The paper examined 106 patients with breast cancer (BC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NАС). In the biopsy material, derived from primary tumor before NAC and surgical samples after chemotherapy the expression of 8 multidrug resistance genes (MDR) ABCB1, АВСВ2, ABCC1, ABCC2, АВСС5, ABCG1, ABCG2 и MVP was evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. During the NAC course 75 % of patients manifested gradient phenomenon for gene expression that means a unidirectional change in the expression of all five MDR genes ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCG1 и ABCG2 closely associated with the NAC efficacy: the reduction in MDR gene expression was related to good response to NAC while the expression increase associated with poor response to NAC. In 25% of patients there was no such change in studied gene expression that means the lack of a gradient phenomenon. The objective was to study whether gradient phenomenon for MDR gene expression during NAC is related to disease free survival in breast cancer patients. Five-year metastasis-free survival in patients having a gradient phenomenon was 73 % versus 39 % in patients who lack a gradient phenomenon (log-rank test p=0,0018). So, the presence of a gradient phenomenon in patients is appeared to be associated with a good disease prognosis. It is assumed that the gradiThe paper examined 106 patients with breast cancer (BC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NАС). In the biopsy material, derived from primary tumor before NAC and surgical samples after chemotherapy the expression of 8 multidrug resistance genes (MDR) ABCB1, АВСВ2, ABCC1, ABCC2, АВСС5, ABCG1, ABCG2 и MVP was evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. During the NAC course 75 % of patients manifested gradient phenomenon for gene expression that means a unidirectional change in the expression of all five MDR genes ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCG1 и ABCG2 closely associated with the NAC efficacy: the reduction in MDR gene expression was related to good response to NAC while the expression increase associated with poor response to NAC. In 25% of patients there was no such change in studied gene expression that means the lack of a gradient phenomenon. The objective was to study whether gradient phenomenon for MDR gene expression during NAC is related to disease free survival in breast cancer patients. Five-year metastasis-free survival in patients having a gradient phenomenon was 73 % versus 39 % in patients who lack a gradient phenomenon (log-rank test p=0,0018). So, the presence of a gradient phenomenon in patients is appeared to be associated with a good disease prognosis. It is assumed that the gradient phenomenon is the marker indicating the presence of a balanced system of gene regulation and tumor cell response to chemotherapy. Practically, the estimation of the effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy along with a change in MDR gene expression during NAC could significantly improve prediction of disease outcome in patients with breast cancer.

Current laboratory techniques were used for evaluation of tumor markers, growth factors, angiogenesis, intercellular adhesion in biological fluids of 349 patients with nonmusculo-invasive urinary bladder cancer (264 patients had a single tumor and 285 presented with multiple tumor foci). An analysis was made of the correlation between four indices most closely related with the number of tumor foci in the bladder, and patient survival. The log-rank test found a correlation between the levels of UBC, sICAM, TPS, p185 in biological fluids, and survival (Plog-rank<0,05). The values of UBC in urine and sICAM in blood serum affect overall, cancer-specific, recurrence-free survivals of patients with either a single tumor focus or multiple tumor foci in the bladder. TPS blood levels affect the same survivals but only in patients with a single tumor focus. As regards p185, the level of this protein has a significant impact on all the calculated survivals of patients with nonmusculo-invasive bladder cancer. Multivariate analysis including all the four indices, with Cox proportional hazards regression model, found that a high blood level of p185 is an unfavourable prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival: with p185 concentration <4,43 ng/ml, 5-year recurrence-free survival of patients with a single tumor focus in the bladder was 95,9 % and with p185≥4,43 ng/ml it was 64,1 %; in patients with multiple tumor foci it was 83,6 % with p185<5,7 ng/ml and 30,0 % with p185≥5,7 ng/ml.

Short-and long-term results of combined modality treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed in patients with stage II-III esophageal cancer. Group I patients (n=18) received 2 courses of combined gemzar/cisplatin chemotherapy followed by radical surgery. The control group patients (n=20) underwent surgery alone. In the adjuvant chemotherapy group, the rate of immediate response was 38.9 % and complete response was observed in 1 (5.6 %) patient. Treatment was well tolerated by patients. The rates of postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the groups (22.2 % and 25.0 %, respectively, p>0.05). Combined modality treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy provided better 2-year overall and relapse-free survival rates than surgery alone (87.5 ± 8.2 % and 87.5 ± 8.2 % compared to 63.2 ± 11.1 % and 47.4 ± 11.4 %, respectively, р<0.05).

In experimental and clinical research carried out studying of influence of neoadjyuvant photodynamic therapy on T- and B-cellular immune answer in surgical treatment of patients of a melanoma of skin of the I–III stage. PDT was executed to 25 patients two days prior to surgical removal of primary tumor from July, 2012 to January, 2013. As a result of the conducted research it was revealed that: the increase in concentration fotoditaziny doesn‘t lead to increase in quantity of tumoral cages at stages early apoptosis; lengthening of time of an exposition leads to increase in a share of late forms apoptosis, and FDT use with fotoditaziny in a dose of 50,0 mg with the subsequent radiation (662 nanometers, 400 J) in 2 days prior to surgical intervention promotes T- and B-cellular link of immune system.

Results of local hyperthermia (LHT) in combined modality treatment of 25 patients with chemo-and radio-resistant recurrences of Hodgkin’s lymphoma were analyzed. Local hyperthermia for superficial tumors was combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (41.5–42.6°С for 40–60 min.) Radiation therapy was given in daily fractions of 2 Gy or daily dose was split into 2 fractions of 1 Gy + 1 Gy to a total dose of 20–30 Gy. At 4–6 month follow-up, complete tumor response was observed in 65.0 % of cases, partial response in 15.0 % and disease progression in 20.0 %. At a follow-up of 12–30 months after completion of thermochemotherapy, local control was 16.7 % and at a follow-up of 30–60 months after completion of thermoradiotherapy, local control was 35.4 %. Accordingly, local hyperthermia improves short-and long-term results (local control) of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with chemo-and radio-resistant recurrences of Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Findings of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with the use of the time-signal intensity curve were assessed in patient with thyroid cancer. Diagnostic value of high-field dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in detection of thyroid cancer was analyzed.

Experience of treating 183 pancreatic cancer patients was summarized. The frequency of carbohydrate metabolism disorder and time dependence between the onset of diabetes and pancreatic cancer detection were examined. It was found that 133 (72.7 %) patients had glucose intolerance. Diabetes mellitus was detected in 49 (26.8 %) patients and 28 of them (57.2 %) had new-onset diabetes. In the latter group of patients, it can be considered that detection of endocrine disease was an early sign of pancreatic cancer.

This article presents identification and mapping of an epitope in the protein ErbB-2 which binds to the monoclonal antibody 4B8 intended for use in immunochemistry to estimate the level of ErbB-2 production. Epitope was identified by biopanning of phage display library based on filamentous phage. Location of the epitope was revealed in ClustalW program, analysis of specificity was carried out by ELISA. The epitope is also similar to the sequence on tyrosine kinase domain. It suggests a possible interaction of this site with 4B8.

The state of antioxidant system (the activity of catalase and ceruloplasmine), the intensity of chemiluminescence, and oxidative modification of proteins were studied in blood plasma of 61 patients with ovarian cancer (cystadenocarcinoma) III–IV stage in state of remission and ones with a local recurrent tumor. The dynamics of these indices was analyzed in dependence of recurrent tumor vascularization. The statistically significant changes of the activity of some links of antioxidant system were found, as well as chemiluminescence intensity increase in blood plasma. The level of oxidative modificated protein molecules was raised, the most expressed for products of the main character (530 nm). The dynamics of level of carbonyl derivatives of the neutral and main character (370 and 530 nm) was opposite directed during intensification of recurrent tumour vascularization and increase in speed of blood-groove in a recurrent tumor

The purpose of the study was to find out the typical morpho-functional changes in mesenteric lymph nodes of Wistar rats after modeling of rectal cancer and intraperitoneally injected cytostatic therapy with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. Malignant epithelial tumor (dimorphous cancer) invaded the wall of the rectum was detected 11 months after instillation of chemical carcinogens. Under conditions of tumor growth, significant changes in structural organization, activation of proliferative process and blast transformation in areas responsible for cellular and humoral immune response were found in mesenteric lymph nodes. Similar changes occurred against the background of intranodular redistribution of lymph to the cortical intermediate sinuses influencing on changes in cytoarchitectonics in areas responsible for detoxification processes and antitumor resistance. Under conditions of intraperitoneal injection of chemical agents, activity of proliferation and blast transformation in germinal centers and paracortical area was maintained, that, however, was followed by signs of suppression of immune responses in brain strands. Activation of indirect lymph flow and redistribution of lymph flow into cortical, intermediate and brain sinuses took place. Nonuniformity of structural transformations in 1 and 2 mesenteric lymph nodes related to different regions of lymph collection was noted. Increase in transport function of the mesenteric lymph nodes was observed.

Cancer incidence among population of Norilsk city has been shown to be different from that of Russian Federation. Digestive system cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting men and reproductive system cancer is the leading cancer in women. Cancer incidence rates tend to increase reaching peak incidence in patients aged over 60 years. According to the study results, the automatic test program was suggested for forming groups at high risk for breast cancer

Twenty-six cases with secondary malignant tumors in children and adolescents receiving treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed. In all cases the lesion had developed in an area of previous radiation treatment. The interval between the primary treatment and secondary cancer development was from 3 to 29 years. The radiation therapy dose was from 12 to 45 Gy. Treatment of secondary cancer was successful only in 5 patients, the remaining patients died of disease progression. The risk of developing secondary cancer should be considered when planning treatment for patients with hemoblastosis. In cases with favorable prognosis (complete remission after induction chemotherapy and other signs of favorable prognosis) it is advisable to withhold radiation therapy as the most important risk factor for cancer.

The first experience of using the technique of two-stage resection of the liver (split in situ) in patients with extensive metastasis has been presented. This technique allows the surgeon to perform operation in cases with extensive metastasis reducing the incidence of postoperative hepatic failure, which is one of the main limited factors when choosing the extent of the liver resection.

The review deals with the problem of activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, in gliomas. It has been shown that GABA has an antitumor activity in most models and cancer patients have an increased level of GABA in tumor tissue and biological fluids (blood, liquor). There is a hypothesis that the relationship between GABA and the inflammatory cytokine system is one of the mechanisms of antitumor activity of GABA

The results of surgical treatment of a rare disease – retroperitoneal lymphangiomyomatosis ray data and morphological studies.