activated immunity. According to this, evaluation of intestinal permeability can be considered as a prognostic factor of unfavorable early postoperative period in cancer patients.

Characteristics of inflammatory infiltrate in the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric dysplasia (n=56) and gastric cancer (n=50) with different levels of humoral immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and EBV viral load were studied. In patients with dysplasia of the gastric mucosa, the increase in antibody titers to VCA IgG leaded to a significant decrease in the level of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages and an increase in the number of eosinophils and plasma cells. When the levels of IgA to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and IgG to EBV early antigens (EA) were increased, the number of neutrophils in the composition of the cellular infiltrate was significantly decreased. In gastric cancer patients with different levels of humoral immune response to EBV, the number of plasma cells and eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate of the tumor was decreased when increasing the titers of IgG to VCA and IgA to VCA. When VCA/IgA titer was high, the number of neutrophils in a tumor was decreased and the proportion of macrophages was slightly increased. The data obtained can serve as additional criteria for indentifying markers for viral infection of the gastric mucosa.

The article is devoted to the study the characteristics of hematogenous metastasis in bilateral synchronous and metachronous breast cancer. The comparison of the obtained expression and morphological characteristics of primary tumor nodules with features of hematogenous metastasis to identify prognostically significant parameters. The study included surgical material from 566 patients with invasive carcinoma of the non-specific type of breast cancer. The study found that in patients with synchronous bilateral breast cancer tended to have a lower incidence of hematogenous metastasis in comparison with two-sided and one-sided defeat of metachronous breast cancer. On the basis of studies performed in synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer for predicting hematogenous metastasis is recommended to use different prognostic parameters. The risk of hematogenous metastasis in patients synchronous bilateral cancer associated with fibrosis of the stroma of the tumor, monomorphic structure infiltrative component comprising a smaller number of different types of structures. When metachronous bilateral lesions in the case of the presence of hematogenous metastasis was detected more severe fibrosis of the stroma of the tumor was determined a lower percentage rate and the expression of receptors for estrogen, as well as more and larger percentage of the affected lymph node metastases.

Androgenic pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of benign and malignant prostate tumors. Most of the prostate neoplasms are hormone-dependent at the time of diagnosis. Therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the level of testosterone in the blood allow to stop progression of the disease. But over time, the tumor almost inevitably starts to progress, moving in the castration-resistant state (CRPC), representing a serious problem of oncourology. In recent years, the possibility of CRRPC therapy increased significantly – there was developed a number of new drugs that effectively inhibit the development of castration-resistant tumors and significantly push back the start of chemotherapy. This review describes the major drug targets and mechanisms of action of abiraterone, enzalutamide, galeterone, VT-464 and other approved and promising CRPC therapies.

Despite the large number of studies, including randomized, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy for early-stage uterine corpus cancer remains a matter of debate. We present our results and literature review devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of new prognostic criteria for cancer of the corpus uteri. The introduction of these markers into routine clinical practice will allow a personalized treatment for patients with stage I uterine corpus cancer.

A rare case of thyroid carcinosarcoma has been presented. Clinical features of progression of this rare disease have been described. The detailed assessment of the histological pattern of metastatic spread of thyroid carcinocarcoma has been given. The main causes of unfavorable outcome of this disease have been analyzed.

Mucosis fungoides (Sezary syndrome) is a rare disease. Because of polymorphism of clinical manifestations that mimic benign diseases of the skin, it often takes several years before the disease is diagnosed. The paper presents a clinical case of progressive mucosis fungoides with unfavorable outcome. The diagnosis of mycosis fungoides was first suspected on the basis of laboratory studies of peripheral blood.