Argyrophilic proteins associated with nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR proteins) and Ki-67 antigen were investigated in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Tumors with low and high content of Ag-NOR proteins and proliferation index (PI) Ki-67 were determined. The relationship between the Ag-NOR content and T and N parameters, tumor size of 3 cm or more and stage of the disease was found. High survival rates in patients with lung adenocarcinoma were associated with the low content of Ag-NOR proteins and PI Ki-67 and low survival rates were related to the high content of Ag-NOR proteins and PI Ki-67. The intermediate survival rates were related to the opposite values of the content of Ag-NOR proteins and PI Ki-67. The tumor size, N parameter and the content of Ag-NOR proteins had an independent effect on survival of patients. Survival was related to the size of the tumor in lung cancer patients having no lymph node involvement and it was related to the content of Ag-NOR proteins in cases with the presence of metastases. Mutual study of Ag-NOR proteins and antigen Ki-67 has differential diagnostic and prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma.

Short-and long-term results of combined modality treatment with systematic (n=60) and selective (n=51) mediastinal lymphodissection were compared in 111 patients with IIIA(N2 ) stage non-small lung cancer taking into account the tumor site, histological pattern of the tumor and the extent of radical surgery. The recurrence-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients with squamous cell lung cancer who underwent systematic lymphodissection than in patients who underwent selective lymphodissection. The median disease progression-free survival was 31 months and 14.5 months and the overall 5-year survival rates were 43,4 % and 16 %, respectively (p<0,05). A significant increase in recurrence-free and overall 5-year survival rates was observed in group I patients with cancer of the left lung as compared to that observed in group II patients. Selective mediastinal lymphodissection may be the operation of choice in patients with stage IIIA(N2 ) non-small cell lung cancer and in patients with cancer of the right lung who received combined modality treatment including adjuvant radiation therapy.

The incidence of metachronic tumors in gastric cancer patients was analyzed depending on the treatment method (surgery alone and combination of surgery with preoperative and intraoperative radiotherapy). Combined modality treatment included the use of intensive preoperative radiation therapy at a total dose of 20–27 Gy and intraoperative radiotherapy at a single dose of 20 Gy. Secondary tumors were revealed in 4 % of cases. No significant differences in the incidence of metachronic tumors between the group of patients treated with surgery alone and group of patients treated with combination therapy were found (4,4 % versus 3,7 %). Thus, the use of neoadjuvant and intraoperative radiation therapy resulted no in the increased frequency of metachronic lesion development.

Infectious complications are the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Fungal infection occurs in 20–70 % of patients undergoing chemotherapy with 40 % mortality rate. The efficacy of antifungal agents has been assessed in children undergoing chemotherapy

The oral cavity is recommended as a biotope for the evaluation of microecological disorders in cancer patients. The set of indicator microorganisms has been defined. Investigations of functional characteristics of bacteria are needed for more accurate diagnosis of disbacteriosis

A comparative study of the anticarcinogenic activity of synthetic polyamine inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and three plant drugs on the model of radiation carcinogenesis was carried out in 615 female Wistar rats subjected to total body γ-irradiation at a dose of 4 Gy. After the irradiation the rats were given for 16 months with drinking water DFMO at a concentration of 2 g/l, tincture from biomass of tissue culture of ginseng root (bioginseng) at a concentration of 20 ml/l, tincture of Siberian ginseng root, or tincture of maral root rhizome at a concentration of 10 ml/l each. The incidence and multiplicity of malignant and benign tumors of the mammary gland, endocrine and reproductive organs, and other localizations were assessed. Bioginseng had the strongest anticarcinogenic activity. In comparison with the irradiated control bioginseng significantly decreased the overall incidence and multiplicity of tumors by 35 % and 58 %, correspondingly, and also significantly decreased ones of malignant tumors by 60 % and 65 %, correspondingly. Anticarcinogenic efficiency of DFMO was weaker compared with bioginseng and Siberian ginseng had the most weak anticarcinogenic activity. Maral root did not influence significantly on the radiation carcinogenesis. The drugs of ginseng are the most promising for chemoprevention of late oncologic consequences of radiation expo

Effect of combined modality treatment on morphofunctional state of the bronchial epithelium of 29 patients with stage III lung cancer was studied. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (paclitaxel/carboplatin) had no negative effect on the state of the bronchial epithelium. Surgery with intraoperative radiation therapy at a single dose of 10 Gy or 15 Gy with cisplatin radiosensitization caused mucosal damage as alteration, dystrophy and desqumation of the covering epithelium. The damaged epithelium was regenerated due to the reserved cells coming from the damaged margins with the formation of an epidermoid regenerative layer and subsequent cell differentiation. In a year after treatment, the bronchial mucosa was covered by the multinuclear cylindrical epithelium and moderate sclerosis occurred in the stroma

BRCA1 and BRCA2 may contribute in pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, however the selection criteria for BRCA1 testing are poorly defined. The analysis of Russian founder mutation BRCA1 5382insC in 150 PC patients identified 2 carriers. BRCA2 full-length sequencing of 8 DNA samples revealed 1 mutated allele (BRCA2 5197_5198delTC). All 3 carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations reported personal or familial history of BRCA-related cancers. Thus, BRCA1/2 testing is particularly

The chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like proteasome activities were studied in tumor tissues of 74 patients with breast cancer (BC) NМin association with tumor size and lymph node involvement. Chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like proteasome activities were ^Т1-40-30 higher in breast cancer tissue than in adjacent tissues. We showed that advanced BC is accompanied by increase in chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like proteasome activities. In tumors with lymph node dissemination, proteasome activity was significantly decreased, which may have prospective prognostic value. Taken together, our data indicate an important role of intracellular proteolysis in BC progression.

Results of surgical treatment of 721 lung cancer patients were analyzed. Radical surgeries with systematic lymphodissection led to a significant increase in the overall 5-year survival rate (up to 60 %) without increase in the postoperative complication rate (17,2 %) and postoperative lethality rate (3,5 %)

The review is devoted to the treatment methods for advanced breast cancer. The analysis of international studies aimed to assess the efficacy of surgical treatment for stage IV breast cancer patients was carried out. The role of the current drug therapy as a factor contributing to increase in the overall survival was studied

The review deals with the problem of comprehensive diagnostic capabilities for thyroid cancer. In spite of the multiple studies, the question on the role of magnetic-resonance imaging in diagnostic algorithms for thyroid cancer remains disputable

Treatment outcomes for a patient with solitary brain metastasis after long-term relapse-free follow-up of invasive lung carcinoma were presented. Brain metastasis without other signs of disease progression was diagnosed 10 years after combined modality treatment for stage II lung cancer. Removal of intracerebral metastasis with intraoperative photodynamic therapy was performed. Histology microspecimens of the primary tumor and metastasis were similar. No signs of disease progression in the brain 9 months after surgery were found. This case demonstrates that it is important to increase cancer suspicion for patients with long-term relapse-free follow-up. The use of intraoperative photodynamic therapy with photoditazine as a sensitizer in the treatment of cerebral metastases results in a favorable anti-tumor effect, thus improving life quality of patients