The analysis of currently available definitions of the term «radiotherapeutic interval» (RTI) has showed that they contain significant uncertainties and do not take into account the dose fractionation regimen. The aim of the study was to analyze the current approaches to the definition of the term «radiotherapeutic interval» and to propose a new definition excluding uncertainties and taking into account the dose fractionation regi- men. materials and methods. A new approach to the assessment of radiotherapeutic interval was applied to superficial tumors treated with X-rays and fast electron beams. The features of dose distributions characteristic of X-ray and monoenergetic fast electron beams generated in radiotherapy of superficial malignant tumors 10 SIBERIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY. 2016. VOL. 15, № 3. Р. 5-11 в.а. лисин сПОсОб ОЦенКИ раДИОтераПевтИчесКОГО Интервала were studied. The relationship between radiotherapeutic interval and tumor size for Х-ray and monoenergetic fast electron beam radiotherapy was calculated. The algorithm of calculation was consistent with the new definition of the concept of «radiotherapeutic interval». Results. A new approach to the definition of «radio- therapeutic interval», which avoids the previous definition’s inherent uncertainties and contradictions and takes into account the dose fractionation regimen, has been proposed.

Introduction. Malignant tumors of large salivary glands are a relatively rare malignancy. In 2014 as a whole in Russia 1236 cases of these diseases were registered. According to the latest data of the Interna- tional Agency for Research on Cancer (Volume X) the most common standardized incidence rate in various countries ranges from 0.6-0.9 per 100,000 men and 0.4-0.6 per 100,000 women. aim of study. The aim of this study is to carry out for the first time in Russia an estimation of a complex of analytical rates including an evaluation of observed and relative survival rates to assess the effectiveness of cancer control related to patients with a diagnosis of malignant tumors of large salivary glands. material and methods. An estimation of a complex of analytical rates was conducted in accordance with database of the Population-based Cancer Registry of St. Petersburg. There were selected 896 patients with a diagnosis of malignant tumors of large salivary glands from 1994 to 2013. Results. It was found that the most frequent value of the standardized incidence rates of malignant tumors of large salivary glands in different countries of the world community for the male population was 0.6-0.9 per 100,000 population and 0.4-0.6 for the female. These values were 0000 equal to 0.7 and 0.4 0/ in Russia (2014), and 0.6 and 0.5 0/ in St. Petersburg (2014). The vast majority 0000 of recorded cases of malignant tumors of large salivary glands were for S07.9 - of malignant tumors of large salivary glands undefined. 46.6 % of primary patients had early stages (I + II). A relative 5-year survival rate was 61.9 % for men and 69.9 % for women, which was slightly less than the European average (Eurocare). Conclusion. This study for the first time in Russia allowed estimating series of analytical rates character- izing the effectiveness of cancer control related to patients with malignant tumors of large salivary glands in St. Petersburg including estimations of a 5-year relative survival of patients.

The dynamics of morbidity and mortality due to primary liver cancer in the population of Novosibirsk according to population cancer register and the total mortality over 25 years (1988-2012) as well as the levels of its risk factors were analyzed. There was a 2-2.5-fold reduction in morbidity and mortality from liver cancer. Among the risk factors, a significant reduction in the incidence of hepatitis B and increase in the incidence of hepatitis C were noted. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, opisthorchiasis and alcohol consumption remain stable. The epidemiological prognosis for liver cancer in the coming years in the region is discussed.

Introduction. The patient’s age is one of the major risk factors of death from colorectal cancer. The role of laparo- scopic radical surgeries in the treatment of colorectal cancer in elderly patients is being studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the experience of surgical treatment for elderly patients with colorectal cancer. material and methods. The treatment outcomes of 106 colorectal cancer patients aged 75 years or over, who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2015 were presented. Out of them, 66 patients underwent laparatomy and 40 patients underwent laparoscopy. Patients were matched for ASA and CR-PОSSUM scales, age-and body mass index, dis- ease stage and type of surgery. Results. The mean duration of surgery was significantly less for laparoscopy than for laparotomy (127 min versus 146 min). Intraoperative blood loss was higher in patients treated by laparotomy than by laparoscopy (167 ml versus 109 ml), but the differences were insignificant (р=0.36). No differences in lymphodissection quality and adequate resection volume between the groups were found. The average hospital stay was not significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (р=0.43). Complications occurred with equal frequency in both groups (13.6 % compared to 15.0 %). The median follow-up time was 16 months (range, 6-30 months). The number of patients died during a long-term follow-up was 2 times higher after laparotomic surgery than after laparoscopic surgery, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Postoperative compli- cations in elderly patients with colorectal cancer did not exceed the average rates and did not depend on the age. Both groups were matched for the intraoperative bleeding volume and quality of lymphodenectomy. Significantly shorter duration of laparoscopic surgery was explained by the faster surgical access however, it showed no benefit in reducing the average length of hospital stay and decreasing the number of complications. The choice of surgi- cal access had no impact on life quality of patients after treatment. There was a tendency toward an increase in the percentage of deaths in a long-term follow-up due to causes not related to colorectal cancer, thus, resulting in the decreased overall survival rate in elderly patients treated by laparatomy.

The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy including capecitabine and long-term treatment outcomes in patients with operable breast cancer. material and methods. The study included 139 patients with stage T2-3N0-2M0 breast cancer, who received 2-4 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the FAC and САХ regimens. Immediate response was assessed using the RECIST criteria. Long-term treatment outcomes and metastasis-free survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. By assessing the relationship between long-term treatment outcomes and the immediate response to adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine, we identified the group of patients with tumor regression ≥ 80%, who had the 7-year metastasis-free survival rates similar to those observed in patients with pathologic complete response. Such factors as the primary tumor size, regional tumor spread, receptor status of tumor tissue and the number of chemotherapy courses were found to have no impact on the frequency of hematogenous metastasis. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that ≥ 80% tumor regression after neoadjuvanch chemotherapy including capecitabine can be considered as a predictive parameter for assessing metastasis-free survival in patients with operable breast cancer.

Introduction. The introduction of modern technologies of conformal external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) into clinical practice for the treatment of prostate cancer requires proper quality assurance measures as well as a careful analysis of both the efficacy and toxicity data of treatments. The purpose of this study was to inves- tigate tolerance and the immediate efficacy of conformal dose-escalated EBRT during hormono-radiotherapy for prostate cancer. material and methods. The study involved 156 prostate cancer patients treated with EBRT. Among them, 30 patients received a total dose of 70 Gy, and in 126 patients the total dose was esca- lated to 72-76 Gy (median total dose - 74.0 Gy). Fifty-nine patients received intensity modulated radiation therapy. Results. The prescribed course of treatment was completed in all the patients with prostate cancer. Acute radiation-induced bladder reactions (RTOG) were observed in 50 (32.1 %) patients, of whom 48 (30.8 %) experienced grade I reactions, and 2 (1.3 %) experienced grade II reactions. Eighteen (11.5 %) patients had radiation-induced rectum reactions, not above grade I. The development of grade II dysuric phenomena necessitated treatment interruption only in two patients. Of 9 (5.8 %) patients who had late bladder complica- tions (RTOG/EORTC), 8 (5.1 %) patients developed grade I complications, and one (0.6 %) patient developed grade II complications. Of 11 (7.1 %) patients who had rectum complications, 8 (5.1 %) patients developed grade I complications, and 3 (1.9 %) patients developed grade II complications. No patients experienced the increase in toxicity of treatment during dose escalation up to a total dose exceeding 70 Gy. During the follow-up period, only one patient developed recurrent disease. Conclusion. The results of our study suggest acceptable levels of toxicity following a continuous course of dose-escalated EBRT given in conjunction with hormono-radiotherapy to prostate cancer patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of dose escalation on long-term outcomes as well as the rate and grade of late complications.

The purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative management of the bronchial stump in lung cancer patients. material and methods. Forty-four patients with stage III lung cancer underwent endoscopic examination of the bronchial tree 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. The EVIS EXERAII and LUCERA videoendoscopic complexes with consistent use of white light mode, autofluorescence and narrow- spectrum mode were used. Endoscopic results were compared with morphological findings. Results. X-ray of the chest was negative for tumor recurrence in 3 (6.8 %) cases and early metachronous tumor of the trachea was revealed in 1 (2.3 %) case. The main endoscopic symptoms of early local recurrence in the bronchial stump were the marked lilac glow identified in the AFI mode and the mucosal vascular pattern deformation Timely diagnosis of recurrence allows a special treatment to be performed.

Background. Objectives: analysis of the most important prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with low-grade cerebral gliomas (LGG). material and methods. 107 patients with morphologically proven low-grade cerebral gliomas were included into the study. There were 57 (53.3 %) patients with diffuse astrocytoma, 14 (13.1 %) with oligoastrocytoma and 36 (33.6 %) patients with oligodendroglioma. Results. Risk factors included age ≥40 years, diffuse astrocytoma, tumor size of more than 6 cm, displacement of the midbrain structures and severe or moderate neurological deficit. Acute cerebral circulatory disorder and the extent of surgical excision of the tumor did not effect on the outcome of LGG treatment. The highest rates of PFS were observed in patients with stage T3 disease and the lowest PFS rates in patients with stage III disease. Conclusion. Significant risk factors should be considered in planning multi-modality treatment for low grade cerebral gliomas.

The problem of the prevalence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Аcinetobacter baumannii in hospi- tals is a major challenge for cancer centers. To organize the measures for interrupting nosocomial transmis- sion and spread of nosocomial pathogens, it is important to determine the identity of the circulating strains of microorganisms. Assessment of the true phylogenetic relationships of the studied strains is possible by means of a cluster analysis of the isolates, followed by the construction and analysis of MSP Dendrogram in MALDI-TOF BIOTYPER system.

The results of the combined modality treatment including neutron therapy for patients with resistant malignant tumors were presented. Efficacy of neutron therapy was assessed using disease-free and 5-year survival rates. Neutron therapy used alone or as a combination therapy was shown to be more effective than photon therapy. A comprehensive program for the prevention and treatment of acute radiation-induced damages was devised.

The treatment outcomes of unresectable laryngeal cancer have been presented. The techniques of radiation therapy (RT) alone and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), as well as the effect of changes in the fractionation regimens on the treatment outcome have been analyzed. No differences in overall survival (OS) and locoregional control (LC) between the RT and CRT techniques were found (p<0.8). There is a trend toward improvement in OS (p<0.1) and LC (p<0.05) in laryngeal cancer patients treated with hyperftactionated radiation therapy.

The purpose of the study: to improve the quality of anesthesia for gynecologic cancer surgery. materials and methods. The study included 421 patients who underwent a routine hysterectomy. The patients were divided into 3 groups with respect to analgesic method. The method of multimodal balanced analgesia was used in all cases. Group I patients additionally received epidural analgesia. Group II patients did not receive epidural analgesia (the control group). Group III patients received 600 mg of gabapentin as an adjuvant to opioid analgesia. Results. A significant difference in pain intensity within the first 72 hours after surgery between 3 groups of patients was found. Oral gabapentin as an adjunct to patient-controlled epidural analgesia provided efficient pain relief, reduction in the need for opioid analgesics in the perioperative period, as well as reduction in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after surgery.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with metastatic potential and poor response to chemotherapy. Unfortunately, molecular-based targeted therapies failed to make significant progress against pancreatic cancer. One of the promising subjects of molecular oncology is the study of tumor microenvironment modulation for therapeutic purposes. In the present review, the description of pancreatic cancer microenvironment is provided, including intercellular interaction regulation which is important for tumor growth and progression. The study of this topic is important for the development of new therapies for pancreatic cancer.

Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer takes the leading position among malignant head and neck tumors, representing one of the most important and socially significant problems in modern oncology. Approaches to the treatment of locally advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer have changed significantly in the recent years, due to new anticancer drugs and the widespread use of the best types of chemotherapy combined with surgery and radiotherapy.

We present a clinical case of non-small cell lung cancer treated with personalized adjuvant chemotherapy. The expression levels of drug resistance genes, such as ABCC5, RRM1, ERCC1, TOP1, TOP2a, TUBB3 and TYMS in tumor tissue from non-small cell lung cancer were used as predictive markers. This case shows the usefulness of determination of the expression of drug resistance genes before and after preoperative chemotherapy, and it is important in terms of determining the individual sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy drugs, thus allowing the treatment plan for the individual patient to be tailored.

Treatment outcomes of soloid-pseudopapillar tumor of the pancreas in a young woman have been presented. Soloid-pseudopapillar tumor of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm. As a rule, it is detected by chance during routine screening US examinations. Diagnosis is frequently delayed and tumor size at presentation is frequently large. In case of systic pancreatic lesion, soloid-pseudopapillar tumor should be considered in the diagnosis. As a low-grade malignancy, the tumor seldom recurs and metastasizes.