Cancer incidence in the administrative centers of Siberia and the Russian Far East was first studied from1998 to 2012 years. Proportion of urban population ranged from 18.5 % in Kemerovo city to 56.0 % in Magadan city. During the study period, the incidence rate in the administrative centers of the region (259.1 ± 0.4 0/0000) was higher than in the whole region (233.0 ± 0.2 0/0000) (p<0.05). The lowest rates were observed in the Yakutsk city (206.8 ± 2.3 0/0000), Abakan city (212.1 ± 2.6 0/0000) and Kyzyl city (231.5 ± 4.2 0/0000), the largest rates were in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city (308.6 ± 3.1 0/0000), Irkutsk city (298.2 ± 1.6 0/0000) and Barnaul city (292.8 ± 1.5 0/0000). A significant rise in cancer incidence was observed among the urban population. The highest growth rates were noted in Irkutsk city (30.1 %), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky city (26.8 %), whereas the lowest rates were found in Kemerovo city (0.1 %) and Omsk city (0.3 %). Cluster analysis allowed the group of cities with low and high cancer risk to be identified.

Results of molecular genetic study of BRCA1gene expression in patients with endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract were presented. Based on the analysis of survival rates in patients with endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, the BRCA1expression level was suggested can be used as a prognostic criterion and as a factor determining the advisability of administration of platinum-based drugs. It was found that the more aggressive neuroendocrine tumors had the lower BRCA1expression. Therefore, administration of platinumcontaining chemotherapy is unlikely to offer any benefit for these patients.

The aim of the study was the assessment of tumor burden’s components (a mediastinum/thoracic ratio – MTR, peripheral bulky disease, and number of involved lymph nodes) in young adults with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and the analysis of their predictive value. Data on 87 patients aged from 19 till 29 years (median 24 ± 4 years) are submitted. The optimum cut-off level according ROC method for MTR has been established at 0.33, for peripheral bulky disease has been established at 46 mm, and for number of involved lymph nodes has been established at 5. Use of the correlation and regression analysis allocated the best linear regression model for MTR with the maximum determination coefficient and the minimum residual dispersion. There were statistically significant the equation by Fischer's criterion and determination coefficient (Ffact(46.74)>Ftheor(4.17)). Linear and nonlinear regression models for «a peripheral lymphadenopathy» and «number of involved zones» didn't show significant influence on the outcome (p=0.9237 and p=0.3385, respectively). MTR significant influenced the late results. The disease-free survival in patient’s group with MTR less than 0.33 was 100 %, in group with MTR more than 0.34 was 41 % (log-rank test 0.04649).

The study included 26 patients with stage Ia1 – Ib1 cervical cancer who underwent organ-preserving surgery (transabdominal trachelectomy). To visualize sentinel lymph nodes, lymphoscintigraphy with injection of radioactive lymphotropic isotope, 99mTc-labelled nanocolloid, was performed the day before surgery. Intraoperative identification of sentinel lymph nodes using gamma probe was carried out to assess which lymph nodes had taken up the radionuclide. Detection of sentinel lymph nodes in cervical cancer patients can accurately predict the pelvic lymph node status, assess the stage of the disease, individualize the extent of surgery and determine indications for organpreserving surgery.

The aim of the study was to investigate the NF-κB, HIF-1 and VEGF expressions and the proteasome and calpain activities in localized and disseminated kidney cancers.

Material: The study included 87 patients with clear cell kidney cancer. Transcription factors and VEGF expression were measured by ELISA kits. Proteasome and calpain activity was determined using specific fluorogenic substrate.

Results. The increase of NF-κB, HIF-1 expression in cancer tissues is associated with the development of hematogenic metastasis. Coefficient NF-κB р65/р50, referred to the level of active transcription factor forms, had the wave-like pattern and was increased in cancer tissues with single metastases and decreased in cancer tissues with multiple ones. The same trend of VEGF changes was revealed in kidney tissues. The low proteasome activity in metastatic cancer tissues was observed. The changes in calpain activity had the same dynamics as the expression of NF-κB and VEGF.

Conclusion. The changes in NF-κB, HIF-1transcription factors, VEGF growth factor expressions and protease activities that could regulate their level, in localized and disseminated kidney cancer tissue were revealed. Coefficient NF-κB р65/р50, VEGF expression and proteases activities could be the potential prognostic molecular markers of hematogenic metastasis development in kidney cancer.

Three rare tumors occurring in laboratory mice, namely: myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland, malignant neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid) of the cecum and insular carcinoma of the pancreas have been described. Carcinoid tumor of the cecum was first diagnosed as a spontaneous neoplasm in mice without genetic modification. Analysis of diagnostic features of these neoplasms and their characteristics in comparison with the published cases has been presented.

A low level of functional properties of E. coli isolated from the mouth cavity of lung cancer patients indicated the disturbed symbiotic relationship between Escherichia and macro-organism. This evidence is followed by intensification of biological properties of E.coli, causing the parasitism and bacterial pathogenicity.

The paper presents the diagnostic results of 27 patients with mucinous breast cancer, which is a rare type of invasive ductal breast cancer accounting for less than 2% of all breast cancers. The role of radiological, histological and cytological examination in the diagnosis of mucinous breast cancer is evaluated. In cases with large tumors, it was difficult to differentiate mucinous breast cancer from fibrocystic and other benign breast lesions.

The role of circulating proteasomes (C-proteasomes) representing a multisubunit complex with several proteolytically active sites, and exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles providing intracellular and interstitial transfer of biologically important molecules (proteins and miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, has been described. Currently, there are prerequisites for further study of the role of C-proteasome and exosome not only as prognostic markers, but also as predictors of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and optimal cytoreduction.

The role of hyperthermia as a powerful modifier of radiation-and chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer has been described. Efficacy and tolerability of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia were assessed. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy and hyperthermia seem to be promising for treatment of patients with locally advanced lung cancer.

A rare clinical case of bilateral carcinosarcoma of the ovary including a rare combination of serous adenocarcinoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma has been presented.

A 29-year-old female presented with symptoms of hemostatic and neurological disorders. Metastatic bone disease without primarily detected tumor site was differentiated from hematologic malignancies. Postmortem examination using immunohistochemistry verified mucinous lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes and bones, complicated by sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

A case of differential diagnosis of implantation metastasis in anterior abdominal wall following treatment for rectal cancer with the use of high-field MRI has been presented.

The experience of performing video-assisted thoracoscopic parasternal lymphadenectomy with the use of argon plasma coagulation for breast cancer patients has been presented. The proposed technique is effective in reducing the time of surgery and preventing blood lost. It also provides reliable final hemostatic control.